Study of reflection error in closed-loop polarization-maintained interferometric fiber optic gyroscope

To analyze quantitatively and systematically the reflection error in optical path of closed-loop polarization-maintained (PM) fiber optical gyroscope (FOG), the optical model is established and analyzed. Based on the optical model and the principle of the coherence detection in signal processing, the source of the reflection error is disclosed from the point of wave trains, and its effect on FOG performance is analyzed in detail, including variation as the step wave on modulator and as the environment temperature. In addition, the measures are promoted to suppress the reflection error, and the simulation result demonstrates that the peak-to-peak value of the reflection error can be suppressed from about 0.8°/h to less than 6×10⁻³°/h through matching the length of birefringent pigtails, which is small enough to meet the requirement of FOG with high performance.     

关于误差大小的比较

在实验数据处理过程中 ,经常涉及测量误差比较 ,笔者针对在误差比较中经常存在的模糊认识 ,阐明了几点已有的观点 .     

Efficient error estimation in quantum key distribution

In a quantum key distribution(QKD)system,the error rate needs to be estimated for determining the joint probability distribution between legitimate parties,and for improving the performance of key reconciliation.We propose an efficient error estimation scheme for QKD,which is called parity comparison method(PCM).In the proposed method,the parity of a group of sifted keys is practically analysed to estimate the quantum bit error rate instead of using the traditional key sampling.From the simulation results,the proposed method evidently improves the accuracy and decreases revealed information in most realistic application situations.     

真值、随机误差、系统误差的新定义

我国计量技术规范《JJF1001—1998通用计量术语及定义》对真值、随机误差和系统误差给予了新的定义,对过去的定义作了原则上的改变.本文对新定义的科学性和合理性进行了讨论,并建议在大学物理实验教学和教材中采用.     

两种光谱相位相干电场重构法对复杂脉冲测量的准确度比较

借助数值模拟的方法，比较了传统的光谱相位相干直接电场重构(SPIDER)法和延时受控无条纹光谱相位相干电场重构(DCFF-SPIDER)法对复杂脉冲测量准确度的差异，并分析其内在的原因.理论计算表明，传统SPIDER方法在测量光谱和相位结构存在突变的复杂脉冲时，通常会出现一定程度的偏差，而DCFF-SPIDER方法能够保持很高的准确度. 关键词： 光谱相位相干直接电场重构法 飞秒脉冲测量 超快信息光学     

波差与表面斜率误差评价方法的讨论

对用波差与表面斜率误差评价光学元件面形误差的方法进行了比较和讨论。以具有不同面形精度的光学元件 ,在不同的数据处理方法下得到的结果为例 ,说明此两种面形评价方法在数据处理方法不同时在数值上的联系。     

广义位移传感器在形状误差和误差运动分离中的读数贡献

详细推导并统一了形状误差和误差运动高精度检测 分离技术中各类传感器的读数方程 ,包括传统的差动变压器式位移传感器、电涡流式位移传感器、电容式微位移传感器和近年来出现的激光微位移传感器、激光角位移传感器以及后两者组合成的组合式广义位移传感器。以统一的列表方式阐明了各传感器的读数贡献。其优点是 :根据选用的误差分离方法和与之适配的传感器 ,便可按列表方式快速、方便地排出用于直线、圆、圆柱度和平面度等误差分离的原始读数方程 ,并对误差分离的可行性作出了初步分析     

关于误差和不确定度的4个问题的讨论

对误差和不确定方面的4个易引起模糊认识的问题，提出了个人观点．     

Impact of nonlinearities and model error on pseudo-inverse calculations

Pseudo-inverse calculations have been made within the operational and research meteorological communities to identify components of the error in the initial state that are responsible for a significant portion of the forecast error. These calculations are based on the assumptions of a perfect model and linear perturbation growth, conditions not realizable in operational forecasting. In this study, the impact of nonlinearities and model error on pseudo-inverse calculations is investigated within an idealized framework using a simple atmospheric model. Forecasts are run within the perfect and imperfect model frameworks, with initial errors of varying sizes. Model error is introduced by changing the model dissipation terms. It is found that for pseudo-inverses composed of a small subset of the leading singular vectors (SVs), the nonlinear forecast correction is often better than the expected theoretical correction, indicating the suppression of error growth both inside and outside the linear pseudo-inverse subspace. As the size of the pseudo-inverse is increased, the nonlinear forecast correction starts to degrade. This forecast degradation coincides with a degradation in the analysis correction. It is possible to improve the forecast by degrading the analysis in the presence of model error, especially when the initial error is very small. However, for initial errors of reasonable magnitude, this is unlikely to happen in instances when the nonlinear forecast correction is better than the theoretical correction. Just as improving the initial state may suppress errors outside of the linear SV subspace, degrading it may likewise increase errors outside the SV subspace. This suggests that the size of the nonlinear correction relative to the expected theoretical correction may be useful in determining when pseudo-inverse perturbations are likely to have improved the analyses.     

激光CCD复合测量方法在ICF靶丸球度误差检测中的应用

 提出一种基于激光与CCD的复合式测量方法,结合二者的优势,通过测量同一标准球球心的位置标定出了二者光轴的位置关系,有效地把二者测量的数据融合到同一个坐标系中,从而实现高精度的3维测量。在对所测靶丸表面数据进行去噪处理后,采用拟牛顿法,以CCD所测惯性约束聚变(ICF)靶丸直径作为部分待求参数的初始值,可以有效避免该方法容易陷入局部最优化的缺陷。从而快速、准确地实现靶丸球度误差的测量。分别在两种测量模式下进行了实验,结果验证了该方法的有效性与鲁棒性。     

An approach to estimating and extrapolating model error based on inverse problem methods:towards accurate numerical weather prediction

Model error is one of the key factors restricting the accuracy of numerical weather prediction(NWP). Considering the continuous evolution of the atmosphere, the observed data(ignoring the measurement error) can be viewed as a series of solutions of an accurate model governing the actual atmosphere. Model error is represented as an unknown term in the accurate model, thus NWP can be considered as an inverse problem to uncover the unknown error term. The inverse problem models can absorb long periods of observed data to generate model error correction procedures. They thus resolve the deficiency and faultiness of the NWP schemes employing only the initial-time data. In this study we construct two inverse problem models to estimate and extrapolate the time-varying and spatial-varying model errors in both the historical and forecast periods by using recent observations and analogue phenomena of the atmosphere. Numerical experiment on Burgers’ equation has illustrated the substantial forecast improvement using inverse problem algorithms. The proposed inverse problem methods of suppressing NWP errors will be useful in future high accuracy applications of NWP.     

System error removal and structure optimization based on Fizeau interferometer

In the process of interferometric testing, the measurement result is influenced by the system structure, which reduces the measurement accuracy. To obtain an accurate test result, it is necessary to analyze the test system, and build the relationship between the measurement error and the system parameters. In this paper, the influences of the system elements which include the collimated lens and the standard surface on the interferometric testing are analyzed, the expressions of phase distribution and wavefront error on the detector are obtained, the method to remove some element errors is introduced, and the optimization structure relationships are given.     

Branes, geometry and N = 1 duality with product gauge groups of SO and Sp

We study N = 1 dualities in four-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories as the world volume theory of D4 branes with one compact direction in type IIA string theory. We generalize the previous work for SO(N_c1) × Sp(N_c2) with the superpotential W = TrX⁴ to the case of W = TrX^4(k+1) in terms of brane configuration. We conjecture that the new dualities for the product gauge groups of SO(N_c1) × Sp(N_c2) × SO(N_c3), SO(N_c1) × Sp(N_c2) × SO(N_c3) × Sp(N_c4) and higher multiple product gauge groups can be obtained by reversing the ordering of NS5 branes and D6 branes while preserving the linking numbers. We also describe the above dualities in terms of wrapping D6 branes around 3-cycles of Calabi-Yau threefolds in type IIA string theory. The theory with adjoint matter can be regarded as taking multiple copies of NS5 brane in the configuration of brane or geometric approaches.     

一种高频响条纹信号细分方法及其误差分析

用两片高速A/D转换器和一片闪速存储器(Flash ROM)构建了高分辨率和高频响的莫尔条纹信号细分电路。光栅信号经A/D转换后只需访问一次只读存储器即可输出细分值。通过修改只读存储器的写入数据,可方便地实现不同的细分倍数。在100倍细分时能够实时处理50kHz的输入信号,最高可处理1MHz的信号。实现了光栅信号高频响和高细分处理的统一。通过计算实际信号与理想信号的数量积的方法分析了直流漂移、非正交误差、等幅性误差和三次谐波对只读存储器细分的影响。为进行误差修正和误差补偿奠定了基础。     

Seya-Namioka单色仪中光栅曲率半径误差的影响及补偿

Seya-Namioka光栅制作过程中的曲率半径误差会引起离焦像差,该像差会对光栅单色仪的光谱性能造成极大的影响。本文基于光线追迹理论,模拟分析了曲率半径误差对Seya-Namioka光栅的具体影响。分析结果表明,出入臂长度对曲率半径误差有很好的补偿作用,通过调整出入臂长度曲率半径误差的容许范围可增大到2 mm左右。总调整量不变的情况下,任意改变出入臂的长度,补偿效果相似。随着误差的增加需要调整的出入臂长度值变大,过大的误差使用出入臂长度无法进行补偿;出入臂夹角仅能对正向曲率半径误差进行补偿,且补偿所需调整角过大,影响单色仪的结构设计,该方法并不实用。结果可为单色仪的设计和使用提供理论参考。     

激光CCD复合测量方法在ICF靶丸球度误差检测中的应用

提出一种基于激光与CCD的复合式测量方法,结合二者的优势,通过测量同一标准球球心的位置标定出了二者光轴的位置关系,有效地把二者测量的数据融合到同一个坐标系中,从而实现高精度的3维测量。在对所测靶丸表面数据进行去噪处理后,采用拟牛顿法,以CCD所测惯性约束聚变(ICF)靶丸直径作为部分待求参数的初始值,可以有效避免该方法容易陷入局部最优化的缺陷。从而快速、准确地实现靶丸球度误差的测量。分别在两种测量模式下进行了实验,结果验证了该方法的有效性与鲁棒性。     

变分同化中水平误差函数的正交小波模拟新方法

背景误差协方差是变分资料同化系统中的一个重要组成部分,能将观测信息从观测点传播到周围的模式格点和垂直层上.为了模拟背景误差协方差中水平误差函数的非均匀性和各向异性,提出了一种用正交小波变换模拟水平误差函数的新方法.试验结果表明：新方法能模拟出水平误差函数中固有的非均匀性和各向异性,极好地表示了背景误差协方差中固有的结构和特征. 关键词： 变分资料同化 背景误差协方差 二维正交小波 水平误差函数     

完全补偿法测量电阻及误差分析

介绍了完全补偿法测量电阻的原理,给出了误差分析,并简述其优点．     

泡泡布点方法及其并行性

针对无网格和有限元方法中的布点需求,借鉴分子动力学方法和泡泡网格化方法的思想和处理技术,提出一种单纯的布点方法--泡泡布点方法.将区域内的点看作有相互作用力的泡泡,通过动态模拟得到高质量的点集,模拟中不需要网格连接.算例显示,生成的均匀点集和非均匀点集都具有很好的结构和渐进性,并对复杂区域具有很好的适应性.同时由于相互作用力的局部性,该布点方法类似于短程作用的分子动力学模拟,拥有潜在的并行性.通过初步的并行算例,验证了其并行化的可行性.     

软质齿轮影像法测量及系统误差和随机误差分析

通过实验了解影像法测量时的误差特性,分别对塑料、木质等软质齿轮公法线及模数在数显投影仪进行测量,并对实验数据进行分析处理,得到测量的系统误差主要来自测量时零线的对齐误差,通过对比检定法计算得出。随机误差主要来自于测量人员对齿廓的瞄准误差,通过A类不确定度进行计算得出。另外测量仪器的不确定度,按B类不确定度计算,由于其远小于A类不确定度,故忽略不计。对比塑料齿轮和木质齿轮测量的结果,得出软质齿轮测量的随机误差与材料、加工特性及表面质量相关的特点。木质齿轮的加工变形小于塑料齿轮,而且加工后齿廓表面质量较好,使得木质齿轮测量的随机误差小于塑料齿轮的随机误差。