空间调制型干涉光谱成像仪数据压缩方法研究

干涉型光谱成像技术是一种新型的光谱成像技术,近些年来发展迅速。在星载使用时,由于卫星数据传输容量的限制,需要对干涉成像光谱仪获得的原始干涉数据进行压缩,然后经过数据传输,到地面进行解压缩,再进行光谱复原处理,才能交给用户使用,干涉数据的压缩是一项新的技术,国内外很少有专门的文献进行介绍,基于该单位对此技术多年的研究,针对空间调制型干涉光谱成像仪数据的特点,结合环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座A星超光谱成像仪的数据,提出了一种针对空间调制型干涉成像光谱仪的数据压缩方法,获得了很好的结果。     

空间调制型干涉光谱成像仪数据处理方法

干涉型光谱成像技术是一种新型的光谱成像技术,近些年来发展迅速。干涉成像光谱仪获得的是间接数据干涉图,不能被用户直接使用,需要进行干涉数据反演处理,包括数据预处理(干涉图修正)、切趾、相位修正、傅里叶变换、光谱辐射定标等一系列复杂的处理,目前国内外尚未有文献对干涉数据处理技术进行全面的分析,文章基于作者单位对此技术多年的研究,针对空间调制型干涉光谱成像仪的数据处理方法,结合环境与灾害卫星超光谱成像仪的数据,提出了一套有效的数据反演方法和流程,获得了很好的数据反演结果。     

干涉光谱成像技术发展的回顾（特邀）

干涉光谱成像仪是基于现代光学技术、光谱技术、电子技术及计算机技术发展起来的一种用于精密光学测量的强有力工具。与色散型、滤光片型光谱成像技术相比较,干涉光谱成像技术因其具有高分辨本领、高灵敏度以及高波数准确度等优势,被广泛应用于农林水体监测、大气污染监控、国土矿产勘查以及天文目标观测等领域。本文按照光程获取方式的类型,从时间调制、空间调制以及时空联合调制三个方面综述了国内外干涉光谱成像技术的研究现状,并对每种类型的代表性研究成果进行了介绍和回顾。最后,对干涉光谱成像技术的未来研究趋势进行了展望。     

研究干涉图处理与光谱复原的一种新方法

简要论述了自行研制的空间调制型偏振干涉成像光谱仪的工作原理及干涉图获取模式，采用三种不同的光谱复原方法分别对干涉图进行了处理和光谱复原，并对实验结果进行了分析比较.将非参数模型Music算法引进到干涉图的光谱复原处理中，极大的提高了复原光谱的分辨率，为超高分辨率的光谱复原分析技术提供了较好的数学模型，为提高光谱分辨率提供了可能的依据和新方法. 关键词： 空间调制 偏振干涉成像光谱技术 光谱复原 Music算法     

基于统一计算设备架构的干涉成像光谱快速反演技术研究

在基于干涉光谱成像的气体成分实时遥测应用中,为了对推扫获取的原始干涉数据进行快速、有效的反演处理,提出一种结合计算统一设备架构（CUDA）的并行时空混合调制型长波红外干涉光谱反演算法。通过分析自主研制的时空混合调制型干涉光谱仪的数据获取模式,结合CUDA平台实现了并行反演算法。实验结果表明,基于CUDA平台的并行计算技术比仅使用CPU进行计算在效率上提升了5至20倍,为后期进一步做光谱识别打下了基础。     

干涉成像光谱技术的新发展

干涉成像光谱技术在航天遥感、资源普查和大气监测等方面有着重要作用。介绍了近几年出现的空间调制干涉成像光谱技术的原理、特点、具有代表性的方案及国外的发展现状，并和以往的成像光谱技术进行了比较，由于这种成像光谱仪没有运动部件并具有实时、稳定、高通量等优点，因此成为成像光谱技术的一个发展方向，具有非常广阔的发展前景。给出了我们的实验结果。     

时空混合调制型偏振干涉成像光谱仪干涉图获取模式研究

基于自行研制的时空混合调制型偏振干涉成像光谱仪（TSMPIIS）,提出了一种新的干涉图和光谱的获取模式,分析了干涉数据的排列方式,详细阐述了不同时刻获得的一系列干涉图组合的方法,并由TSMPIIS获得了单色光和复色光的干涉图.理想的干涉图和复原光谱充分显示了这种探测模式的优越性,如宽场、高探测灵敏度和高通量等. 关键词： 时空混合调制 偏振干涉成像光谱仪 获取模式     

静态调制的光谱偏振成像系统

针对传统光谱偏振成像系统普遍存在的系统结构复杂、需要动态调制、光通量低等问题,提出一种基于静态调制的光谱偏振成像系统,将静态调制偏振探测方法与Savart偏光镜干涉成像原理相结合,可在成像过程中实时获取目标的光谱信息和全部四个Stokes偏振信息。与传统系统相比较,该系统具有无运动部件、无需动态电控调制、没狭缝限制、光通量大等优点。介绍了系统组成和基本原理,搭建了实验装置,实验装置包括二次成像光学系统、偏振调制模块、干涉成像模块、CCD图像采集及数据处理模块等,成像谱段范围为可见光近红外(480~950 nm)。利用实验装置对白板、飞机玩具模型进行了成像实验,验证了该系统的光谱偏振成像数据获取能力。对静态调制的偏振测量精度进行了验证,偏振测量统计误差小于5%。实验结果验证了系统原理的正确性和可行性,获取的光谱偏振成像数据在目标识别、目标分类、遥感探测等方面具有较高的应用价值。     

干涉成像光谱仪技术的新发展

综述了成像光谱仪的发展过程以及空间调制干涉成像光谱仪技术的新原理、新技术、新发展。对干涉成像光谱技术的原理进行了论述 ,分析了Sagnac型和偏振型干涉成像光谱仪的分光机理和成像原理。提出了未来光谱仪技术的发展方向。     

基于孔径分割与视场分割的通道型成像光谱偏振技术

本文基于孔径分割、视场分割与通道光谱技术, 提出一种成像光谱偏振技术的新方案. 本方案在单一面阵探测器上同时获取经过不同强度调制的两对正反相干涉图, 四幅干涉图相加获取强度加倍的目标图像, 正反相干涉图相减获取纯干涉条纹, 纯干涉条纹相加减获取强度加倍的单通道干涉条纹, 对单通道干涉条纹进行傅里叶变换获取目标的光谱与偏振信息. 文中描述了方案的原理结构, 推导出了干涉强度的表达式, 并利用计算机仿真验证了方案的可行性. 为新型成像光谱偏振仪的设计和工程化应用提供了一种新思路.     

干涉数据光谱反演方法研究

干涉光谱仪获取的干涉数据是一种中间数据,需要进行光谱反演,常规的方法是采用傅里叶逆变换反演光谱。文章由干涉数据的基本公式入手,推导出干涉数据的混合模型,给出一种基于干涉数据混合模型的光谱反演方法。利用干涉数据对该方法及傅里叶逆变换方法进行计算机仿真,对其光谱反演结果进行对比。由仿真结果可以看出,所提方法反演的光谱精度要优于通用的傅里叶逆变换方法反演的光谱,为干涉数据光谱反演提供新的思路。     

Comparison of results of interferometric phase extraction algorithms for three-dimensional flow-field tomography

A comparison of the results of interferometric phase information retrieval and subsequent tomographic reconstruction from deformed wavefront projections by phase unwrapping is presented. In interferogram processing, conventional fringe tracking and Fourier transform methods have been utilized for comparison. With these methods by injecting carrier fringes, the projection data of any axial cross section can be extracted in all projection directions to implement three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction. The results of experiments of a simulated temperature field prove that the phase extraction based on the Fourier transform method produces tomographic reconstruction much superior to the conventional fringe tracking technique.     

Interferometric grating method and its application in Fe-base shape memory alloy structure design

This paper presents an interferometric grating method used in measuring strain fields on a curved surface. This method can be used to determine the small and large strains with high sensitivity and has been applied successfully in Fe-base shape memory alloy (FSMA) structure design. In this study, five diffracted beam from the specimen surface produce the interferometric gratings through an optical system. Using image processing technique (fast Fourier transform with special interpolation and phase shifting technique), we have obtained the strain fields of outer surface of FSMA joint and contact pressure distribution on its inside surface which has mechanical deformation and transformation.     

Short-scan interferometric interrogation and multiplexing of fibre Bragg grating sensors

We describe an interferometric technique for the demodulation of serial fibre Bragg grating sensor arrays, yielding absolute measurement of the individual grating mean wavelengths. The composite beam reflected from the array illuminates a scanning Michelson interferometer but, in contrast to spectral measurement by Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, our technique requires an OPD scan far shorter than the coherence length of the grating reflections. The technique is based on the high-resolution measurement of the phases of the complex analytic signals and of the relationship of these phases to interferometric delay. The analytic signals are derived via the Hilbert transform, allowing frequency domain filtering of individual signals within the signal processing. The technique has yielded a resolution of 0.007 nm for an OPD scan of 1.2 mm.     

基于快速傅里叶变换和汉克耳变换的逆阿贝尔变换

激光等离子体实验中的轴对称的Ｘ光的体发射强度及光学全息干涉的测量,需要采用逆阿贝尔（Ａｂｅｌ）变换。用快速傅里叶变换（ＦＦＴ）和汉克耳（Ｈａｎｋｅｌ）变换的算法数值求解逆阿贝尔变换,具有精度高、可在频域内滤波的特点。     

White-light spectral interferometric technique to measure a nonlinear phase function of a thin-film structure

We present a new two-step white-light spectral interferometric technique to measure a nonlinear phase function of a thin-film structure. The technique is based on recording of channeled spectra at the output of a Michelson interferometer and their processing by using a windowed Fourier transform to retrieve the phase functions. First, the phase function including the effect of a thin-film structure is retrieved. Second, the structure is replaced by a reference sample of known phase change on reflection and the corresponding phase function is retrieved. From the two functions, the nonlinear phase function of the thin-film structure is obtained. The feasibility of this simple method is confirmed in processing the experimental data for a SiO₂ thin film on a Si wafer of known optical constants. Four samples of the thin film are used and their thicknesses are determined. The thicknesses obtained are compared with those resulting from reflectometric measurements, and a good agreement is confirmed.     

Spectral interferometric technique to measure the relative phase change on reflection from a thin-film structure

A two-step white-light spectral interferometric technique to measure the relative phase change on reflection from a thin-film structure is presented. The technique is based on recording of the channeled spectra at the output of a Michelson interferometer and their processing by using a windowed Fourier transform to retrieve the phase functions. In the first step, the phase difference between the beams of the interferometer with a thin-film structure is retrieved. In the second step, the structure is replaced by a reference sample of known phase change on reflection and the corresponding phase difference is retrieved. From the two phase differences, the relative phase change on reflection from the thin-film structure is obtained. The feasibility of the simple method is confirmed in processing the experimental data for a SiO₂ thin film on a Si wafer of known optical constants. Four samples of the thin film are used and their thicknesses are determined. The thicknesses obtained are compared with those resulting from reflectometric measurements, and good agreement is confirmed.     

X-ray interferometric Fourier holography

An X-ray interferometric Fourier holography was proposed and theoretically investigated. X-ray Interferometric Young fringes and the reconstruction of an object image were investigated by the Fourier transform method. It was shown that on the output surface of the analyzer crystal (the third plate of the interferometer) the interference pattern of two slits gives X-ray interferometric Young fringes. An expression for the period of X-ray interferometric Young fringes was obtained. The subsequent reconstruction of the slit image as an object is conducted by means of the Fourier transform method of intensity distribution on the hologram. Three methods for reconstruction of the function of complex transmission of the object are presented: an analytical one–the approximate method, the iteration method and the step-by-step approach. As examples a recording of X-ray interferometric Fourier hologram and the reconstruction of the function of complex amplitude transmission of a beryllium circular cylinder are given.     

Lensless Fourier holography for digital holographic interferometry on biological samples

Digital holography as a tool for highly sensitive, interferometric non-destructive testing has several advantages compared to holographic measurements based on conventional storage media like an all-digital processing and a direct access to the phase of the object wave. Experimental results of interferometric investigations of heart valve bio-prostheses with a setup for lensless Fourier holography are presented which demonstrate that this technique is applicable to such biological samples with their wet and unstable surfaces. Limitations on size and resolution of the reconstructed object caused by the properties of the CCD sensor are discussed.     

Computer aided evaluation of fringe patterns

The crucial step in computer aided evaluation of interferometric fringe patterns is the determination of the interference phase distribution from the recorded and stored intensity pattern. Methods for determination of the interference phase distributions from fringe patterns are presented and the most important methods, which are skeletonising, temporary heterodyning, phase shifting and Fourier transform evaluation are compared with regard to experimental requirements, achievable resolution and precision, as well as inherent noise suppression and image enhancement. The comparison shows that whenever phase shifting is possible, it is the best choice. If only one interference pattern is offered, Fourier transform evaluation is recommendable. For demodulation of the wrapped phase a path-independent algorithm is presented. Practical examples are given from holographic interferometric measurements.