Te掺杂对二维InSe抗氧化性以及电子结构的影响

In Se作为一种典型的二维层状半导体材料,具有优异的电学性能以及适中可调的带隙,在光电器件中表现出诱人的应用前景.然而有研究表明,单硒空位(Vse)体系的In Se易受O₂分子影响,造成In Se材料降解,严重影响其在电子器件领域的应用.本文基于In Se降解机理,提出了碲(Te)替位掺杂的方法,用于提升该材料的环境稳定性.利用密度泛函理论对不同体系电子结构、吸附能、能量反应路径等进行分析,发现Te掺杂不仅显著改善缺陷引起的In Se降解问题,同时可消除Vse产生的缺陷态,起到缺陷补偿作用.具体研究结果如下:1) O₂分子在Te掺杂In Se表面(In Se-Te)的解离能垒高达2.67 e V,说明其具有较强的抗氧化能力;2) O₂分子在In Se-Te表面保持3.87?的距离,吸附能仅有–0.03 e V,表明O₂分子物理吸附在其单层表面;3) Te掺杂不仅提升材料抗氧化能力,同时还消除了Vse产生的缺陷态.该研究结果将有助于进一步提升In Se二维材料器件的环境稳定性,推动In Se二维器件...     

土壤和水系沉积物中硒的价态分析方法研究

研究土壤和水系沉积物中硒的价态有助于了解硒（Se）的迁移和转化。目前报道大多只是测定土壤和水系沉积物中部分Se的价态,而如何测定土壤和水系沉积物中全部Se的价态一直是一个难题,难点在于如何将土壤和水系沉积物中的Se消解完全而不改变Se的价态。试验发现6.0 mol·L-1 HCl可以将Se(Ⅵ)还原成Se(Ⅳ);而在室温条件下1.2 mol·L-1 HCl介质中Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)放置48 h,价态保持不变。Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)采用HNO₃+HF+HClO₄进行消解,加热到HClO₄冒白烟时,Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的价态保持不变;而土壤和水系沉积物中Se采用HNO₃+HF+HClO₄进行消解,加热到HClO₄蒸干以后,Se(Ⅳ)会被氧化成Se(Ⅵ)。基于以上的研究结果,建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法（HG-AFS）测定土壤和水系沉积物中Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的方法,样品采用HNO₃+HF+HClO₄消解,加热至HClO₄冒白烟后停止加热（避免局部蒸干）,消解后的样品冷却至室温用1.2 mol·L-1 HCl溶解,采用 HG-AFS测定得到样品中Se(Ⅳ)。消解后的样品采用6.0 mol·L-1 HCl 加热溶解,将Se(Ⅵ)全部还原为Se(Ⅳ),采用HG-AFS测定得到样品中总Se,利用差减法得Se(Ⅵ)。测定结果表明土壤和水系沉积物中Se消解完全,Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)在分析过程中价态保持不变,Se(Ⅳ)和总Se的检出限分别为4.5和5.1 ng·g-1,Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)加标回收率分别为102%～108%和94%～104%。     

S取代Se对Ge_(11.5)As_(24)Se_(64.5–x)S_x玻璃结构及光学性质的影响

本文制备了硫系玻璃Ge_(11.5)As_(24)Se_(64.5–x)S_x (x=0, 16.125%, 32.25%, 48.375%和64.5%)并研究了其光学性质,目的在于筛选可用于光学器件的最佳组分.通过测试该系列玻璃的激光损伤阈值、折射率、三阶非线性折射率以及吸收光谱,结果发现,玻璃中的Se被S原子逐渐替代后,玻璃的线性和三阶非线性折射率逐渐降低,玻璃光学带隙和激光损伤阈值不断升高.我们进一步利用拉曼散射光谱和高分辨率X射线光电子能谱研究导致这些物理性能变化的结构起源,通过分析玻璃中不同结构单元的演变过程,发现在这些玻璃网络结构中均以异极键(Ge—Se/S, As—Se/S)为主,且相对于Se而言, Ge和As优先与S结合成键.随着玻璃结构中S/Se比例的增加,与Se相关的化学键(Ge—Se,As—Se和Se—Se)数量逐渐减少, S相关化学键(Ge—S,As—S和S—S)数量逐渐增加,但这对玻璃的拓扑结构几乎没有影响.由此可以断定引起玻璃物理性质变化的主要原因是玻璃结构体系中各个化学键强度之间的差异.     

二硫化硒的结构与抗氧化性

基于方法 b3p86/6-311g*,计算Se S2得到基态为1Α1,它属于C2V构型,其正则振动频率为ν1(π)=519.19 cm-1,ν2(π)=501.36 cm-1和ν3(σ)=202.71 cm-1.Se S2基态1Α1的能隙为0.0972 a.u.,比较小;而用同样方法计算的水基态的能隙为0.34237 a.u.,后者为前者的3.5倍.可见,Se S2的单重态1Α1的最低空轨道相对地容易接受电子,体现了Se S2的抗氧化性,而且,它的电子光谱中在8.8928 e V=71724.9cm-1有一大的跃迁,这表明Se S2容易激发.     

V族元素掺杂的单层二维铁电α-In2Se3中的带隙异常增大现象

基于第一性原理密度泛函理论计算, 我们探索了 V 族元素(P,As 和Sb) 掺杂的单层二维铁电α-In2Se3 的电子结构. 由于本征的α-In2Se3 中存在两个不等价的In 原子层,V 族元素掺杂在不同的In 原子层会表现出不同的能带结构, 对于带隙变化尤为明显. 当掺杂元素位于α-In2Se3 的四面体配位的In 原子层时, 其带隙相比于本征的单层α-In2Se3 的带隙明显增大, 这与通常半导体或绝缘体中杂质掺杂的物理图像相反. 利用α-In2Se3 的铁电特性, V族元素掺杂的单层α-In2Se3 的带隙可以通过施加外电场翻转α-In2Se3 电极化的方向来调控. 这项工作为在二维材料中构建具有不同电子性质的非易失双态提供了一种实际有效的方法.     

顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定化肥中砷、汞、锑和硒

本文建立了一种顺序注射氢化物发生 -原子荧光光谱法测定化肥中 As、Hg、Sb、Se含量的方法。在最佳条件下 ,As、Hg、Sb和 Se的检出限分别为 0 .1 5μg/ L、0 .0 6 1μg/ L、0 .0 4 6μg/ L、0 .2 5μg/ L。测定化肥中 As、Hg、Sb和 Se,回收率均在 94 .6 7%— 1 0 6 .81 %之间。该方法用于检测化肥中 As、Hg、Sb和 Se具有很好的可行性和实用性。     

ICP-AES和AFS法对内蒙古低硒地区156名育龄妇女头发中微量元素的研究

孕妇由于孕期较大生理变化极易成为微量元素缺乏或过量的高危人群，尤其是孕中期由于胎儿功能发育，快速消耗母体微量元素储备，极易导致孕妇机体正常活动受阻，出现异常。同时低硒地区是多种地方病的高发区。以地处我国低硒地区的内蒙古鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗五个乡镇的156名育龄妇女(未孕和孕中期)为研究对象，采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES) 和原子荧光光谱法(AFS) 研究了未孕和孕中期妇女头发样中铝(Al)、钙(Ca)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、钒(V)、锌(Zn)和硒(Se) 12种微量元素的含量水平、主要的影响因素及硒与其他元素间的相互作用。结果表明：(1) 所有育龄妇女发样中均存在Se元素缺乏现象，可能与研究区地处我国低硒带有关；另外92%，95%，35%和60%的妇女分别存在Mn，Fe，Cu和Mg元素缺乏。建议增加小麦、巴西坚果、大蒜、苹果和柿子等富含Se元素的食物及海产品、坚果和扁豆等富含Mn，Cu，Mg和Fe食物的摄入。同时发现80%，52%和34%妇女分别存在V，Cd和Pb过量的情况。(2) 孕中期妇女发样中Al，Ca，Cd，Cu，Fe，Pb，V和Se含量均低于未孕组，可能是由于孕中期胎儿快速生长发育需要更多的营养导致。(3) 值得注意的是，未孕妇女头发中Se含量和孕中期妇女发样中Cu含量分别都与年龄呈显著正相关关系，且所有妇女发样中Ca和Mg均不存在显著相关关系，可能与Ca/Mg含量比值高于10有关。(4) 研究区未孕组和孕中期组Cd-Pb，Ni-Pb和Ni-Cd存在显著相关关系，表明研究区妇女头发中Cd，Ni和Pb元素可能具有相同的暴露源，并提示该区妇女存在一定的暴露风险。     

衬底对Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜织构的影响

分别在苏打石灰玻璃、Mo箔、无择优取向的Mo薄膜以及(110)择优取向的Mo薄膜四种不同衬底上,采用共蒸发工艺沉积约2μm厚的Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜,用X射线衍射仪测量薄膜的织构,研究衬底对Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜织构的影响.在以上四种衬底上沉积的Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜的(112)衍射峰强度依次逐渐减弱,(220/204)衍射峰从无到有且强度逐渐增强.在苏打石灰玻璃和Mo箔衬底上的Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜具有明显的(112)择优生长,而在(110)取向的Mo薄膜衬底上,Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜的织构为(220/204)取向.研究结果表明,只有(110)择优取向的Mo薄膜衬底对Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜(220/204)织构的形成有重要影响.     

荧光法同时测定饲料及食品中V.A和V.E

用石油醚(30°～60℃)作抽提剂和萃取剂,借乙醇介质中的抗坏血酸使V.E避免氧化;用60%的硫酸抑制V.A对V.E的干扰作用。用荧光法分別在λ_(EX)295nm/λ_(EM)340nm和λ_(EX)340nm/λ_(EM)480nm处简便、快速地测定饲料和食品中V.A和V.E含量。样品不需经充氮皂化和柱分离,即可得到满意的结果。测定V.A和V.E的相对标准偏差分别为3.59%和1.76%,V.A和V.E的平均回收率分别为95.74%和95.05%。     

Measurement of the half-life of ~(79)Se with accelerator mass spectrometry

The accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) is an effective method for the determination of the half-life of long-lived radionuclides. In this paper, we report a method for measurement of the half-life of79 Se. The number of79 Se atoms was determined from measured79Se/Se absolute ratios with the AMS system at the China Institute of Atomic Energy and the decay rate of79 Se was determined by counting the emitted β-rays with a liquid scintillation spectrometer. The major improvements of our measurements include using the high abundance of an79 Se sample which was cooled for many years to exclude the interference of short-lived nuclides, the extraction of SeO-2molecular ions, that results in a suppression of the79 Br background by as much as about five orders of magnitude. Also, an AMS measurement of the absolute ratio of79Se/Se was developed to avoid systematic errors. The results show that79Se/Se is(2.35±0.12)×10-7in the reference sample and the radioactivity of79 Se is(1.24±0.05) Bq/g, so the half-life of79 Se is(2.78±0.18)×105a.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.