雄县地下水多组分含量分析及水质评价

为了解雄县地区地下水水化学特征及水质现状,选取43组地下水,采用仪器分析和容量法相结合的方式对雄县地下水典型的环境项目进行测定,运用数理统计和三元相图分析了雄县地下水的主要离子特征,并运用综合评价法对地下水质量予以评价。结果表明,该类指标的方法检出限为0.001～1.30mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.30%～3.7%,pH值和偏硅酸空间变异最低(CV30%),Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)和碘化物的空间变异性最高(CV100%),水化学类型主要以HCO_3-Na型为主,水质评价结果显示研究区域地下水水质总体状况较好,多为Ⅱ类水和Ⅲ类水。研究成果对了解雄县地下水水质现状具有重要意义。     

新安江“亿元对赌水质”试点显成效等

在新安江浙皖交界处的村口水断面上,两座水质自动监测站遥相对望。
　　20世纪90年代后,千岛湖水质富营养化趋势加剧。浙江省政协一份有关钱塘江的调研报告显示,目前钱塘江流域内上游污染严重,水质以IV类和劣V类为主,饮用水安全存在较大隐患。
　　千岛湖是长三角最后一片大型清洁水源,湖水量中有60%以上来自黄山地区,上游来水水质的优劣,对千岛湖水质起着决定性的作用。     

中国北方某河流水质现状调查及分析

为调查A河、B河下游水体的水质现状,于2014年丰水期（8月）和枯水期（12月）,选取A、B河下游各8个采样点,对水体的溶解氧、氨氮等6项理化指标,以及Hg、Pb等7项重金属指标进行检测,采用单项参数评价法和综合水质标识指数法对2条河流的水质现状进行分析及评价,并采用对数型幂函数普适指数公式对水体的富营养程度进行评价。结果发现,A、B河下游水质以劣V类为主,水体中各类重金属不超标,主要超标污染物为总氮、总磷、氨氮等。A河水质好于B河,2条河流丰水期水质好于枯水期。A、B河下游水体处于重富和极富营养化状态,应加强整治2条河流流域的农业面污染源,降低河流的富营养化风险。     

广州蓄能水电厂2012年度水环境质量与评价

通过对广州蓄能水电厂库区水质及渗水进行监测,评价水库水质现状、富营养化水平、对混凝土的腐蚀性及渗水对水工建筑物的腐蚀作用。2012年3月及9月两次采集库区及渗水共54个样品,按照国标或行业标准进行检测,并对污染物含量进行分析。评价结果表明,电厂水库水质良好,各测点所测项目均符合《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）Ⅲ类水标准;根据天然水化学特征评定上、下库各测点均属低矿化度的极软水;根据水库理化指标评价,水库水体整体营养水平属中营养状态,未出现富营养化现象;根据碳酸盐类含量评定,水库水对水工建筑混凝土具有弱-中腐蚀性;渗水中p H、总碱度、碳酸根含量较水库水中含量高,说明施工支洞及其它厂房坝体建筑受到一定程度侵蚀。本次监测评价为广州蓄能水电厂的水资源保护和进一步开展水资源利用提供参考,同时为广州蓄能水电厂下一年度监测方案调整提供依据。     

四川省重点河段水环境安全性评价

为研究四川省重点河段水环境的安全性,利用综合评价指数法和模糊综合评价决策的数学模型对主要水系干流和支流河段的水质安全性做出了评价.结果显示,岷江流域的水质安全性较差,主要的污染物为重金属汞和铁,沱江和涪江流域的水质安全性较好.     

徒骇河聊城大学段水质情况的检测

徒骇河是流经聊城地区的一条主要河流,将其作为研究对象,在不同地点取样,对其水质进行了实验检测。结果显示,徒骇河水质只符合国家Ⅳ或Ⅴ类水的标准,即一般工业或农业用水及景观用水等。因此,长期饮用此水或用于灌溉农田都会对居民及农作物甚至当地的生态环境带来严重的负面影响。     

又出新标准!水中油的测定方法或将迎来大变化北大核心CSCD

近日,生态环境部发布了关于征求《水质石油类的测定紫外分光光度法（征求意见稿）》、《水质石油类的测定荧光分光光度法（征求意见稿）》、《水质石油类的测定重量法（征求意见稿）》三项国家环境保护标准意见的函。     

又出新标准!水中油的测定方法或将迎来大变化

正近日,生态环境部发布了关于征求《水质石油类的测定紫外分光光度法(征求意见稿)》、《水质石油类的测定荧光分光光度法(征求意见稿)》、《水质石油类的测定重量法(征求意见稿)》三项国家环境保护标准意见的函。据了解,我国现行标准《水质石油类和动植物油类的测定红外分光光度法》(HJ 637-2012)是在     

利用改进的内梅罗指数法模型评价苏州市内外城河水质

采用改进的内梅罗指数法评价苏州市内外城河的水质污染状况。计算水质的分级标准临界值,以此作为评价水质污染状况的依据。研究结果表明,苏州市内外城河6个采样点的水质污染状况不同,各个点位的水质随时间变化显著(5月、9月、11月较好)。通过Pearson相关性分析可知,影响水质的主要因素是营养元素(氨氮、总氮和总磷)及重金属(6价铬)。对比改进前后的两种评价方法,改进的内梅罗指数法对水质污染状况的评价更为科学客观。     

显色剂2-[3-羧基-2,4,5-三氮唑]-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸的合成及其与铜的显色反应

1　引　　言三氮唑偶氮类试剂与金属离子显色反应的灵敏度尚可 ,选择性较高 ,但合成研究的不多。为此 ,合成了 2 [3 羧酸 2 ,4,5 三氮唑 ] 5 二甲氮基苯甲酸 (ＣＴＺＡＤＭＢ) ,试验了试剂与铜的最佳反应条件 ,所确立的方法用于合金中铜的测定。结果与推荐值一致显色剂2-[3-羧基-2,4,5-三氮唑]-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸的合成及其与铜的显色反应@叶巧云$台州师范专科学校化学系!台州317000 @蒋华江$台州师范专科学校化学系!台州317000 @汤福隆$浙江大学化学系!杭州310000 @张孙玮$浙江大学化学系!杭州310000浙江省教育委员会科研启动…     

广州市与台州市3岁儿童全血部分常量元素与微量元素含量比较分析

为比较不同地区,不同性别3岁儿童全血微量元素及钙、镁的含量,采用原子吸收分光光谱法对广州市及台州市的3岁儿童末梢血中的铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的含量进行测定,比较两个地区及同一地区不同性别的五元素水平.结果表明,广州市与台州市3岁儿童末梢血中的铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的含量有统计学差异,台州市不同性别五元素的含量均没有统计学差异,...     

Chemometric analysis of the water purification process data

The aim of this work was to show usefulness of chemometric analysis in processing of the data describing production of drinking water in the Silesian region of Poland. Water samples have been collected within the period of 1 year and the quality of water was characterized by a number of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and STATIS (Structuration des Tableaux A Trois Indices de la Statistique) were employed to obtain the knowledge about the complete water treatment process. PCA makes it possible to uncover seasonal changes influencing the water treatment process. In particular, it was found out that the salt content, hardness and conductivity of water tend to obtain higher levels in winter rather than in summer, and the relatively lower acidity is also to be expected in winter. The sensory quality of water is considerably improved over the consecutive purification steps. Complementary information about the individual technological units of the process is gained with the STATIS approach. The obtained results show that the water produced by the two independent filtering branches of the water plant is of similar quality and the prescribed quality characteristics of drinking water are fulfilled.     

水质浊度标准物质的研制

介绍水质浊度国家二级标准物质的研制。参照国际标准ISO 7027中规定的方法,以硫酸肼和六次甲基四胺为原料,采用重量-容量法,根据样品的纯度值、称取的质量及溶液定容体积计算配制值作为标准值,采用高精度浊度仪进行量值核对。样品分装成90瓶后,使用高精度浊度仪进行均匀性和稳定性检验。从样品中随机抽取16瓶进行测定,对测定结果进行F检验,证明标准溶液的均匀性良好。对标准物质溶液进行稳定性检验,证明在1年有效期内稳定性良好。研制的水质浊度标准物质的浊度值为400 NTU,相对扩展不确定度为3%(k=2)。该标准物质符合国家二级标准物质的要求,能够用于水质监测质量控制。     

Chemical characterization and quality of the waters used for hemodialyses in the INEF from 2002 to 2004

Summary The quality of the potable and purified for haemodialysis waters used in the National Institute of Nephrology was evaluated since 2002 up to now. A total of 20 chemical components were analyzed. The analytical results were compared with the admissible maximum concentrations according to the Cuban Standard NC 92-02:85 for potable water and with the Spanish Standard UNE 111-301-90, related to the quality of water for use in haemodialysis. The quality of both types of water was found to comply with the Standards regulations. The CEADEN analytical chemistry laboratory operates a quality management system since 1992, that was credited according to ISO/IEC 17025 requirements.     

Multi-way modeling of hydro-chemical data of an alluvial river system--a case study

A large data set pertaining to water quality of an alluvial river was analyzed using multi-way data analysis methods with a view to extract the hidden information, spatial and temporal variation trends in the river water quality. Four-way data (8 monitoring sites × 22 water quality variables × 10 monitoring years × 12 sampling months) analysis was performed using PARAFAC and Tucker3 models. A two component PARAFAC model, although explained 35.1% of the data variance, could not fit to the data set. Tucker3 model of optimum complexity (2,3,1,3) explaining 39.7% of the data variance, allowed interpretation of the data information in four modes. The model explained spatial and temporal variation trends in terms of water quality variables during the study period and revealed that sampling sites in mid-stretch of the river were dominated mainly by the variables of anthropogenic origin. The results delineated the mid stretch of the river as critical from pollution point of view and also identified summer months as having high influence on river water quality in this stretch. The information regarding spatial and temporal variations in water quality generated by the four-way modeling of data would be useful in developing long-term water resources management strategies in the river basin.     

水环境重金属污染的现状及其评价

水环境重金属污染问题已十分普遍。国内外已制定了许多相关的法律法规、评价标准和评价方法。水环境重金属污染的评价主要包括水质直接评价和沉积物评价。水质的评价方法主要有：指数法、分级评分法、概率统计法、模糊数学法等;沉积物的评价方法则包括：化学分析指数法、生物监测评价法及化学与生物学相结合的C—B—T质量三合一方法(Triad)和相平衡分配方法(Eqp)等。一般认为以化学和生物学相结合的方法来评价比较合适。     

Hasse diagram technique as a tool for water quality assessment

The management of the quality large water catchments is a complex problem which requires intelligent data analysis on various levels – analytical, spatial, and temporal. Recently, a successful approach is developed combining advanced multivariate data treatment approaches like self-organizing maps of Kohonen (SOM) and Hasse diagram technique (HDT). In the first step of the environmetric analysis the monitoring data were subject to pre-processing using SOMs to reduce the number of objects and/or water quality parameters. In the next step HDT for partial ranking (both in spatial and temporal aspect) was applied according to the pre-selected set of the water quality parameters. The use of the water quality norms issued by the Bulgarian environmental authorities revealed important details in assessing the Maritsa River water quality. Thus, the relations between different water quality patterns and sampling stations could be used by water management authorities during the period of observation.     

Removal of Uranium from Finnish Groundwaters in Domestic Use with a Strong Base Anion Resin

The removal of uranium from Finnish groundwaters with a strong base anion resin (SBA) has been tested in domestic use with different types of ion exchange filter and water. SBA resin was considered to be the best type of resin for testing due to its high capacity, simplicity and cost effectiveness, and due to the well owners acute need for removal equipment. The removal of uranium using SBA resin achieved over 95% effectiveness at all six test places independently, with different water qualities and competing ions. Attention was also paid to the quality of the treated water, especially the hygienic quality. The water quality has been monitored regularly for two years and improved rather than deteriorated during the treatment.     

计算机技术在水质检测实验室信息管理系统中的应用

介绍计算机技术在水质检测实验室信息管理系统中的应用,基于信息管理系统的总体设计思路,探讨计算机数据库技术和网络技术在排水监测站实验室信息管理系统中的应用。水质检测实验室信息管理系统是集分析检测、质量控制及实验室综合管理于一体的模块化、开放式信息平台,主要应用于水质检测流程控制、质量监测和实验室管理。对计算机技术在水质检测实验室信息管理系统建设中的应用进行分析,为水质检测实验室信息管理系统的建设应用提供解决方案。通过实验室信息管理系统建设,可以规范实验室的管理,调动实验室各种资源,提高工作效率,加大对污废水排放的监管力度。