Nonplanar Electrostatic Solitary Waves in a Relativistic Degenerate Dense Plasma

By employing the reductive perturbation technique, the propagation of cylindrical and spherical ion acoustic solitary waves is studied in an unmagnetized dense relativistic plasma, consisting of relativistically degenerate electrons and cold fluid ions. A modified Korteweg-de-Vries equation is derived and its numerical solutions have been analyzed to identify the basic features of electrostatic solitary structures that may form in such a degenerate Fermi plasma. Different degrees of relativistic electron degeneracy are discussed and compared. It is found that increasing number density leads to decrease the amplitude the width of the ion acoustic solitary wave in both the cylindrical and spherical geometries. The relevance of the work to the compact astrophysical objects, particularly white dwarfs is pointed out.     

Dispersion properties of electron acoustic waves in degenerate and non‐degenerate quantum plasmas

The longitudinal response functions are used to generalize the dispersion properties of electron acoustic waves (EAWs) in the presence of quantum recoil, for isotropic, non‐relativistic, degenerate/non‐degenerate plasmas. In order to study the EAWs, the constituents of non‐degenerate (thermal) plasma are considered to be of two groups of electrons having different number density and temperature, namely the cold electrons and the hot electrons. Similarly in degenerate (Fermi) plasma the two population of electrons are considered to be the thinly populated and the thickly populated electrons. The sparsely populated electrons are termed as cold electrons while the densely populated ones are termed as hot electrons. The ions are stationary which form the neutralizing background. The absorption coefficients for Landau damping with the inclusion of the quantum recoil in both plasmas are calculated and discussed. The results are discussed in the context of laser‐produced plasma.     

Stimulated Raman scattering of gaussian laser beam in relativistic plasma

This paper presents an investigation of Stimulated Raman Scattering of gaussian laser beam in relativistic Plasma. The pump beam interacts with a pre-excited electron plasma wave and thereby generate a back-scattered wave. Due to intense laser beam, electron oscillatory velocity becomes comparable to the velocity of light, which modifies the background plasma density profile in a direction transverse to pump beam axis. The relativistic non-linearity due to increase in mass of the electrons effects the incident laser beam, electron plasma wave and back-scattered beam. We have set up the non-linear differential equations for the beam width parameters of the main beam, electron plasma wave, back-scattered wave and derived SRS back-reflectivity by taking full non-linear part of the dielectric constant of relativistic plasma with the help of moment theory approach. It is observed from the analysis that self-focusing of the pump beam greatly affects the SRS reflectivity, which plays a significant role in laser induced fusion.     

Neutrino beam plasma instability

We derive relativistic fluid set of equations for neutrinos and electrons from relativistic Vlasov equations with Fermi weak interaction force. Using these fluid equations, we obtain a dispersion relation describing neutrino beam plasma instability, which is little different from normal dispersion relation of streaming instability. It contains new, nonelectromagnetic, neutrino-plasma (or electroweak) stable and unstable modes also. The growth of the instability is weak for the highly relativistic neutrino flux, but becomes stronger for weakly relativistic neutrino flux in the case of parameters appropriate to the early universe and supernova explosions. However, this mode is dominant only for the beam velocity greater than 0.25c and in the other limit electroweak unstable mode takes over.     

铝中气泡在电子束辐照下的异常放热现象

在室温下,利用离子加速器对纯铝透射样品分别注入He⁺,Ne⁺和Ar⁺三种惰性气体离子,通过透射电子显微镜原位观察分析了纯铝中三种气体气泡在电子束辐照下形貌及电子衍射花样的变化.实验表明,在200 keV电子束辐照下,三种惰性气体气泡均会合并长大,亮度逐渐增强,最终破裂,气泡内部产生许多约几个纳米的黑色斑点衬度像,选区电子衍射花样由单晶斑点衍射花样变为多晶衍射环.这一现象的原因可能是气泡在电子束辐照过程中发生了放热反应,使气泡附近铝熔化后再结晶产生多晶,从而在电子衍射花样中观察到了多晶衍射环.然而,氦气泡在80 keV电子束辐照下氦气泡形貌和选区电子衍射花样保持不变,辐照后衍射花样中无多晶衍射环产生;氦氩混合气体气泡在200 keV电子束辐照下气泡形貌和选区电子衍射花样同样保持不变;这可能与电子束能量和气泡内气体压力有关.     

Intense short-pulse lasers irradiating wire and hollow plasma fibers

When an intense laser pulse irradiates a solid-density foil target, electrons produced at the relativistic critical density can be accelerated to relativistic energy by the ponderomotive force. When a plasma fiber is attached to the back of the foil, the produced relativistic electrons are guided to propagate along the fiber for a long distance, because the high-current electron beam induces strong radial electric fields in the fiber. Transport and heating of intense laser-driven relativistic electrons in both wire and hollow plasma fibers are compared theoretically and numerically. We found that the coupling efficiency from the laser to the plasma fiber depends on the fiber structure. Because of the enhanced return currents in the wire fiber, the temperature in the wire fiber is higher than that in the hollow fiber.     

Observation of synchrotron radiation from electrons accelerated in a petawatt-laser-generated plasma cavity

The dynamics of plasma electrons in the focus of a petawatt laser beam are studied via measurements of their x-ray synchrotron radiation. With increasing laser intensity, a forward directed beam of x rays extending to 50 keV is observed. The measured x rays are well described in the synchrotron asymptotic limit of electrons oscillating in a plasma channel. The critical energy of the measured synchrotron spectrum is found to scale as the Maxwellian temperature of the simultaneously measured electron spectra. At low laser intensity transverse oscillations are negligible as the electrons are predominantly accelerated axially by the laser generated wakefield. At high laser intensity, electrons are directly accelerated by the laser and enter a highly radiative regime with up to 5% of their energy converted into x rays.     

稠密热等离子体的电子传导不透明度研究

 采用相对论自洽场平均离子势模型，电子简并效应采用Fermi–Dirac分布描述，参数结构因子用来考虑离子结构的影响，电子对离子的散射截面采用分波分析，利用推广的Ziman公式对稠密热等离子体的电子传导不透明度作了大量计算，并将结果与实验值和其它理论值作了比较。     

Cold dense hydrogen in a strong magnetic field

The equation of state of a hydrogen plasma in a magnetic field that is quantizing for charged fermions is obtained within the framework of the statistical thermodynamics of systems in equilibrium for a model of extremely degenerate, ideal Fermi gases. Values of the mass density corresponding to nonrelativistic and relativistic electrons are considered, as well as densities exceeding the threshold for neutronization of cold, magnetized, electron-proton matter. Brest State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 57–59, October, 1997.     

稠密热等离子体的电子传导不透明度研究

采用相对论自洽场平均离子势模型,电子简并效应采用Fermi–Dirac分布描述,参数结构因子用来考虑离子结构的影响,电子对离子的散射截面采用分波分析,利用推广的Ziman公式对稠密热等离子体的电子传导不透明度作了大量计算,并将结果与实验值和其它理论值作了比较。     

Large-scale extragalactic jets powered by very-high-energy gamma rays

The radiative cooling of electrons responsible for the nonthermal synchrotron emission of large-scale jets of radiogalaxies and quasars requires quasicontinuous (in time and space) production of relativistic electrons throughout the jets over the scales exceeding 100 kpc. While in the standard paradigm of large-scale jets this implies in situ acceleration of electrons, we propose a different "nonacceleration" origin of these electrons, assuming that they are implemented all over the length of the jet through effective development of electromagnetic cascades initiated by extremely high-energy gamma rays injected into the jet from the central object.     

Bremsstrahlung of relativistic electrons accelerated in solar flares: The intensity and degree of polarization

The generation of bremsstrahlung by relativistic electrons accelerated in solar flares is considered. The electron distribution function is calculated numerically using the relativistic Fokker-Planck equation. The intensity and degree of polarization of hard X rays are calculated as functions of the energy, observation angle, and electron distributions in pitch angle and energy. The degree of polarization does not exceed 40% and depends most strongly on the observation angle and hardness of the electron energy spectra. The results of model computation are compared with data for solar flares observed July 23, 2002 and October 28, 2003.     

Relativistic study of electromagnetic electron cyclotron instability based on trapped electrons in kappa-Maxwellian auroral plasmas

The presence of relativistic electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere may excite EMEC waves via resonant interaction. The understanding of EMEC waves induced by such electrons requires relativistic treatment. Therefore, we present here the investigation of EMEC waves based on relativistic trapped electrons represented by kappa-Maxwellian distribution in auroral plasmas. The analytical expressions of real frequency and relativistic growth rate are derived. Our numerical outcomes report that relativistic approximation increases the wave growth and causes reduction in the threshold value of drift velocity of trapped electrons for instability. The wave frequency that corresponds to the maximum growth decreases as we go from nonrelativistic limit to relativistic. The maximum growth increases with the increment in plasma frequency, perpendicular thermal velocity, drift velocity of trapped electrons, and Lorentz factor γ. Moreover, the relativistic effects on maximum growth are more pronounced for smaller values of drift velocity and perpendicular thermal velocity.     

激光与相对论电子束相互作用中阿秒X射线脉冲的产生

本文对激光与相对论电子束相互作用产生的阿秒X射线脉冲进行了研究.阿秒X射线脉冲是由于激光被相对论运动的电子束经过汤姆孙后向散射产生的.讨论了等离子体参数对产生的阿秒X射线的影响.发现其波长随着入射激光的频率的增加或电子束的速度增加而减小.选择合适的参数还可以获得"水窗"波段的X射线.还讨论了相对论电子束的密度与其前沿的密度梯度的大小对所产生X射线的转化效率的影响. 关键词： 阿秒X射线脉冲 汤姆孙后向散射 超强激光 相对论电子束     

Relativistic warm plasma waveguide under the effects of plasma electrons and HF electrical field on Buneman instability

The stabilization effect of a strong HF (pump) electrical field and plasma electrons on a two-stream (Buneman) instability in a plane relativistic warm plasma waveguide is investigated; using the separation method to solve the two-fluid plasma model we separate the problem into two parts. The “temporal” (dynamical) part enables us to determine the frequencies and growth rates of unstable waves; this part within the redefinition of natural frequencies coincides with the system describing HF suppression of Buneman instability in uniform unbounded plasma. Natural frequencies of oscillations and spatial distribution of the amplitude of the self-consistent electrical field are determined from the solution of a boundary-value problem (“space part”) taking into account specific spatial distribution of plasma density. Plasma electrons are considered to have a relativistic thermal velocity. It is shown that the growth rate of instability in relativistic warm plasma is reduced compared to non-relativistic (cold or warm) plasma and relativistic cold plasma. In addition, it is found that the plasma electrons have no effect on the solution of the space part of the problem.     

Ion waves driven by shear flow in a relativistic degenerate astrophysical plasma

We investigate the existence and propagation of low-frequency (in comparison to ion cyclotron frequency) electrostatic ion waves in highly dense inhomogeneous astrophysical magnetoplasma comprising relativistic degenerate electrons and non-degenerate ions. The dispersion equation is obtained by Fourier analysis under mean-field quantum hydrodynamics approximation for various limits of the ratio of rest mass energy to Fermi energy of electrons, relevant to ultra-relativistic, weakly-relativistic and non-relativistic regimes. It is found that the system admits an oscillatory instability under certain condition in the presence of velocity shear parallel to ambient magnetic field. The dispersive role of plasma density and magnetic field is also discussed parametrically in the scenario of dense and degenerate astrophysical plasmas.     

EAST低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟及分析

介绍了波的射线轨迹程序C3PO和求解三维Fokker-Planck方程程序LUKE的基本计算过程及其物理机制.该程序采用的是反弹平均方法,考虑了相对论效应和捕获粒子效应.利用此程序模拟并分析了EAST偏滤器位形下等离子体电流对低杂波传播以及驱动效率的影响.计算结果表明,随着电流的增大,低杂波射线轨迹在极向的旋转加快,功...     

Interactions of ion acoustic multi-soliton and rogue wave with Bohm quantum potential in degenerate plasma

This work investigates the interactions among solitons and their consequences in the production of rogue waves in an unmagnetized plasmas composing non-relativistic as well as relativistic degenerate electrons and positrons, and inertial non-relativistic helium ions. The extended Poincare′–Lighthill–Kuo(PLK) method is employed to derive the two-sided Korteweg–de Vries(Kd V) equations with their corresponding phase shifts. The nonlinear Schr o¨dinger equation(NLSE) is obtained from the modified Kd V(m Kd V) equation, which allows one to study the properties of the rogue waves. It is found that the Fermi temperature and quantum mechanical effects become pronounced due to the quantum diffraction of electrons and positrons in the plasmas. The densities and temperatures of the helium ions, degenerate electrons and positrons, and quantum parameters strongly modify the electrostatic ion acoustic resonances and their corresponding phase shifts due to the interactions among solitons and produce rogue waves in the plasma.     

Ionization-induced electron trapping in ultrarelativistic plasma wakes

The onset of trapping of electrons born inside a highly relativistic, 3D beam-driven plasma wake is investigated. Trapping occurs in the transition regions of a Li plasma confined by He gas. Li plasma electrons support the wake, and higher ionization potential He atoms are ionized as the beam is focused by Li ions and can be trapped. As the wake amplitude is increased, the onset of trapping is observed. Some electrons gain up to 7.6 GeV in a 30.5 cm plasma. The experimentally inferred trapping threshold is at a wake amplitude of 36 GV/m, in good agreement with an analytical model and PIC simulations.     

Resonant diffusive radiation in random multilayered systems

We have theoretically shown that the yield of diffuse radiation generated by relativistic electrons passing random multilayered systems can be increased when a resonant condition is met. The resonant condition can be satisfied for the wavelength region representing visible light as well as soft X rays. The intensity of diffusive soft X rays for specific multilayered systems consisting of two components is compared with the intensity of Cherenkov radiation. For radiation at a photon energy of 99.4 eV, the intensity of resonant diffusive radiation (RDR) generated by 5-MeV electrons passing a Be/Si multilayer exceeds the intensity of Cherenkov radiation by a factor of ≈60 for electrons with the same energy passing a Si foil. For a photon energy of 453 eV and 13 MeV, electrons passing a Be/Ti multilayer generate RDR exceeding the Cherenkov radiation generated by electrons passing Ti foils by a factor ≈130.