活性氮与溴分子反应的实验研究

在流动反应管中, 利用高纯N₂空心阴极放电制备活性氮, 研究了活性氮与溴分子碰撞反应得到的发射光谱. 在540～800 nm波段观察到了较强的NBr(b¹Σ^＋→X³Σ^－)跃迁发射谱, 在292 nm处观察到了Br₂(D'→A')辐射跃迁. 实验结果表明, 得到的NBr(b¹Σ^＋)显示出了非弛豫的发射特征, 最高振动能级为ν'＝9. 激发态的NBr(b¹Σ^＋)是由活性氮中的N(²P)原子与Br₂直接反应生成的.     

新奇二茂铁甲基氮C60衍生物的合成、结构

尽管目前人们对富勒烯[C₆₀]的过渡金属有机物研究较多^[1],但通过氮卡宾方式连接的C₆₀二茂铁衍生物尚未见报道。鉴于对C₆₀反应的浓厚兴趣及二茂铁的广泛应用价值^[2]我们 利用C₆₀的缺电子性^[3]将其与二茂铁甲基氮卡宾进行[1+2]环加成反应,分离并表征了一种具有齿轮式结构的新奇C₆₀二茂铁衍生物(CpFeC₅H₄CH₂N)5C₆₀(l)。     

激光烧蚀Al+与乙醇团簇的反应研究

利用激光烧蚀-分子束法对Al等离子体与乙醇团簇的反应进行了研究.飞行时间质谱测得的主要反应产物有Al⁺(C₂H₅OH)_n (n=3～10)与H⁺(C₂H₅OH)_n (n=1～14)团簇正离子和(C₂H₅OH)_n(H₂O)OH^- (n=0～8)团簇负离子.实验发现,烧蚀产生的Al等离子体与脉冲分子束的不同位置反应,对团簇离子的类别、大小及强度分布均产生很大影响.Al等离子体与脉冲分子束的前段反应,主要产生金属-复合物团簇离子Al⁺(C₂H₅OH)_n,且信号较强;Al等离子体与脉冲分子束的中段及后段反应,主要产生质子化团簇离子H⁺(C₂H₅OH)_n和团簇负离子(C₂H₅OH)_n(H₂O)OH^-,同时还出现强度较小的其他水合团簇离子,如H⁺(H₂O)m(C₂H₅OH)_n (m=1～2)等.     

新型富勒烯C60有机钴配合物(η2-C60)(η5-RC5H4)CoPPh3 (R=H,CO2Et)的合成及性质研究

鉴于富勒烯C₆₀所具有的缺电子烯烃的特性¹以及CpCo(PPh₃)₂可与烯或炔反应生成钴杂环有机化合物,^2,3 因此我们设想如果用C₆₀代替烯、炔,令其与η⁵-RC₅H₄Co(PPh₃)₂(1) 或η⁵-RC₅H₄Co(PPh₃)(PhC≡CPh)(2)反应,则应得到一类新型的富勒烯C₆₀有机钴杂环化合物。然而与这一设想不同的是,上述反应并未得到预期的C₆₀钴杂环有机物,所得到的却是另一类新型的有机钴C₆₀衍生物(η²-C₆₀)(η⁵-RC₅H₄)CoPPh₃(3).此外,我们发现当3或2同I₂反应时,可生成C₆₀或PhC≡CPh配体被I₂置换产物η⁵-RC₅H₄Co(PPh₃)I₂(4)。     

氟氯酰与丙烷反应的密度泛函理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT), 对氟氯酰(ClF₃O)引发丙烷(C₃H₈)反应生成C₃H₇自由基或丙醇等产物的机理进行了研究. 在B3PW91/6-311＋＋G(d,p)水平上优化了9个不同反应通道上各驻点物(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的几何构型, 并计算了它们的振动频率和零点振动能. 通过零点能校正计算了各反应路径的活化能, 并应用过渡态理论计算了各反应路径常温下的速率常数k. 计算结果表明: ClF₃O与C₃H₈反应可经过不同路径生成HF, C₃H₇自由基和C1F₂O自由基或C₃H₇OH和ClF₃. 其中, 最可几反应路径为ClF₃O分子的中间位F原子进攻丙烷β位H原子的反应, 活化能仅为7.54 kJ/mol, 速率常数为0.153×10⁶ mol^－1•dm³•s^－1.     

激光诱导的亚硝酸与二苯醚的反应机理

355 nm光照下利用瞬态吸收光谱技术进行了有氧、无氧条件下二苯醚与亚硝酸体系的反应机理研究, 考察了其中瞬态物种的衰减行为, 并对其光解产物进行了GC-MS分析. 研究表明, HNO₂在355 nm紫外光的照射下产生的OH自由基和二苯醚反应生成C₁₂H₁₀O-OH 加合物, N₂条件下C₁₂H₁₀O-OH衰减的速率常数为(1.86±0.14)×10⁵ s^－1, 在有氧条件下, C₁₂H₁₀O-OH可转化为C₁₂H₁₀O-OHO₂, 衰减的速率常数为(6.6±0.4)×10⁶ s^－1. N₂条件下最终产物为苯酚、2-羟基二苯醚、4-羟基二苯醚、4-硝基二苯醚.     

加入内标物求解二苯醚OH加合物生成速率常数

往二苯醚(C₁₂H₁₀O)-HNO₂体系中加入内标物苯(C₆H₆), 借助苯和二苯醚与•OH自由基之间的竞争反应, 分析355 nm激光闪光光解C₁₂H₁₀O-C₆H₆-HNO₂体系的衰减动力学曲线, 结合C₁₂H₁₀O-OH adduct的衰减速率常数逆推C₁₂H₁₀O-OH adduct的生成反应速率常数. 借助一种近似方法——微扰论, 通过对＞340 nm处衰减曲线的拟合, 得到C₁₂H₁₀O-OH adduct的生成速率常数为(1.8±0.8)×10¹⁰ L•mol^－1•s^－1.     

(烷基环戊二烯基)环戊二烯基二氯化钛的合成与反应

Richard在1959年合成了第一个环戊二烯基(取代环戊二烯基)钛衍生物,(CH₃C₅H₄)(C₅H₅)T1Cl₂^[1].我们曾报道了环戊二烯基(烯烃基环戊二烯基)二卤化钛的合成和反应^[2]。     

噻吩光解反应机理的理论研究

使用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法, 采用6-31G**和6-31＋＋G**基组, 对噻吩的光解反应进行了理论研究. 对照实验结果, 我们研究了五个光解通道, 包括生成C₄H₄＋S, C₂H₂＋C₂H₂S和CS＋C₃H₄的三个闭壳层分子解离通道与生成HCS＋C₃H₃和HS＋C₄H₃的自由基解离通道. 各个可能的反应通道的产物碎片的具体形式得到了确认. 研究发现在基态生成C₂H₂＋C₂H₂S和在最低三态生成C₄H₄＋S的反应从能量上考虑最为有利, 而实验上观测到的主要产物C₂H₂＋C₂H₂S主要是在基态上产生的. 通过对比实验结果与计算结果, 我们认为噻吩光解反应机理与所用激发光波长有关.     

Al+与乙硫醇团簇的气相化学反应的实验和理论研究

利用激光溅射-分子束的方法研究了Al⁺和乙硫醇的气相化学反应,结果观察到了Al⁺与1～6个乙硫醇分子形成的团簇离子. 对团簇离子进行了密度泛函理论计算,找到了两种类型的异构体Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)_n和HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)_n-1,计算得到了相应的稳定结构和能量.分析质谱信号强度,结合理论计算结果,可推测出实验得到的n=1的产物离子是Al⁺(C₂H₅SH). n=2和3时产物离子开始转变为HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)_n-1, n=4时,HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)₃和Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)₄两种产物离子都存在,n≥5以后,团簇离子Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)_n开始成为主要的产物离子.     

Theoretical studies on structures and electronic spectra of linear carbon chains C2nH+ (n = 1−5)

The density functional theory (DFT) and the complete active space self‐consistent‐field (CASSCF) method have been used for full geometry optimization of carbon chains C_2nH⁺ (n = 1–5) in their ground states and selected excited states, respectively. Calculations show that C_2nH⁺ (n = 1–5) have stable linear structures with the ground state of X³Π for C₂H⁺ or X³Σ^? for other species. The excited‐state properties of C_2nH⁺ have been investigated by the multiconfigurational second‐order perturbation theory (CASPT2), and predicted vertical excitation energies show good agreement with the available experimental values. On the basis of our calculations, the unsolved observed bands in previous experiments have been interpreted. CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations also have been used to explore the vertical emission energy of selected low‐lying states in C_2nH⁺ (n = 1–5). Present results indicate that the predicted vertical excitation and emission energies of C_2nH⁺ have similar size dependences, and they gradually decrease as the chain size increases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009     

Luminescence in near-thermal charge exchange. III. CH(+) and CD(+) A → X emission from He+ C2H2 and He+ + C2D2

A pulsed ICR cell fitted with synchronous photon counting equipment is used to investigate the emission produced between 185 and 500 nm by near-thermal charge exchange between He⁺ and C₂H₂ (C₂D₂). The emission bands observed are A ²Δ → X²π and (weakly) B²Σ^? → X²π in CH(CD) and A ¹π → X¹Σ in CH⁺(CD⁺). Wavelength measurements on the bandheads of the (0,0) and (0,1) bands of CD⁺ A → X are used to evaluate vibrational constants of CH⁺(CD⁺) X¹Σ⁺. The results are (in cm^?1): ω_e = 2869 ± 27 (2106 ± 20); ω_eχ_e = 65 ± 13 (35 ± 7). These constants are used to calculate Morse-potential Franck—Condon factors and vibrational branching ratios for CH⁺ and CD⁺ A → X emission. The spectral distributions and the (relatively low) absolute emission rates produced by He⁺/C₂H₂(C₂D₂) charge exchange are briefly discussed in the light of presently available information on the charge transfer reaction and on the excited states of C₂H_2?⁺     

The energy balance and branching ratios associated with the chemiluminescent reaction Si(3P) + N2O(1Σ) → SiO*(a3Σ+, b3Π, A1Π) + N2(υ″ ⩾ 5) — possible formation of vibrationally excited N2

Silicon atoms react under single collision conditions with N₂O to yield chemiluminescent emission corresponding to the SiO a³Σ⁺?X¹Σ⁺ and b³Π?X¹Σ⁺ intercombination systems and the A¹Π?X¹Σ⁺ band system. A most striking feature of the SiN₂O reaction is the energy balance associated with the formation of SiO product molecules in the A¹Π and b³Π states. A significant energy discrepancy ( = 10000 cm^? = 1.24 eV) is found between the available energy to populate the highest energetically accessible excited-state quantum levels and the highest quantum level from which emission is observed. It is suggested that this discrepancy may result from the formation of vibrationally excited N₂ in a concerted fast SiN₂O reactive encounter. Emission from the SiO a³Σ⁺ (A¹Π) and b³Π(A¹Π, E¹Σ₀⁺) triplet-state manifold results primarily from intensity borrowing involving the indicated singlet states. Perturbation calculations indicate the magnitude of the mixing between the b³Π, A¹Π and E¹Σ₀⁺ states ranges between 0.5 and 2%. On the basis of these calculations, the branching ratio (excited triplet)/(excited singlet) is found to be well in excess of 500. An approximate vibrational population distribution is deduced for those molecules formed in the b³Π state. The present studies are correlated with those of previous workers in order to provide an explanation for diverse relaxation effects as well as observed changes in the ratio of a³Σ⁺ to b³Π emission as a function of pressure and experimental environment. Some of these effects are attributable to a strong coupling between the a³Σ⁺ and b³Π state. Based on the current results, there appears to be little correlation between either (1) the branching ratio for excited state formation or (2) the total absolute cross section for excited-state formation and (3) the measured quantum yield for the SiN₂O reaction. Implications for chemical laser development are considered.     

激发态Ti＋(3d14s2)与丙炔醇气相反应理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函(DFT)方法研究了激发态Ti^＋(3d¹4s²)与丙炔醇(PPA)气相反应的机理. 在B3LYP/DZVP水平上, 优化了反应的两个通道的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型, 并在MP4/[6-311＋G**(C,H,O)＋Lanl2dz (Ti)]水平上计算了各驻点的单点能量. 为了确证过渡态的真实性, 在B3LYP/DZVP水平上进行了内禀坐标(IRC)计算和频率分析, 获得了二重态反应势能面, 确定了反应机理. 研究结果表明生成产物为[C₃H₃O]^＋和Ti—H的通道是主要反应途径.     

Multireference configuration interaction study on spectroscopic parameters and molecular constants of PO and PO+

The highly accurate valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach has been employed to investigate the potential energy curves (PECs) for the X²Π, b⁴Σ^?, C²Σ^? states of PO and the X¹Σ⁺ state of PO⁺. For these electronic states, the spectroscopic parameters of the isotopes (P¹⁶O, P¹⁸O, P¹⁶O⁺, and P¹⁸O⁺) have been determined and compared with those of the investigations reported in the literature. The comparison shows that excellent agreement exists between the present results and the available experiments. With the PECs determined here, the first 30 vibrational states for P¹⁶O(X²Π, b⁴Σ^?), P¹⁸O(X²Π, b⁴Σ^?), P¹⁶O⁺(X¹Σ⁺), and P¹⁸O⁺(X¹Σ⁺) are computed when the rotational quantum number J equals zero (J = 0). The vibrational level G(υ), inertial rotation constant B_υ and centrifugal distortion constant D_υ are determined when J = 0. All the results of vibrational states except for P¹⁶O (X²Π) are reported for the first time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011     

Yields of singlet nitrenes from halogen atom—azide molecule reactions

Chemiluminescence from the a¹Δ and b¹Σ⁺ excited electronic states of nitrogen halide diatomics is observed when HN₃ is allowed to react with mixtures of halogen atoms in a discharge-flow apparatus. Excited NF (a¹Δ) is produced by the F + HN₃ reaction, and NCl (a¹Δ, b¹Σ⁺) and NBr (a¹Δ, b¹Σ⁺) are produced by the F, Cl, + HN₃ and F, Br + HN₃ reactions, respectively. In the low-density limit, the yield of NF(a¹Δ) was found to be near unity. The yields of the b¹Σ⁺ states of NCl and NBr were determined to have a lower limit of ca. 10%. A number of results from these experiments, including direct observation of N₃ radicals in the flow, support a hypothetical mechanism in which N₃ acts as an intermediate. A second possible mechanism proceeding via an HNF intermediate cannot be ruled out.     

The kinetics of free radicals generated by IR laser photolysis. II. Reactions of C2(X 1Σ+g), C2(a 3Πu), C3(X̄ 1Σ+g) and CN(X 2Σ+) with O2

The 300 K reactions of O₂ with C₂(X ¹Σ⁺_g), C₂(a ³ Π_u), C₃(X? ¹Σ⁺_g) and CN(X ²Σ⁺), which are generated via IR multiple photon dissociation (MPD), are reported. From the spectrally resolved chemiluminescence produced via the IR MPD of C₂H₃CN in the presence of O₂, CO molecules in the a ³Σ⁺, d ³Δ_i, and e ³Σ^? states were identified, as well as CH(A ²Δ) and CN(B ²Σ⁺) radicals. Observation of time resolved chemiluminescence reveals that the electronically excited CO molecules are formed via the single-step reactions C₂(X ¹Σ⁺_g, a ³Π_u) + O₂ → CO(X ¹Σ⁺ + CO(T), where T denotes are electronically excited triplet state of CO. The rate coefficients for the removal of C₂(X ¹Σ⁺_g) and C₂(a ³Π_u) by O₂ were determined both from laser induced fluorescence of C₂(X ¹Σ⁺_g) and C₂(a ³Π_u), and from the time resolved chemiluminescence from excited CO molecules, and are both (3.0 ± 0.2)10^?12 cm³ molec^?1 s^?1. The rate coefficient of the reaction of C₃ with O₂, which was determined using the IR MPD of allene as the source of C₃ molecules, is <2 × 10^?14 cm³ molec^?1 s^?1. In addition, we find that rate coefficients for C₃ reactions with N₂, NO, CH₄, and C₃H₆ are all < × 10^?14 cm³ molec^?1 s^?1. Excited CH molecules are produced in a reaction which proceeds with a rate coefficient of (2.6 ± 0.2)10^?11 cm³ molec^?1 s^?1. Possible reactions which may be the source of these radicals are discussed. The reaction of CN with O₂ produces NCO in vibrationally excited states. Radiative lifetime of the ā ²Σ state of NCo and the ā ¹Π_u(000) state of C₃ are reported.     

Theoretical study of electronic structure of rhodium mononitride and interpretation of experimental spectra

Potential energy curves of 22 electronic states of RhN have been calculated by the complete active space second‐order perturbation theory method. The X¹Σ₀⁺ is assigned as the ground state, and the first excited state a³Π₀+ is 978 cm^?1 higher. The ¹Δ(I) and B¹Σ⁺ states are located at 9521 and 13,046 cm^?1 above the ground state, respectively. The B¹Σ⁺ state should be the excited state located 12,300 cm^?1 above the ground state in the experimental study. Moreover, two excited states, C¹Π and b³Σ⁺, are found 14,963 and 15,082 cm^?1 above the X¹Σ⁺ state, respectively. The transition C¹Π₁–X¹Σ₀⁺ may contribute to the experimentally observed bands headed at 15,071 cm^?1. There are two excited states, D¹Δ and E¹Σ⁺, situate at 20,715 and 23,145 cm^?1 above the X¹Σ⁺ state. The visible bands near 20,000 cm^?1 could be generated by the electronic transitions D¹Δ₂–a³Π₁ and E¹Σ⁺₀–X¹Σ⁺₀ because of the spin–orbit coupling effect. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

150−230 nm Chemiluminescence from C,CN and CO and observation of C(3P, 1D) in the N/C2F4 and N/O2/C2F4 reactions

Addition of C₂F₄ to a flowing nitrogen afterglow gives rise to CN(E²ΣA²Π, X²Σ), CN(F² ΔA²Π) and C (156.1, 165.5 and 193.0 nm) chemiluminescence. Transitions have been observed from CN(E²Σ) up to ν′ = 2 from which vibrational constants for this state have been recalculated to be ω_eχ_e = 13.8 cm^?1 and ω_e = 1698.4 cm^?1. Ground state and metasrable C(³P, ¹D) have been detected and studied via resonance fluorescence. Addition of O₂ to the N/C₂F₄ reaction system reduces C and CN emission intensities and [C] while giving rise to CO(a³Π-X¹Σ), CO(A¹ΠX¹Σ) and NO(B²ΠX²Π) emission. Probable excitation mechanisms are discussed.     

The A 1Π(u)←X 1Σ Electronic Transition of CCN+ and CNC+

The electronic absorption spectra of the A ¹Π_(u)←X ¹Σ transition of CCN⁺ and CNC⁺ have been observed in a 5 K Ne matrix after mass selection of C₂N⁺. CCN⁺ has the origin band at 462.0(2) nm. The vibrational structure with frequencies 1223(20) and 1725(20) cm⁻¹ corresponds to the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes in the excited state. The origin band of CNC⁺ is observed at 325.7(2) nm, and the system shows extensive vibrational excitation. Calculations of the potential energy functions of CCN⁺ and CNC⁺ in their X ¹Σ ground state and the A ¹Π state of CCN⁺ followed by variational evaluation of the rovibronic energy levels allows the assignment of the observed spectra. These spectroscopic data open the way to gas‐phase studies of the astrophysically important C₂N⁺ ions.