定荷载和双面排水条件下非饱和土一维固结的解析解

基于多孔介质弹性理论,结合粒间吸应力表示的有效应力原理,建立了非饱和土固结的耦合偏微分控制方程.考虑一维问题,采用Laplace积分变换,得到了定荷载和双面排水条件下非饱和土固结的解析解答.通过数值算例,分析了土体饱和度对超孔隙水压力、有效应力以及土层沉降的影响规律.结果表明,土体的初始饱和度越高,则孔隙水压力消散得越快,有效应力增加越快.     

On the infiltration of rain water through the soil with runoff of the excess water

This paper deals with the modelling of the rain water infiltration through the soil above the aquifer in case of runoff of the excess water. The main feature of the model lies on the correct definition of the boundary condition on the ground surface. The latter allows to estimate, after saturation, the real amount of the water that penetrates the soil and the one which runs off. The quantity playing a key role is the so-called rain pressure, defined as the pressure exerted by the rain on the soil. Although its importance is basically theoretical and it can be neglected for practical purposes, it helps understanding the real evolution of the physical problem, providing a theoretical justification of the empirical procedures.     

非饱和土壤水—维水平运动方程的拟解析解及其验证*

本文讨论了土壤水—维不饱和水平流方程的解析解问题.文中首先根据土壤水扩散率D与土壤含水量θ之间的经验关系.对原土壤水—维不饱和流方程作变量代换,将方程变为易于求解的形式,然后采用变量分离的方法并结合Boltzmann变换法进行求解.从而得出了解析表达式.同时这个解析解在土壤水—维水平不饱和流实验中得到了验证,从而证明了其解析表达式的正确性。     

Integrable Discrete Model for One‐Dimensional Soil Water Infiltration

We propose an integrable discrete model of one‐dimensional soil water infiltration. This model is based on the continuum model by Broadbridge and White, which takes the form of nonlinear convection–diffusion equation with a nonlinear flux boundary condition at the surface. It is transformed to the Burgers equation with a time‐dependent flux term by the hodograph transformation. We construct a discrete model preserving the underlying integrability, which is formulated as the self‐adaptive moving mesh scheme. The discretization is based on linearizability of the Burgers equation to the linear diffusion equation, but the naïve discretization based on the Euler scheme which is often used in the theory of discrete integrable systems does not necessarily give a good numerical scheme. Taking desirable properties of a numerical scheme into account, we propose an alternative discrete model that produces solutions with similar accuracy to direct computation on the original nonlinear equation, but with clear benefits regarding computational cost.     

Infiltration in soils with prescribed Boundary concentration

A nonlinear Burgers' model is used to describe vertical infiltration of water into a non-swelling soil with prescribed concentration conditions at the boundary. The exact solution is constructed in terms of a series involving complementary error integrals.     

Group theoretic approach for solving the problem of diffusion of a drug through a thin membrane

The transformation group theoretic approach is applied to study the diffusion process of a drug through a skin-like membrane which tends to partially absorb the drug. Two cases are considered for the diffusion coefficient. The application of one parameter group reduces the number of independent variables by one, and consequently the partial differential equation governing the diffusion process with the boundary and initial conditions is transformed into an ordinary differential equation with the corresponding conditions. The obtained differential equation is solved numerically using the shooting method, and the results are illustrated graphically and in tables.     

Iterative solution of a singular convection-diffusion perturbation problem

An iterative domain decomposition method is developed to solve a singular perturbation problem. The problem consists of a convection-diffusion equation with a discontinuous (piecewise-constant) diffusion coefficient, and the problem domain is decomposed into two subdomains, on each of which the coefficient is constant. After showing that the boundary value problem is well posed, we indicate a specific numerical implementation of the iterative technique that combines the finite element method on one subdomain with the method of matched asymptotic expansions on the other subdomain. This procedure extends work by Carlenzoli and Quarteroni, which was originally intended for a boundary layer problem with an outer region and an inner region. Our extension carries over to a problem where the domain consists of the outer and inner boundary layer regions plus a region in which the diffusion coefficient is constant and significant in magnitude. An unexpected benefit of our new implementation is its efficiency, which is due to the fact that at each iteration the problem needs to be solved explicitly only on one subdomain. It is only when the final approximation on the entire domain is desired that the matched asymptotic expansions approximation need be computed on the second subdomain. Two-dimensional convergence results and numerical results illustrating the method for a two-dimensional test problem are given.     

Iterative solution of a singular convection-diffusion perturbation problem

An iterative domain decomposition method is developed to solve a singular perturbation problem. The problem consists of a convection-diffusion equation with a discontinuous (piecewise-constant) diffusion coefficient, and the problem domain is decomposed into two subdomains, on each of which the coefficient is constant. After showing that the boundary value problem is well posed, we indicate a specific numerical implementation of the iterative technique that combines the finite element method on one subdomain with the method of matched asymptotic expansions on the other subdomain. This procedure extends work by Carlenzoli and Quarteroni, which was originally intended for a boundary layer problem with an outer region and an inner region. Our extension carries over to a problem where the domain consists of the outer and inner boundary layer regions plus a region in which the diffusion coefficient is constant and significant in magnitude. An unexpected benefit of our new implementation is its efficiency, which is due to the fact that at each iteration the problem needs to be solved explicitly only on one subdomain. It is only when the final approximation on the entire domain is desired that the matched asymptotic expansions approximation need be computed on the second subdomain. Two-dimensional convergence results and numerical results illustrating the method for a two-dimensional test problem are given.Received: February 12, 2004     

矿区土壤中含水率及重金属迁移转化的数值模拟

本文基于由连续性方程和达西定律所推出的土壤中水分运动基本方程,以一维垂向水分方程为研究对象,构造稳定收敛的有限差分格式,运用MATLAB数学工具,对地面饱水情况下土壤水分运动的一维垂向方程进行了数值模拟,得到了土壤中水分的迁移规律;同时,综合考虑对流扩散作用以及土壤对重金属的吸附解吸作用,利用非饱和土壤中重金属离子迁移转化模型,对锌离子在矿区土壤中的迁移转化进行了数值模拟,展示了锌离子在矿区土壤中的浓度分布规律．     

Numerical Analysis of Time Fractional-Order Unsaturated Flow and Its Application北大核心CSCD

非饱和渗流过程的数值模拟对土质边坡稳定性分析、地下污染物迁移模拟等众多领域有着重要的意义。Richards方程由于其普遍适用性被广泛地应用,然而Richards方程所描述的渗流过程并未考虑在自然环境和实验中存在的反常扩散现象。针对这一问题,该文结合Caputo导数得到了具有更广泛渗流意义的时间分数阶Richards方程,采用有限差分法得到其离散格式并采用Picard法迭代求解,以及对分数阶参数和土水特征曲线进行了敏感性分析。最后,结合土柱入渗实验数据,比较了不同土水特征曲线下时间分数阶Richards方程得到的数值解。结果表明,VGM模型的时间分数阶Richards方程与实测数据具有更好的拟合效果,能够更好地描述地下水在非饱和土中的渗流过程。     

Uncertainty analysis of transport of water and pesticide in an unsaturated layered soil profile using fuzzy set theory

Incomplete information is notoriously common in planning soil and groundwater remediation. For making decisions groundwater flow and transport models are commonly used. However, uncertainty in prediction arises due to imprecise information on flow and transport parameters like saturated/unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention curve parameters, precipitation and evapo-transpiration rates as well as factors governing the fate of pollutant in soil like dispersion, diffusion, degradation and chemical transformation. Different methods exist for quantifying uncertainty, e.g. first and second order Taylor’s Series and Monte-Carlo method. In this paper, a methodology based on fuzzy set theory is presented to express imprecision of input data, in terms of fuzzy number, to quantify the uncertainty in prediction. The application of the fuzzy set theory is demonstrated through pesticide (endosulfan) transport in an unsaturated layered soil profile. The governing partial differential equation along with fuzzy inputs, results in a non-linear optimization problem. The solution gives complete membership functions for flow (suction head) and pesticide concentration in soil column.     

Hydraulic hysteresis effects on the coupled flow–deformation processes in unsaturated soils: Numerical formulation and slope stability analysis

The hysteresis of water retention curve has a profound influence on the coupled hydro-mechanical behaviors in unsaturated soils, but numerical implementation with consideration of this property was rarely reported due to the difficulties in the integration of the coupled constitutive models. In this study, a numerical formulation is proposed for modeling the coupled flow–deformation processes with hydraulic hysteresis. A return mapping scheme is developed to integrate the water retention curve model with hydraulic hysteresis and the elasto-plastic model simultaneously within a time step, and the deformation-dependent nature of the water retention curve is considered rigorously by modifying the coefficient matrices in the discretized governing equations. The performance and efficiency of the proposed numerical formulation is validated by two existing laboratory tests and a computational example, demonstrating better performance and convergence of the proposed formulation. The proposed procedure is then applied for modeling the coupled flow–deformation processes in a soil slope under rain infiltration. The simulated results reveal the significant effects of hydraulic hysteresis on the coupled water–air two-phase flow and elasto-plastic deformation processes. The solid deformation and the evolution of the shear band would be remarkably overestimated, and the slope failure would be early predicted when neglecting hydraulic hysteresis.     

A note on separation of variables solutions of generalized nonlinear diffusion equations

In this letter we show how more cases of the generalized nonlinear diffusion equation that contain separable solutions to those found by Zhang et al. (2002, 2003) via the generalized conditional symmetries method, can be found. Importantly we demonstrate with an example that can be used to describe water flow in unsaturated soil, and which can provide new insights when plant-root uptake is affected by water speed.     

非饱和土一维固结的半解析解

首先对Fredlund的非饱和土一维固结理论进行简化,由得到的液相及气相的控制方程、Darcy定律及Fick定律,经Laplace变换及Cayley-Hamilton定理构造了顶面状态向量与任意深度处状态向量间的传递关系;通过引入边界条件,得到了大面积瞬时加荷情况多种边界条件下Laplace变换域内的超孔隙水压力、 超孔隙气压力及土层沉降的解;采用Crump方法编制程序实现Laplace逆转换,得到了时间域内的超孔隙水压力、超孔隙气压力、土层沉降的半解析解;引用典型算例,对单面排水排气情况,与已有的解析解进行对比,验证其正确性;对单面排气不排水情况,与差分法结果进行对比进一步证明半解析解的正确性,并进行固结特性分析．该研究对非饱和土一维固结的研究具有重要的意义．     

Unsteady state mathematical model of chemically reactive pollutants from an instantaneous line source into a stable atmospheric boundary layer

A time dependent atmospheric model represented for chemically reactive primary pollutants emitted from an elevated line source into a stable atmospheric boundary layer over a surface terrain. The model obtained from an analytical solution of the atmospheric diffusion equation with the quadratic diffusion coefficient (exchange coefficient) and the variable wind velocity taken to be of three different types’ viz. constant, constant shear and parabolic functions of vertical height. The pollutants considered to be of chemically reactive primary pollutants emitted from a time-dependent line source of Instantaneous type. In order to facilitate the application of the model the results for the general situation that includes chemical reaction rate & time dependent source incorporated in the model.     

Gas injection into a moist porous medium with the formation of a gas hydrate

The model problem of the formation of a gas hydrate when a gas is injected into a porous medium, filled in the initial state with a gas and water, is considered in the one-dimensional approximation. A detailed pattern of the seepage flow with phase transitions for different modes of gas injection is obtained. Three seepage modes in a porous medium are possible, which differ qualitatively in the temperature and hydrate saturation fields. At low boundary pressures no hydrate is formed and the temperature distribution increases monotonically. As the boundary pressure increases, when the corresponding values of the pressure and temperature on the phase diagram lie in the region of gas-hydrate stability (below the equilibrium curve), a purely frontal pattern of hydrate formation is obtained with a monotonic temperature distribution. When the boundary pressure is increased further, an extended region of hydrate formation appears with a convex temperature profile, where, depending on the values of the boundary pressure, the hydrate saturation may be continuous (at high boundary pressures) or change abruptly at lower boundary pressures.     

有界域上具有部分耗散和磁扩散的二维磁流体方程的全局适定性

探究了具有部分耗散和磁扩散的二维不可压缩磁流体(MHD)方程的初边值问题.在有界区域上,当系统的各个方向上的耗散系数和磁扩散系数都非负时,我们得到了该模型的强解是整体存在且唯一的.此外,对周期域而言,其解仍是全局适定的.     

Solving a nonlinear inverse Robin problem through a linear Cauchy problem

ABSTRACT

Considered in this paper is an inverse Robin problem governed by a steady-state diffusion equation. By the Robin inverse problem, one wants to recover the unknown Robin coefficient on an inaccessible boundary from Cauchy data measured on the accessible boundary. In this paper, instead of reconstructing the Robin coefficient directly, we compute first the Cauchy data on the inaccessible boundary which is a linear inverse problem, and then compute the Robin coefficient through Newton's law. For the Cauchy problem, a parameter-dependent coupled complex boundary method (CCBM) is applied. The CCBM has its own merits, and this is particularly true when it is applied to the Cauchy problem. With the introduction of a positive parameter, we can prove the regularized solution is uniformly bounded with respect to the regularization parameter which is a very good property because the solution can now be reconstructed for a rather small value of the regularization parameter. For the problem of computing the Robin coefficient from the recovered Cauchy data, a least square output Tikhonov regularization method is applied to Newton's law to obtain a stable approximate Robin coefficient. Numerical results are given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

The uniqueness of the solution to the diffusion equation with a damping term

Consider a non-linear diffusion equation with a damping term. If the diffusion coefficient is positive, then the solutions are not unique generally. However, if the diffusion coefficient degenerates, the situation may change. In this paper, not only the existence of the weak solution is established, but also the uniqueness of the weak solutions is proved, even the boundary value condition is not imposed. The conclusions imply that, on the boundary, the degeneracy of diffusion coefficient can eliminate the action from the damping term.     

A One‐dimensional flow problem in porous media with hydrophile grains

We study a free boundary problem describing the propagation of the wetting front following the injection of a liquid into a porous medium with hydrophile granules. The absorption process produces a non‐local interaction with the flow so that the porosity appearing in the parabolic equation for pressure is a functional of saturation and of the free boundary. Our analysis is confined to the unsaturated regime, which is the first stage of the process. An existence theorem is proved. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.