A model of fracture in reinforced concrete arches based on lumped damage mechanics

A simplified model of cracking and damage in RC circular elements is proposed. The model can be used for the structural assessment of arches and rings. The constitutive equations are based on lumped damage mechanics which is an adaptation of fracture and continuum damage mechanics to the theory of frames with plastic hinges. An arch element is assumed to be the assemblage of an elastic circular component and two inelastic hinges where the main inelastic effects, plastic yielding of the longitudinal reinforcement and concrete cracking, are concentrated. Deformations in the elastic part are assumed to be small but the model may include some geometrically nonlinear effects due to large displacements or rotations of the hinges. The numerical examples presented in the paper show that the model describes correctly the global behavior of two structures including the softening phase.     

On materially and geometrically non-linear analysis of reinforced concrete planar frames

A family of new beam finite elements for geometrically and materially non-linear static analysis of reinforced concrete planar frames is derived, in which strain measures are the only interpolated unknowns, and where the constitutive and equilibrium internal forces are equal at integration points. The strain-localization caused by the strain-softening at cross-sections is resolved by the introduction of a `short constant-strain element'. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results on planar frames in pre- and post-critical states show both good accuracy and computational efficiency of the present formulation.     

一个新的钢筋混凝土损伤塑性模型

为了准确、高效地对拆除爆破工程进行数值模拟,考虑钢筋混凝土受拉刚化效应以及配筋率对受拉刚化效应的影响和受压箍筋约束效应,采用组合模量的方法给出了一个简化的钢筋混凝土本构关系,在LS-DYNA有限元软件中的混凝土损伤塑性模型的基础上,通过参数修改建立新的钢筋混凝土损伤塑性模型模拟来钢筋混凝土。在实验验证的基础上,采用钢筋混凝土损伤塑性等效模型对一双切口钢筋混凝土烟囱延时爆破拆除效果进行数值模拟,数值模拟结果表明该模型可以准确反映烟囱倒塌破坏及运动过程。

     

基于单弹簧联结单元法的钢筋混凝土梁损伤模拟

钢筋混凝土梁的损伤模拟的重难点在于描述两种材料非线性的本构关系以及钢筋混凝土粘结滑移关系非线性的描述,采用单弹簧联结单元法模拟钢筋和混凝土相互作用,结合混凝土四参数损伤模型,模拟钢筋混凝土结构多轴应力状态下从开始加载到结构破坏的全过程。数值算例不仅体现该方法的有效性,也具有重要的工程实践意义。     

基于能量耗散分析的混凝土随机疲劳损伤模型

基于微-细观随机断裂模型(MMSF)发展了一类混凝土随机疲劳损伤模型。该模型将MMSF中的微弹簧视为一能量耗散单元并考察了其跨尺度的能量耗散过程。在纳观尺度,引入速率过程理论描述裂纹的扩展速度,并基于裂纹层级模型和自相似假定完成从纳观尺度到微观尺度的过渡。由此建立了微弹簧在疲劳荷载作用下的多尺度耗能描述。此外,为了考虑疲劳加载中混凝土多条裂纹的相互影响,引入了包含损伤扩展效应和损伤愈合效应的疲劳损伤因子来修正耗能表达。通过与相关试验的对比,证明了该模型能反映疲劳荷载作用下混凝土的主要力学行为,如疲劳损伤三阶段特点、疲劳寿命的离散性和疲劳寿命随加载频率的变化趋势等。     

基于固定角软化桁架模型的钢筋混凝土

在固定角软化桁架模型的基础上,提出了钢筋混凝土构件在纯扭作用下的非线性分析方法。根据平衡条件、变形协调条件和材料本构关系,推导出16个方程,其中包含20个变量。而后根据扭转问题的特点,提出了求解这些方程的有效算法。该方法不仅可以预测受扭构件的极限强度,而且可以预测其开裂后的荷载-变形历史。通过对63个试件的计算验证,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

接触爆炸荷载对钢筋混凝土梁的局部毁伤效应

为得到接触爆炸下钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete,RC）梁的局部破坏模式和毁伤效应,对同一尺寸的RC梁进行了不同装药量的接触爆炸试验研究。试验中采用框架结构中典型工程尺度RC原型梁为研究对象,通过4次爆炸试验,观测了RC梁在不同装药量下的局部破坏模式和破坏特征,分析了装药量对局部毁伤效应的影响。研究结果表明：接触爆炸荷载作用下,RC梁将发生正面成坑、侧面崩落、背面震塌和截面冲切等局部破坏模式,爆坑深度、震塌厚度、表面毁伤面积以及受压区纵筋变形均与装药量立方根近似呈线性增加关系。在试验数据基础上,将RC梁局部毁伤程度划分为轻度毁伤、中度毁伤、重度毁伤和严重毁伤4个等级,采用比例装药量判据进行评估。研究成果可为抗爆结构设计和结构毁伤评估提供理论依据。

     

Nonlinear damage model for seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete frame members and structures

A nonlinear damage model based on the combination of deformation and hysteretic energy and its validation with experiments are presented. Also, a combination parameter is defined to consider the mutual effect of deformation and hysteretic energy for different types of components in different loading stages. Four reinforced concrete (RC) columns are simulated and analyzed using the nonlinear damage model. The results indicate that the damage evolution evaluated by the model agrees well with the experimental phenomenon. Furthermore, the seismic damage evolution of a six-story RC frame was analyzed, revealing four typical failure modes according to the interstory drift distribution of the structure; the damage values calculated using the nonlinear damage model agree well with the four typical failure modes.     

基于抗损性的钢筋混凝土摇摆柱力学性能研究

抗震韧性将震后建筑的功能维持或快速恢复作为最终目标。构件层次的摇摆机制是实现主体结构功能可恢复的有效途径,但应以构件的抗损性为前提。以钢筋混凝土摇摆柱为对象,比拟弹性半空间局部受载经典拉芒（Flamant）理论,推导摇摆柱轴向应力分布弹性力学解答,以此为基础,假定摇摆柱侧移由柱端接触面转角和柱身弯剪变形引起,建立钢筋混凝土摇摆柱荷载-侧移力学模型,与有限元模拟结果对比验证合理性。开展轴压比和柱端强度分析,结果表明,在柱体抗损的前提下,单纯提高轴压比可提高柱体承载能力,但对侧移能力提升不显著;随着柱端材料强度提升,柱体承载力和侧移能力均显著改善,因此,采用柱端局部增强的方法改善钢筋混凝土摇摆柱工作性能具有可行性。     

钢筋混凝土桥墩弯剪数值分析模型

基于修正的压力场理论MCFT(The Modified Compression Field Theory)和纤维单元模型建立了钢筋混凝土桥墩的弯剪数值分析模型,以MCFT理论确定桥墩的剪切力-剪切位移关系,并与考虑桥墩弯曲变形的纤维单元模型组合,共同考虑桥墩的弯-剪-轴力耦合作用.通过与六个弯剪破坏控制的圆形截面钢筋混凝土桥墩拟静力试验结果的对比,对分析模型进行了验证.主要认识结论为基于MCFT理论可准确地计算弯剪破坏桥墩的屈服荷载、极限荷载和弹性阶段剪切刚度,剪切开裂是引起钢筋混凝土构件剪切力-剪切位移关系刚度突变的主要因素,而弯曲开裂与纵筋屈服对刚度的影响较小;分析模型对弯剪破坏桥墩的滞回曲线、弯曲与剪切变形成分均进行了较为准确的模拟分析.     

基于损伤分布模型的震损RC框架力学性能分析与实证研究

震损结构的剩余荷载位移响应分析十分重要,是准确评估震后钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构剩余性能的基础,然而震损结构损伤的不均匀分布为其荷载位移响应的定量分析带来了困难。本文基于纤维梁柱模型提出了一种能够考虑地震损伤不均匀分布的震损RC框架数值模型。基于震损RC框架的损伤现象对其损伤分布进行了量化,考虑了材料损伤沿柱高度与截面深度的分布;基于量化结果分别确定了RC框架中各纤维梁柱单元中不同位置处纤维的损伤本构关系,并对其剩余荷载位移响应进行了定量分析;以一个一榀三层四跨的RC框架试验为算例,对模型进行了验证。结果表明,本文模型能够较为准确地模拟震损RC框架的剩余荷载位移响应,其中最大剩余承载力、刚度和屈服强度等各项指标计算误差均值均在10%以下,因此本文模型能够为震后RC结构的评估工作提供一种新的思路。     

Three-dimensional fractal analysis of concrete fracture at the meso-level

The fracture process in concrete-like materials cannot be properly modelled in an Euclidean framework, due to its complex morphology at the micro- and meso-level. The inherent flaws interact through a multi-scale process, leading to self-affine fracture surfaces. Moreover, the self-organized network of microcracks displays fractal properties prior to the formation of the final fracture surface. At the same time, due to the presence of pores and voids, the stress-carrying cross section is a rarefied fractal domain, even from the beginning of the loading process. A new experimental equipment has been developed which allows the entire fracture surface, or any plane cross section, to be digitised and analysed. This represents an important progress with respect to the study of one-dimensional profiles. In this paper, the three-dimensional algorithms for evaluating the fractal dimension of invasive surfaces and lacunar sections are described. The invasive fractal character of the fracture surfaces is confirmed. Moreover, the lacunar fractal character of the stress-carrying cross sections, a priori assumed by Carpinteri [A. Carpinteri, Mechanics of Materials 18 (1994) 259–266], is now proven experimentally.     

A thermodynamics based damage mechanics model for particulate composites

A micro-mechanical damage model is proposed to predict the overall viscoplastic behavior and damage evolution in a particle filled polymer matrix composite. Particulate composite consists of polymer matrix, particle fillers, and an interfacial transition interphase around the filler particles. Yet the composite is treated as a two distinct phase material, namely the matrix and the equivalent particle-interface assembly. The CTE mismatch between the matrix and the filler particles is introduced into the model. A damage evolution function based on irreversible thermodynamics is also introduced into the constitutive model to describe the degradation of the composite. The efficient general return-mapping algorithm is exploited to implement the proposed unified damage coupled viscoplastic model into finite element formulation. Furthermore, the model predictions for uniaxial loading conditions are compared with the experimental data.     

钢纤维钢筋混凝土板爆炸局部破坏效应

在前人的实验基础上,针对中高强钢纤维钢筋混凝土板接触爆炸破坏效应进行了94炮野外化爆实验,详细介绍了实验参数设计,系统分析了不同装药量及结构参数条件下钢纤维钢筋混凝土板接触爆炸破坏特征,即爆炸成坑、临界震塌、爆炸震塌、临界贯穿和爆炸贯穿。得出了钢纤维钢筋混凝土板接触爆炸5种典型破坏形态及其相应的破坏参数指标值,对爆炸成坑和结构震塌的主要影响因素得出了初步结论,为爆炸局部破坏分级及结构抗局部破坏设计提供了实验依据。     

Stochastic damage model for concrete based on energy equivalent strain

Starting with the framework of conventional elastoplastic damage mechanics, a class of stochastic damage constitutive model is derived based on the concept of energy equivalent strain. The stochastic damage model derived from the parallel element model is adopted to develop the uniaxial damage evolution function. Based on the expressions of damage energy release rates (DERRs) conjugated to the damage variables thermodynamically, the concept and its tensor formulations of energy equivalent strain is proposed to bridge the gap between the uniaxial and the multiaxial constitutive models. Furthermore, a simplified coupling model is proposed to consider the evolution of plastic strain. And the analytical expressions of the constitutive model in 2-D are established from the abstract tensor expression. Several numerical simulations are presented against the biaxial loading test results of concrete, demonstrating that the proposed models can reflect the salient features for concrete under uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions.     

接触爆炸对底部有土垫层纤维混凝土板破坏效应试验研究

采用钢纤维混凝土、聚丙烯纤维混凝土、钢筋混凝土3种材料共24块板试件进行了接触爆炸试验。对试验现象进行了描述,由迎爆坑尺寸拟合分析得到了3种材料的爆炸介质压缩系数。采用ЛяхоB公式对试验测得的土压峰值进行了拟合分析,结果表明,随试件厚度的增加,砂土中应力波峰值衰减更显著,相同比例爆距的土压值明显减小,并由试验结果得到了底部有土垫层介质情况下混凝土板临界爆炸贯穿厚度计算公式。     

Stochastic damage hysteretic model for concrete based on micromechanical approach

In the present paper, a kind of stochastic damage hysteretic model is proposed to describe the damage and hysteretic behaviors of concrete material. According to the model, a parallel system made up of micro-elements, which are developed based on the micro-tensile and shear damage mechanism respectively, is adopted to obtain the overall responses of concrete. The influence of plastic strain and hysteretic energy dissipation of the material are also considered in the model. To reflect the stochastic properties of concrete, the fracture strain of the micro-element is set as a random variable. Then the monotonic, loading and unloading curves of the parallel system are derived analytically by averaging the stochastic micro-elements and two hysteretic rules are combined to the proposed model to account for complicated loading conditions. Furthermore, a nonlocal process is introduced to the model to overcome the mesh dependence issues of softening materials. Finally, several numerical examples are conducted, demonstrating that the proposed model can provide reliable results reflecting the damage, plasticity and hysteretic behaviors of concrete material.     

混凝土损伤本构模型下梁承载力研究

为解决混凝土非线性特性难以描述的难题,通过MTS815.02岩石电液伺服系统,对圆柱体混凝土试件施加定围压比为0.2的围压,得出C25、C35、C45混凝土在＂理想无损伤＂状态下的应力-应变曲线;用Ramberg-Osgood公式描述其应力-应变关系,引入损伤变量演化方程,进而得出混凝土一维受压损伤本构模型。通过与实验数据的对比证明了模型的有效性和准确性;详细地分析了无初始损伤条件下配筋梁受弯破坏时的损伤演化过程;计算C25、C35、C45钢筋混凝土梁的受弯承载力。分析结果显示：随着混凝土强度由C25提高到C45,按此模型计算与按规范公式计算所得梁承载力的差异由1.9%升高至2.84%;下降段损伤累积量占总体损伤度的比例由46.26%升高至86.04%。研究表明,本文的分段曲线损伤模型可以较好地模拟梁混凝土的非线性受压过程,并能够给出损伤程度的预测。     

钢筋混凝土结构的三维有限元非线性分析

提出了一个简单的混凝土三维本构模型,结合两种钢筋分布模式编制了钢筋混凝土结构非线性分析的三维有限元程序,通过两个经典的算例对比分析,表明本文提出的混凝土本构模型能够有效地模拟结构的破坏荷载和破坏过程。