复合材料导向叶片的结构与材料一体化优化设计

将材料细观结构优化和宏观结构优化结合起来,从结构与材料两个尺度出发,发展复合材料导向叶片的结构与材料一体化优化设计方法。在建立平纹编织复合材料细观结构分析模型的基础上,采用细观力学有限元法进行材料刚度性能预测,热-固耦合分析方法进行涡轮导向叶片结构分析。同时以细观结构参数和宏观结构参数为设计变量,以叶片质量最小为优化目标,并要求满足应力和位移方面的约束,进行编织复合材料导向叶片的结构与材料一体化优化设计。     

AEROELASTIC OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF COMPOSITE WING WITH CONSIDERATION OF STRUCTURAL INSTABILITY

从工程数学求解和有限元分析角度对复合材料结构的稳定性分析方法进行研究,基于这两个方面分别建立了同时考虑壁板稳定性约束和气动弹性约 束的气动弹性优化技术,并以大展弦比复合材料机翼为对象,进行气动弹性综合优化设计。研究表明,机翼气动弹性优化中若不考虑稳定性约束条件,虽然可以获得较小结构重量,但往往不满足稳定性要求;相比从有限元角度考虑结构失稳特征的气动弹性综合优化设计方法,通过工程数学方法对机翼结构进行分区失稳分析优化可以更加精准地控制变量,在满足各项性能指标,特别是稳定性约束的同时,进一步减轻了结构重量,提高了结构失稳因子。     

考虑材料设计变量的热-固耦合结构的优化设计

从材料-结构协同设计的角度研究了热-固耦合结构的优化设计问题,将决定结构材料性质的细观参数与结构宏观几何参数作为设计变量,利用均匀化方法推导了细观设计变量灵敏度显式计算式,并结合耦合场有限元方程构造了耦合场设计变量灵敏度计算式;提出了材料-结构协同设计的三种优化设计模型.利用结构响应最小优化模型对算例进行了计算,比较了宏观设计变量优化和材料-结构协同设计优化的效果.计算结果显示,材料-结构协同优化设计可以取得较单一宏观设计变量更好的优化效果.     

Optimum design of composite laminates

A new procedure for the optimum layup design of composite laminates is described in this paper. In this method the global optimum search and local relaxing constraints are adequately combined together. The design variables are divided and applied in separate processes. A 16-node hybrid semi-Loof element model is used in the global structure analysis. The iterative complex method is adopted in the optimization. The method is suitable for the minimum weight design of a laminate subjected to the strength and stiffness constraints under multiple loading. The numerical results demonstrate the high efficiency and reliability of the present method.The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

基于遗传算法和参数化建模的非线性结构优化

提出了一种对存在接触关系的非线性结构(装配体)进行优化设计的新方法。该方法将遗传算法与结构几何及有限元参数化建模方法相结合，在通用CAE软件的二次开发编程环境中实现对带接触的结构装配体进行结构尺寸和形状优化设计。文中利用该方法对某浮动式闭气结构的重要结构参数和关键构件形状实施了优化设计，使其闭气性能得到大幅度提高，体现了本文方法在解决这类优化问题中的优势。本文的方法有利于拓宽结构优化技术在机械设计领域的应用范围。     

非确定性结构静动态特性稳健优化设计

本文研究了考虑参数随机性的结构静动态特性稳健性优化设计问题的数学模型和数值求解。在考虑结构设计变量和其研究了考虑参数随机性的结构静动态特性稳健性优化设计问题的数学模型和数值求 解. 在考虑结构设计变量和其他参数随机分布的前二阶矩的条件下,采用基于二阶摄动法的 随机有限元方法对结构响应的平均值和方差进行近似求解. 在摄动法有限元分析的框架下, 提出以一般函数形式表达的结构性能的平均值和标准差及其灵敏度的计算格式. 将结构 稳健性优化设计问题构造为双目标优化问题,优化目标包含结构性能函数的期望值和标准 差,约束函数的变异也给予考虑. 优化问题采用基于函数梯度的算法进行求解. 文中给出的数值算例显示了方法的有效性.     

基于随机有限元的非线性结构稳健性优化设计

结合结构优化技术和摄动随机有限元方法研究了非线性结构稳健设计问题。将结构稳健性优化设计问题构造为双目标优化问题。优化目标包含结构性能函数的期望值和标准差。约束函数的变异也给予考虑,并采用基于函数梯度的算法进行求解。为对具有路径相关特征的非线性结构性能及结构响应的平均值及标准差进行分析。本文采用缩减的随机变量,提出了基于增量法的摄动随机有限元计算格式。在此框架下,进一步提出以一般泛函形式表达的结构性能的平均值和方差及其灵敏度的计算格式。为显示方法的有效性。文中给出几个数值算例。     

考虑时变刚度特性的复合材料微结构拓扑优化设计方法

理想的骨折内固定植入物在组织愈合或修复的过程中,其结构性能需要满足不同愈合阶段对生物力学的需求.提出一种对生物可降解复合材料微结构的时变刚度特性进行调控设计的拓扑优化方法,以达到理想的骨折内固定植入物特殊的时变刚度特性需求.使用具有不同降解速率和刚度的两种可降解材料,以相对密度作为设计变量来描述不同材料的分布,以特定降...     

Plate/shell topological optimization subjected to linear buckling constraints by adopting composite exponential filtering function

In this paper, a model of topology optimization with linear buckling constraints is established based on an independent and continuous mapping method to minimize the plate/shell structure weight. A composite exponential function (CEF) is selected as filtering functions for element weight, the element stiffness matrix and the element geomet-ric stiffness matrix, which recognize the design variables, and to implement the changing process of design variables from“discrete”to“continuous”and back to“discrete”. The buck-ling constraints are approximated as explicit formulations based on the Taylor expansion and the filtering function. The optimization model is transformed to dual programming and solved by the dual sequence quadratic programming algo-rithm. Finally, three numerical examples with power function and CEF as filter function are analyzed and discussed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.     

Optimization of the Flutter Load by Material Orientation

Abstract

The present work concerns optimization of the stability of composite plates for supersonic flutter. A Finite element model of the structure is applied. The individual material orientation within each finite element defines the degrees of freedom in the design space. Design iterations are based on analytical sensitivity analyses, derived by Pedersen and Seyranian. Plaut's flutter instability condition is discussed. The condition implies the possibility of an accurate flutter analysis without reducing the eigenvalue problem. For one particular choice of material, an optimal design, in the case of a rectangular, simply supported plate, is found. Design iterations on a delta-shaped plate supported as a cantilever are discussed. A condition for when static divergence is not a possible consequence of the aerodynamic load for any design is derived.     

基于拓扑描述函数的特定性能复合材料设计

提出了一种基于拓扑描述函数进行特定性能复合材料设计的新方法. 采用拓扑描 述函数作为设计变量,把复合材料微结构的设计问题转化为一个在周期性单胞上的拓扑优 化问题. 拓扑描述函数以及相应正则化机制的引入不仅可以有效消除棋盘格式等数值不稳定 现象,而且能够有效地抑制传统算法处理此类优化问题时所引发的边界扩散效应. 数值结果 表明所提出的方法可以稳定高效地实现具有特定性能的复合材料微结构设计.     

遗传算法在随机参数刚架结构概率优化设计中的应用

对随机参数刚架结构在随机荷载作用下基于概率的优化设计进行了研究。同时考虑结构的物理参数和作用荷载等的随机性；建立以杆截面积为设计变量、结构质量均值极小化为目标函数、具有刚度和强度可靠性约束的优化设计数学模型；通过可靠性约束等价显式化处理和引入罚函数，将原概率约束优化问题转化为无约束优化问题，利用遗传算法求解。算例表明：文中提出的模型和方法是合理有效的。     

Design of buckling constrained multiphase material structures using continuum topology optimization

This study contributes to a possibility of evaluating composite structures configuration such as steel and concrete using buckling and volume constraints based on multi-material topology optimization. A Jacobi active-phase algorithm is used to generate multiphase topology optimization. It provides a rational solution appropriated to the topology optimizer, Method of Moving Asymptotes due to the conflict in updating the design variables. A modified material interpolation scheme solving spurious buckling modes problem which occurs in the multi-material topology optimization process is given and discussed. An investigation of buckling constraint parameter is described. It allows a single-objective minimum compliance topology optimization to obtain two objectives of maximizing both structure stiffness and first buckling load factor. The optimal changing topologies of single material structure and multi-material structure corresponding to different buckling constraints are presented. Numerical examples of compression-only structures and compression-tension structures considering structural instability are performed using both single material and multiple materials to verify the efficiency and superiority of the present method.

     

考虑设计规范的海洋平台结构选型优化

针对具体海洋环境条件和生产要求，对导管架平台结构进行选型优化——拓扑布局与构件尺寸的联合优化，充分考虑设计规范的要求，建立多设计准则、多约束条件和多荷载工况的设计模型，其中环境荷载包括：风、浪、流、海冰从不同方向对平台的作用。通过结构选型优化获得最佳的结构拓扑布局形式，在降低平台造价的同时，设计出满足结构的稳定特性、安全寿命等多种设计准则的新型平台结构。     

横截面参数化网格变形算法及耐撞性优化应用

薄壁梁结构是汽车等运载工具的主要承载构件,提高该类结构的耐撞性对乘员安全具有重要意义。然而,形状优化设计要求多组有限元模型与仿真分析,因此需要特定的建模技术或人工交互。本文提出了一种基于横截面形状的参数化网格变形方法,以实现已有有限元模型的有效重用。以给定有限元模型为输入,采用基于各向异性径向基函数网格变形方法,并结合骨架内嵌空间,可快速生成适用于仿真分析的有限元模型变体。以S形梁轴向冲击耐撞性设计为例,采用所提方法改变构件塑性铰区域的横截面形状,可快速（低于4 s）获取100组局部变形有限元模型,并采用代理模型技术和多目标遗传算法优化结构耐撞性。数值结果显示,构件耐撞性获显著提高,验证了所提参数化变形方法的有效性,展示了与一般形状优化框架的可集成性。     

Design of an Optimal Grid for Finite Element Methods

ABSTRACT Finite element solutions of improved quality are obtained by optimizing the location of nodes of the finite element grid, while keeping the number of degrees of freedom fixed. The formulation of the grid optimization problem is based on the reduction of error associated with interpolation of the exact solution, using functions from the finite element space. Element sizes are selected as design variables: length in R1 and area in R2. Analytically derived optimality conditions are presented and an approximation to these conditions is introduced to obtain a set of operationally useful equations that can be used as guidelines for construction of improved grids. Example problems are given for illustration.     

基于混合编码遗传算法和有限元分析的压电结构载荷识别

与传统的优化算法相比,遗传算法不需要计算目标函数的导数信息,便于迭代,可实现全局寻优.因此,本文提出一种采用混合编码的遗传算法与有限元分析相结合,对复合材料层合板、壳进行载荷识别的新方法.在遗传算法求解过程中,设计变量的编码方法选择是其重要环节,二进制编码容易产生连续函数离散化时的映射误差,且其求解精度与染色体的编码长度紧密相关,过长的染色体描述虽可提高精度,但会显著降低算法的求解效率.为此,本文提出采用混合编码的方法进行载荷识别,即用二进制编码表征载荷作用位置,浮点数编码表示载荷的大小.这一方法大大降低了染色体的长度,并显著提高了计算效率和精度.     

斜拉桥索梁锚固区边界条件对结构受力的影响

针对苏通(苏州-南通)长江公路大桥斜拉桥锚箱式索梁锚固结构进行了足尺静载试验,采用空间有限元方法分析实际结构和试验模型锚固区的应力与变形,将试验与计算结果进行比较,验证计算方法的正确性。在此基础上,做了大量仿真计算,详细探讨了索梁锚固结构周围边界条件的不同对结构受力的影响,计算了实际结构在不同约束条件下索梁锚固区的各种应力分布情况,进而得到了一些有益的结论,为今后类似结构试验的设计提供参考。     

A methodology for measuring and modeling crystallographic texture gradients in processed alloys

The explicit representation of internal material structure in alloy processing and in-service performance simulations is becoming increasingly prevalent. This paper presents a methodology for characterizing and representing a spatially-varying orientation distribution function (ODF) that can be used in processing and performance simulations for alloys containing texture gradients. We use thick AA 7050 aluminum plate, which is known to contain texture gradients, as a case study to demonstrate the methodology, which employs a finite element representation of the ODF initialized using individual lattice orientation measurements taken using the electron backscatter pattern (EBSP) technique. As expected, we find that the texture varies significantly through the plate thickness. We use the ODF to examine the effect of the varying texture on the resulting yield strength distribution as embodied by the average Taylor factor. We find that the predicted yield strength anisotropy is different at different locations through the thickness of the plate. We examine the optimal number of orientation measurements necessary for determining the ODF in the presence of this texture gradient. We find that as we increase the number of orientations, the ODF quickly becomes stable but eventually starts to change under the influence of the texture gradient. We also investigate spatial interpolation of the ODF using the finite element representation. We find that, as with finite element representations of other fields, interpolation accuracy depends on the variation of the field variable and the discretization of the domain. In this case, gradients in both physical space and orientation space affect the accuracy of the interpolation. Finally, the effects of the texture gradient on the mechanical response of the material is demonstrated by employing the ODFs taken from various locations through the thickness of the plate in polycrystal plasticity simulations of uniaxial tension and plane strain compression.