群青颜料呈色机理的电子顺磁共振研究

研究了阿富汗青金石矿石、敦煌石窟青金石颜料、合成群青的呈色机理。实验表明三者均有ｇ＝２．０２９峰，前两者多一个ｇ＝２．０４７峰，４００℃时，ｇ＝２．０４７峰变平，６００℃时消失。ｇ＝２．０２９峰随温度升高而增强，８００℃时增强放慢，颜色也随温度变深。在Ｍ０Ｏ３／ＳｉＯ２和Ｍ０Ｏ３／Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面上，Ｓ２＾－的ＥＰＲ有ｇ１＝２．０４７，ｇ２＝２．２０８，ｇ３＝１．９９８三个分量。因此，群青、青金石和     

物质呈色机理探讨

一、物质的呈色世界上成千上万的物质,都有五彩缤纷、千变万化的颜色,为大自然增添了勃勃生机,给人们的生活带来了和谐与美感。     

可逆热色性化合物的研究进展

本文就可逆热色性化合物的研究现状和发展趋势进行了评述, 着重介绍了可逆热色性化合物的类别、变色原理及应用等。     

氢化物原子吸收机理的研究 Ⅰ.H_2和空气在氢化物原子化中的作用

研究了氢气和空气在氢化物原子化过程中的作用,观察到H_2的存在下不仅引发自由基过程,而且抑制氢化物的热分解.空气的存在,使一些元素氢化物的最佳原子化温度降低,其增感作用只有在H_2共存时才表现出来.在没有H_2共存时,空气可能与氢化物反应生成氧化物,对吸收信号产生抑制.     

金属焰色反应新技术

金属焰色反应是金属离子定性鉴定方法之一,其生色原理是现代光谱分析的基础.现行的普通化学、无机化学、分析化学、甚至中学化学的实验教材中,都有金属焰色反应的内容. 现行的焰色反应实验,都用洁净的铂金丝圈蘸少量金属氯化物溶液在煤气灯氧化焰中灼烧,用肉眼直接观察(或是隔着钻玻片观察)焰色,以推断金属离子的存在.由于铂丝很贵重,各实验室备货有限.学生进行实验时,一般只能每人借用一支.据悉,有许多学校是用     

元素在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究 ⅩⅢ.钼的原子化机理

本文应用x-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)、扫描电子显微技术(SEM)研究了钼酸铵在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理。实验结果表明,在温度<1350K时,钼酸铵经历MoO_3和Mo_4O_(11)中间产物转变为MoO_2(s)。在更高温度下,MoO_2(s)首先还原为Mo_2C,而后进一步转变为MoC(s)。MoC再分解为Mo(s)。钼的原子化起源于Mo的升华。     

硫燃烧呈色浅析

燃烧是一种复杂的物理化学过程,所形成火焰颜色与参与反应物种、反应条件等因素有关。通过对硫燃烧形成火焰颜色的分析,阐明这类链式氧化还原反应在不同反应条件下所形成火焰颜色差异的原因。     

新型硫靛染料发色体吸收光谱的理论研究

靛族染料作为一类重要的还原染料,广泛应用于印染及食品等工业领域,同时在太阳能的贮存和利用、信息记录、液晶材料以及医药等方面也有重要应用前景[1-5]。前人的实验和理论研究表明,靛族染料的颜色源于其分子结构中的给电子-受电子基本发色体(参见图式1),给电子基团X(X=NH,O,S     

汝瓷及其仿制品瓷釉的显微结构分析和"汝钧不分"难题的破解

使用扫描电镜（SEM）、紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-VIS）和色差计分析了一些汝官瓷、仿汝瓷和钧瓷残片.在SEM下,汝瓷与钧瓷的显微结构差异较大,而仿汝瓷的显微结构类似于钧瓷;瓷釉中分相或者析晶导致的Rayleigh散射和Mie散射作用都对其釉色存在贡献;三者显微结构上的差异可用来解释它们反射光谱上的差异.UV-VIS可用于解决“汝钧不分”的问题,并为汝瓷的无损科技鉴定提供了可靠的依据.     

靛族染料发色体电子光谱性质的含时密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函方法(DFT)在B3LYP／6—31 ^*水平上对一系列靛族染料发色体的几何构型进行优化计算；在获得基态稳定结构的基础上，应用含时密度泛函理论(TD—DFT)在相同水平下计算其电子吸收光谱．探讨了不同给电子基团和发色体的延伸对电子吸收光谱的影响，得到了与对应母体化合物一致的变化规律．结果表明，给电子基团给电子能力的增强和发色体的纵向延伸分别使光谱产生一定红移和轻微的蓝移．通过对前线轨道组成进行自然布居分析，揭示了靛族染料的发光均源自分子中HOMO—LUMO(π→π^*)电子跃迁．     

The Use of UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometry for a Fast,Preliminary Authentication of Gemstones

The identification of gemstones is an important topic in the field of cultural heritage, given their enormous value. Particularly, the most important precious stones, namely diamond, emerald, ruby and sapphire, are frequently subjected to counterfeit by substitution with objects of lesser value with similar appearance, colour or shape. While a gemmologist is able to recognise a counterfeit in most instances, more generally, it is not easy to do this without resorting to instrumental methods. In this work, the use of UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry with optic fibres (FORS) is proposed as a fast and easy method for the preliminary identification of gemstones, alternative to the classical methods used by gemmologists or to Raman spectroscopy, which is by far the instrumental method with the best diagnostic potential, but it cannot be used in situations of problematic geometric hindrance. The possibilities and the limitations given by the FORS technique are critically discussed together with the spectral features of the most important gemstones. Finally, the application of chemometric pattern recognition methods is described for the treatment of large sets of spectral data deriving from gemstones identification.     

彩色不锈钢与氧化着色

通过化学或电化学手段与技术促使不锈钢表面发生氧化生成的钝化膜,不仅能够保护金属免受腐蚀,还能产生光干涉效应,使不锈钢不再是单一的银白色,而是呈现红橙黄绿蓝靛紫等不同的颜色,扩展了不锈钢的应用范围.     

HALS和抗氧剂对PE辐射致色的影响

聚乙烯;稳定剂;HALS和抗氧剂对PE辐射致色的影响     

含双萘环通用染料的合成与染色性质

含双萘环通用染料的合成与染色性质;通用染料;双萘环;合成;染色     

Anti-Inflammatory Action and Mechanisms of Resveratrol

Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihy- droxystilbene), a natural phytoalexin polyphenol, exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. This phytoalexin is well-absorbed and rapidly and extensively metabolized in the body. Inflammation is an adaptive response, which could be triggered by various danger signals, such as invasion by microorganisms or tissue injury. In this review, the anti-inflammatory activity and the mechanism of resveratrol modulates the inflammatory response are examined. Multiple experimental studies that illustrate regulatory mechanisms and the immunomodulatory function of resveratrol both in vivo and in vitro. The data acquired from those studies are discussed.     

化学核酸酶及其作用机理

化学核酸酶是一类人工设计、合成的DNA 或RNA 定位断裂工具, 由核酸识别结合系统和化学断裂系统组成。它们能够在任何位点断裂单链、双链DNA 或RNA , 不受限制性内切酶的天然专一性限制。本文除介绍了一些新的化学核酸酶体系外, 着重对它们的作用方式及作用机理进行了讨论。     

Synthesis and Selective Coloration of Monoaza Crown Ethers Bearing Picrylamino－type Side Arms for Alkali Metal Salts and Methylamine

N-pivot lariat ethers with picrylamino group as a chromophore (1, 2 and 3) have been prepared by reaction of N-(4-aminoaryl)monoaza crown ethers with picryl chrolide,and the selective coloration of 1, 2 and 3 for alkali metal salts and amines has been studied by UV-Vis spectra.     

缝管原子捕集法中的原子化机理

本文用Ｘ射线衍射分析法研究了１１个元素在开缝石英管中原子捕集与释放机理。Ａｇ和Ｂｉ以金属形式被捕集，而Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｉｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｓｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｏ、Ｇａ则以氧化物或硅酸盐形式捕集。这些元素在放时直接从熔融物蒸发原子化。５％乙醇或丙酮能提高大多数元素的灵敏度。大多数元素在Ａｌ２３涂层管上的灵敏度较高，在Ｌａ２Ｏ３涂层管上的检出限较低，精密度较高。     

Mechanisms of surface diffusion

Mechanisms of surface diffusion of single atoms, molecules and atomic clusters on flat terraces (with and without a driving force) of metal and semiconductor surfaces are discussed, focusing on our recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results. Experimental evidence leading to these conclusions is presented. Besides the commonly known hopping mechanism, there are many other mechanisms. In Arrhenius analysis, a linear behavior can be expected for only some of the simpler mechanisms.     

Tannin-Mordant Coloration with Matcha (camelia sinensis) and Iron(II)-Lactate on Human Hair Tresses

The aim of this work was to optimize our natural hair dyeing system which we described in our previous work and to compare with other dyeing systems. Therefore, we investigated concentration limits of matcha and mordant and compared this new dyeing method with commercial permanent systems on the market. Completely unpigmented hair tresses were dyed with matcha powder (camelia sinensis) and iron(II)-lactate. To investigate the wash fastness and concentration limits, the differently dyed hair tresses were spectrophotometrically measured. The comparison of the damage potential for which cysteic acid is an indicator was measured by NIR. The concentration of matcha and mordant are responsible for the intensity of the color results. The higher the matcha or the mordant concentration, the darker the color results of the dyed hair tresses. Hair damage of matcha mordant dyeing is comparable with results of commercial permanent hair coloration systems. Moreover, the results of wash fastness of matcha mordant dyed hair tresses is comparable and even better by tendency to permanent colored hair tresses.