非离子表面活性剂浊点萃取甘草酸体系的特性

用非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100和NaCl盐溶液在一定温度下形成的浊点体系为萃取介质,重点研究了浊点萃取甘草酸过程中凝聚相及水相的谱学性质和微观结构。 结果表明,随着温度的升高,红外谱图中O-H的振动吸收峰和C-O骨架伸缩振动峰会向高波数移动,而在浊点温度时,波数变化明显。 浊点体系的主体相具有粒度性质特征,吸附溶质后的凝聚相胶团粒径增大。 随着甘草酸浓度的升高,胶团从7.7 nm增大至20 nm以上,有类似聚集的现象。     

聚乙二醇-硫酸铵-二甲酚橙体系萃取分离钯

研究了萃取剂二甲酚橙与Pd(Ⅱ)离子的螯合物在聚合物-硫酸铵-水体系中两相间的分配行为。在pH1．0～6．0条件下，Pd(Ⅱ)几乎被二甲酚橙完全萃取到PEG相中，而Fe(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)萃取率随pH变化显著，Mn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)基本不被萃取。在HClO4介质pH1．0～2．0条件下，实现了Pd(Ⅱ)与Fe(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)的定量萃取分离。     

硫酸铵-碘化钾-乙醇体系萃取分离铋

1　引言利用高聚物水溶液在无机盐存在下可以分成两相的非有机溶剂萃取分离方法已引起人们的重视[1 ,2 ] 。本文研究发现 ,在硫酸铵存在下 ,乙醇与水分相过程中 ,Ｂｉ(Ⅲ )与Ｉ- 形成的ＢｉＩ3-6 络阴离子能被乙醇相定量萃取 ,控制一定的酸度 ,可以实现Ｂｉ(Ⅲ )与Ｆｅ(Ⅲ )、Ｃｏ(Ⅱ )、Ｍｎ(Ⅱ )、Ｃｕ(Ⅱ )、Ｎｉ(Ⅱ )、Ｍｏ(Ⅵ )之间的分离。该萃取体系与传统的有机溶剂萃取分离方法相比 ,具有平衡时间短 ,相分离速度快 ,无三相乳化 ,不使用有毒害有机溶剂 ,操作简单 ,快速均相萃取 异相分离等优点 ,既能萃取离子缔合物 ,又能萃取络阴…     

表面活性离子液体溴化N-十二烷基异喹啉与非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100在水溶液中的混合胶束

用等温滴定微量热法测定表面活性离子液体溴化N-十二烷基异喹啉([C₁₂iQuin]Br)与非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100混合物在水溶液中的临界胶束浓度。并以¹H核磁共振(NMR)和二维核Overhauser效应增强谱(2D NOESY)研究[C₁₂iQuin]Br与Triton X-100在混合胶束中的作用机理。研究结果显示：混合胶束中,Triton X-100分子的苯环定位于混合胶束的内核,聚氧乙烯链卷曲在异喹啉环周围。本文还应用规则溶液理论和浊点法对比研究了十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)-Triton X-100混合胶束体系的相关性质。     

Triton x-100存在下钪与对乙酰基偶氮氯膦显色体系分析性能的研究及应用

研究了试剂对乙酰基偶氮氯膦(CPApA)在非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100存在下与钪的β型显色反应条件。在硝酸介质中,Triton X-100可增敏钪与CPApA的显色反应,在波长724nm处络合物有最大吸收,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为9.56×10~4。显色体系有很好的选择性,30mg铝不干扰测定。方法可不经分离直接测定多种合金和纯铝中的微量钪,结果良好。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定催化剂中痕量钯的研究

研究了以1-（2-吡啶偶氮）-2-萘酚（PAN）为络合剂,以非离子型表面活性刺Triton X-100为萃取剂的浊点萃取分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钯的新方法。详细考察了溶液的pH、络合剂和表面活性剂浓度、平衡温度和时间等条件对浊点萃取效果的影响。该方法对钯的检出限为30．8ng／mL,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2．1％（n=10）,回收率在97．8％-106．6％之间。可用于催化剂中Pd（Ⅱ）的测定。     

Luminol-KIO4-Triton X-100一Ru(Ⅳ)化学发光体系的研究及Au-Os-Ru中微量Ru的测定

本文首次用TritonX-100敏化Luminol-KIO₄-Ru(Ⅳ)发光体系,配合反相纸色谱法(PTSO为固定相)分离,化学发光法测定了Au-Os-Ru混合液中微量Ru,使Ru(Ⅳ)的检出限降至3.9×10^-4μg/mL,比文献^[1.2]值降低了近一个数量级。回收率可达95%～106%。     

硫酸铵-碘化钾-乙醇体系萃取分离钯

传统的萃取分离法主要是采用与水互不相溶的有机溶剂作萃取溶剂,有的反应速度慢,传质速率低,分配比较小而需要在振荡器上进行较长时间振荡或多次萃取才能达到定量萃取的目的。均相萃取、异相分离萃取体系可以克服异相萃取分离技术中的一些缺点而受到重视[1,2]。本文以乙醇为萃取溶剂,均相萃取、异相分离Pd(Ⅱ)。试验表明硫酸铵存在下乙醇与水分相过程中,Pd(Ⅱ)与I-开成的PdI42-与质子化乙醇(C2H5OH2+)形成电中性的缔合物(C2H5OH2+)2·PdI42-被乙醇相萃取,能使Pd(Ⅱ)从Fe(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)…     

硫酸铵-溴化钾-乙醇体系萃取分离金

研究了(NH4)2SO4存在下,KBr-乙醇体系萃取分离Au(Ⅲ）的行为。实验表明,Br^-与Au(Ⅲ）形成的AuBr4^-很容易被萃取到乙醇相中。当溶液中KBr、(NH4)2SO4和无水乙醇浓度分别为0．04g／mL、0．30g／mL、30％(V／V),pH=2—4时能使Au(Ⅲ）的萃取率达到100％,Al（Ⅲ）、Ni(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Cr（Ⅲ）、Co(Ⅱ)、Fe（Ⅲ）、Zn(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Mo（Ⅵ)、U(Ⅳ)基本不被萃取,实现了Au（Ⅲ）与上述离子的分离。     

用硫酸铵-碘化钾-结晶紫体系浮选分离镉

研究了硫酸铵－碘化钾－结晶紫体系浮选分离镉的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件,该体系能使Cd(Ⅱ）与常见离子Zn(Ⅱ）、Fe（Ⅲ）、Co(Ⅱ）、Ni(Ⅱ）、Mn(Ⅱ）、Al（Ⅲ）分离。     

Synthesis and characterisation of morin-functionalised silica gel for the enrichment of some precious metal ions

Silica gel was firstly functionalised with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane obtaining the aminopropylsilica gel (APSG). The APSG was reacted subsequently with morin yielding morin-bonded silica gel (morin-APSG). The structure was investigated and confirmed by elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, IR and (13)C NMR spectral studies. Morin-APSG was found to be highly stable in common organic solvents, acidic medium (<2molL(-1) HCl, HNO(3)) or alkaline medium up to pH 8. The separation and preconcentration of Ag(I), Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II) and Rh(III) from aqueous medium using morin-APSG was studied. The optimum pH values for the separation of Ag(I), Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II) and Rh(III) on the sorbent are 5.7, 2.2, 3.7, 3.7 and 6.8, giving rise to separation efficiencies of 43.9, 85.9, 97.7, 60.9 and 91.0%, respectively, where the activity was found to be >90% in the presence of acetate ion. The ion sorption capacity of morin-APSG towards Cu(II) at pH 5.5 was found to be 0.249mmolg(-1) where the sorption capacities of Ag(I) and Pd(II) were 0.087 and 0.121mmolg(-1) and 0.222 and 0.241mmolg(-1) at pH 2.2 and 5.7, respectively. This indicates a 1:1 and 1:2 morin/metal ratios at pH 2.2 and 5.7, respectively. Complete elution of the sorbed metal ions was carried out using 10mL (0.5molL(-1) HCl+0.01molL(-1) thiourea) in case of Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II) and Rh(III) and 10mL 0.5molL(-1) HNO(3) in case of Ag(I). Morin-APSG was successfully employed in the separation and preconcentration of the investigated precious metal ions from some spiking water samples yielding 100-folds concentration factor. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) and the T-test (|t|(1)) were calculated.     

Spectrophtometric determination of malachite green in fish farming water samples after cloud point extraction using nonionic surfactant Triton X-100

A novel and sensitive cloud point extraction procedure for the determination of trace amounts of malachite green by spectrophotometry was developed. Malachite green was extracted at pH 2.5 mediated by micelles of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. The extracted surfactant-rich phase was diluted with ethanol and its absorbance was measured at 630 nm. The effect of different variables such as pH, Triton X-100 concentration, cloud point temperature and time and diverse ions was investigated and optimum conditions were established. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 4-500 ng mL⁻¹ of malachite green in the initial solution with r = 0.9996 (n = 10). Detection limit based on three times the standard deviation of the blank (3S_b) was 1.2 ng mL⁻¹ and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for 20 and 300 ng mL⁻¹ of malachite green was 1.48 and 1.13% (n = 8), respectively. The method was applied to the determination of malachite green in different fish farming and river water samples.     

Triton X－100－（NH_4）_2SO_4－H_2O液－固萃取体系中以N

ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００的盐水溶液会分成聚合物固相和盐水相。这是一种新的非有机溶剂液－固萃取体系。研究了在该萃取体系中用ＮＨ４Ｉ作萃取剂，Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）和Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）等金属离子的萃取行为。实现了Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）—Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）和Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）—Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）间的定量萃取分离与测定。实验结果表明，金属离子与Ｉ－形成络阴离子被萃入聚合物固相。     

Simultaneous cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric determination of carmoisine and brilliant blue FCF in food samples

A novel simultaneous cloud point extraction method for the determination of carmoisine and brilliant blue FCF by spectrophotometry has been developed. The method is based on the cloud point extraction of carmoisine and brilliant blue FCF from aqueous solution using Triton X-100, diluting the extracted surfactant rich phase with water and measuring the absorbance at 522 and 640 nm for carmoisine and brilliant blue FCF, respectively. The effects of different parameters such as pH, concentration of surfactant and temperature on the cloud point extraction of both dyes were investigated and optimum conditions were established. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 0.02-3.50 μg mL⁻¹ for carmoisine and 0.05-3.50 μg mL⁻¹ for brilliant blue FCF under optimum conditions. Detection limit based on three times the standard deviation of the blank (3S_b) was 0.017 and 0.016 μg mL⁻¹ (n = 10) for carmoisine and brilliant blue FCF, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 0.1 μg mL⁻¹ was 4.14 and 3.30% (n = 10), for carmoisine and brilliant blue FCF, respectively. The method was applied to the simultaneous determination of the dyes in different food samples.     

Determination of Protein via Resonance Light Scattering Technique with （NH4）2SO4

Be able to form large particles with protein via electrostatic force to enhance the intensity of resonance light scattering(RLS),(NH4)2SO4 was used as a RLS probe to determine bovine serum albumin(BSA),human serum albumin(HSA) and ovum albumin(OVA).The experimental conditions were investigated,including the acidity and saturation degree of (NH4)2SO4.Under the optimum conditions,the enhanced RLS intensity is proportional to the concentration of BSA,HSA and OVA in the ranges of 5×10-8―1×10-6,2.5×10-8―8×10-7 and 5×10-8―1.5×10-6 mol/L,respectively.The detection limits for BSA,HAS and OVA are 6.6×10-9,3.8×10-9 and 7.4×10-9 mol/L,respectively.The effects of foreign substances were also examined.The practical and synthetic samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.     

Effect of inorganic positive ions on the adsorption of surfactant Triton X-100 at quartz/solution interface

The electrode-separated piezoelectric sensor (ESPS), an improved setup of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), has been employed to investigate the adsorption behavior of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 at the hydrophilic quartz-solution interface in mineralized water medium in situ, which contained CaCl2 0.01 mol·L?1, MgCl2 0.01 mol·L?1, NaCl 0.35 mol·L?1. In a large scale of surfactant concentration, the effects of Ca2 , Mg2 and Na on the adsorption isotherm and kinetics are obviously different. In aque-ous solution containing NaCl only, adsorption of Triton X-100 on quartz-solution interface is promoted, both adsorption rate and adsorption amount increase. While in mineralized water medium, multivalent positive ions Ca2 and Mg2 are firmly adsorbed on quartz-solution interface, result in the increasing of adsorption rate and adsorption amount at low concentration of surfactant and the peculiar desorption of surfactant at high concentration of Triton X-100. The results got by solution depletion method are in good agreement with which obtained by ESPS. The "bridge" and "separate" effect of inorganic positive ions on the adsorption and desorption mechanism of Triton X-100 at the quartz- solution interface is discussed with molecular dynamics simulations (MD), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods.     

Chromatographic separation of inorganic ions on thin layers of lanthanum silicate ion-exchanger

Summary Thin layers of lanthanum silicate have been used to study the chromatographic behaviour of 28 metal ions in aqueous and mixed systems. As³⁺, Mo⁶⁺, Sb³⁺, Ti⁴⁺ and others can be easily separated from a number of inorganic ions. Fast ternary and binary separations have also been achieved and various separations are discussed. It is shown that Alberti's relation is also obeyed by thin layers of lanthanum silicate. Presented at the 21^st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15^th–20^th September, 1996     

Thin-layer chromatography of metal ions on a new carbamide-formaldehyde polymer

Summary A number of metal ions were systematically chromatographed on thin-layer of a newly synthesized carbamide-formaldehyde polymer using neutral and acidic eluents. For comparison, metal ions were also chromatographed on cellulose layers with the same eluents.     

Cloud point extraction of lanthanide(III) ions via use of Triton X-100 without and with water-soluble calixarenes as added chelating agents

The use of water-soluble calixarenes: p-sulfonato thiacalixarene (ST), tetra-sulfonatomethylated calix[4]resorcinarene (SR), calix[4]resorcinarene phosphonic acid (PhR) as chelating agents in cloud point extraction (CPE) of La(III), Gd(III) and Yb(III) ions using Triton X-100 as non-ionic surfactant is introduced. The data obtained indicate that both complexation ability and structure of calixarenes govern the extraction efficiency of lanthanides. In particular ST and SR, forming 1:1 lanthanide complexes with similar stability in aqueous media, exhibit different extractability when used as chelating agents in CPE. First synthesized PhR was found to be the most efficient chelating agent exhibiting pH-dependent selectivity within La(III), Gd(III) and Yb(III) in CPE.     

载体酸性对铜基交联黏土催化剂上C3H6选择性催化还原NO反应的影响

采用聚合羟基复合阳离子合成交联蒙脱土Al-Ce-PILC, 并分别用NH4NO3和(NH4)2SO4处理后， 将其作为载体, 采用浸渍法制备了应用于C3H6选择性催化还原NO反应的铜基交联黏土催化剂Cu/Al-Ce-PILC. 用Py-IR， IR和DSC等表征技术研究了不同处理方式对Al-Ce-PILC的结构、 酸性和催化剂活性的影响. 结果表明, 未经处理的Al-Ce-PILC中同时存在L酸和B酸, 以L酸为主, Cu/Al-Ce-PILC上NO的最大转化率仅为18。5％; 用NH4NO3处理提高了L酸量, NO转化率降低; 而用(NH4)2SO4处理改变了Al-Ce-PILC的酸性结构, 增大了B酸量, 并形成了超强酸中心, 催化剂上NO转化率显著提高, 在350 ℃时达最大值50.2％. B酸对于Cu/Al-Ce-PILC上NO的还原是必要的, 它有利于C3H6吸附并适度氧化为活性中间物种, 其酸量和酸强度的增加是催化剂活性改善的主要原因.