基于无线信道指纹的室内位置感应系统分析(英文)

This paper reviews and analyses various simplified-RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) indoor location systems, and proposes an improved implementation based on the propagation channel "fingerprinting" principle. The focus of the design aims to provide accurate location estimation, while minimising infrastructural requirements. The proposed approach is based on the LANDMARC (Indoor Location Sensing Using Active RFID) with Virtual Reference tags (VIRE) and implemented with dynamic linear interpolation and ...     

A Path-Centric Channel Assignment Framework for Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks

Today’s static spectrum allocation policy results in a situation where the available spectrum is being exhausted while many licensed spectrum bands are under-utilized. To resolve the spectrum exhaustion problem, the cognitive radio wireless network, termed CogNet in this paper, has recently been proposed to enable unlicensed users to dynamically access the licensed spectrum bands that are unused in either temporal or spatial domain, through spectrum-agile cognitive radios. The CogNet plays the role of secondary user in this shared spectrum access framework, and the spectrum bands accessible by CogNets are inherently heterogeneous and dynamic. To establish the communication infrastructure for a CogNet, the cognitive radio of each CogNet node detects the accessible spectrum bands and chooses one as its operating frequency, a process termed channel assignment. In this paper we propose a graph-based path-centric channel assignment framework to model multi-hop ad hoc CogNets and perform channel assignment from a network perspective. Simulation results show that the path-centric channel assignment framework outperforms traditional link-centric approach.

Objects tracking in a dense reader environment utilising grids of RFID antenna positioning

One of the fundamental constraints in radio frequency identification (RFID) large scale deployment, such as in warehouse RFID deployment, is the positioning of RFID reader antennas to efficiently locate all the tagged objects distributed in a dense RFID reader environment. For tracking the tagged objects in a dense RFID deployment, the required number of reader antennas must be optimised in order to reduce the overall cost. This study proposes highly accurate square and hexagonal grid-based positioning and tracking techniques mainly for use indoors and includes performance comparison of both of these grids. The study involves the design of the square and hexagonal grid reader antenna networks and position calculation using a diffusion algorithm. Both of these grids of RFID antenna positioning present a solution for the problem of the placement pattern of RFID reader antennas in a dense reader environment, hence an optimal number of required reader antennas and guaranteed coverage can be achieved. This study also presents a path loss model that can be applied to predict the radio signal strength information at a certain distance. The proposed diffusion algorithm estimates RFID tag position by using distance information between the reader and the tag. The obtained results show that a square grid can yield higher positioning accuracy compared to the hexagonal grid. The obtained results further show that the proposed tracking techniques can achieve an average positioning error below 1 m, which is 85% better in some cases than the results obtained by other known methods.     

一种新的基于最大流的无线Mesh网络信道分配算法

在无线Mesh网络中,为节点配置多接口多信道MAC协议成为提高网络性能、扩大网络容量的有效手段之一。有效的信道分配策略在多信道无线Mesh网络中显得尤为重要。本文提出一种基于最大流的信道分配算法。该算法通过最大流计算网络中可达到的最大吞吐量,以此作为网络负载标准进行信道分配,将降低整个网络的总体干扰作为目标函数进行优化。仿真结果表明,即使在网络负载较重的情况下,算法仍能保持较好的性能。     

一种用于射频识别阅读器的双频宽带圆极化天线

该文设计了一种紧凑的用作射频识别(RFID)阅读器的双频宽带圆极化天线。天线由弯折处理的矩形贴片、L形贴片和三角形地板构成,通过微带线进行馈电。两个辐射贴片分别独立控制高低两个频段,其轴比带宽也可独立调整,三角形地板可以使横向电流和纵向电流发生变化,从而改变横向电流和纵向电流的比值大小,实现圆极化性能。天线尺寸为0.92$ {\lambda _0} $×0.92$ {\lambda _0} $×0.0064$ {\lambda _0} $ ($ {\lambda _0} $为2.40 GHz时的自由空间波长)。测试结果表明在超高频(UHF)频段该天线实现了49%(0.77～1.27 GHz)的阻抗带宽和46%(0.84～1.34 GHz)的轴比带宽,在无线局域网(WLAN)频段实现了47.5%(1.54～2.50 GHz)的阻抗带宽和24.2%(1.96～2.50 GHz)的轴比带宽,可以完整覆盖UHF和WLAN两个频段,具有良好的辐射特性。与其他双频圆极化天线相比,该天线整体结构紧凑、设计简单、避免了使用复杂的馈电网络,且具有较宽的3 dB轴比带宽。     

采用竞争选择神经网络的语音识别方法

本文在Ｇｅｒｓｈｏ的ａｓｙｍｐｔｏｔｉｃ理论基础上，推导了向量聚类的等失真原则，并提出了一种竞争选择学习算法（ＣＳＬ），这种算法可以避免局部最优，把它应用到隐马尔柯夫模型（ＨＭＭ）的聚类中，可以起到很好的效果。结合安全拒识措施，本文提出用并行、自组织、层次神经网（ＰＳＨＮＮ）将ＨＭＭ输出的每一个模板的记分再分类，使识别率明显提高。     

Estimation of Channel Impulse Response Using Modified Ceiling Bounce Model in Non-Directed Indoor Optical Wireless Systems

In this paper a modification to the traditional Ceiling bounce model is proposed for use with non-directed indoor optical wireless systems which takes into account the transceiver separation distances as well as their actual positions while computing the impulse response. This modification is done by combining the results of DC gain computation and the statistical model along with the traditional Ceiling bounce approach. We show that the results of the proposed modification agree better than the traditional Ceiling bounce model with the reported experimental results of Barry et al. (1993. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 11, 367–379). The modified Ceiling bounce model is used to study the effect of transceiver positions on the rms delay spread and channel impulse response.

基于矩阵感知的毫米波MIMO系统信道估计方法

在使用混合波束形成的毫米波大规模多输入多输出系统中,射频链路少于天线数,信道估计非常具有挑战性。当天线阵列缺陷导致未知相位和增益误差时,压缩感知信道估计器的性能会下降。为提高系统鲁棒性,提出了一种新型的基于矩阵感知的信道估计方案。该方案利用毫米波信道的低秩特性,采用凸函数差框架设计信道估计器。理论分析及仿真结果证明,所提方案不受阵列相位和增益误差的影响,与压缩感知方案比较增强了系统的鲁棒性,可获得比矩阵补全方案更好的估计性能。     

一种多射频、多信道无线mesh网络的信道分配算法

宽带无线接入网得到广泛应用,廉价的数据回程带宽是决定宽带无线接入网成功应用的重要因素。丈中设计了一种使用多射频、多信道、方向性天线的新型无线mesh数据回程网,提出了一种基于连接图的等价变换来实现该无线mesh网络信道分配算法。仿真结果表明,文中提出的信道分配算法有效地减少链路间干扰,提高了网络性能。     

无线传感器网络中一种改进的DV-Hop定位算法研究

节点定位算法是无线传感器网络中的关键技术。针对DV-Hop定位算法定位精度不高的问题,提出一种改进的DV-Hop定位算法,通过减小全网平均跳距与真实的平均跳距的差距,重新修订不在网络区域的未知节点的坐标,提高平均跳距取值的准确性。仿真结果表明,在同等网络环境下,改进的DV-Hop定位算法的定位误差减小,能有效提高节点的定位精度。     

System Design Issues and Performance Evaluations for Adaptive Modulation in New Wireless Access Systems

This paper discusses system design strategies and performance evaluation for adaptive modulation techniques used in new and up-and-coming wireless access systems. After a brief discussion on basic modulation parameter (MP) settings as well as functionalities specific for adaptive modulation systems, this paper discusses how to design a narrowband time-division multiple-access/time-division duplex (TDMA/TDD)-based adaptive modulation system and confirms through laboratory experiments that the narrowband TDMA/TDD-based adaptive modulation system dramatically enhances system robustness to multipath fading and flexibility in throughput and transmission quality control. Next, as an extension to many fields of application for adaptive modulation, this paper discusses subcarrier-level adaptive modulation for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based one-cell reuse broadband cellular systems. One key result is that nonsubcarrier transmit power control (TPC) applied adaptive modulation systems can achieve almost the same performance as subcarrier TPC applied adaptive modulation systems provided that the required signal-to-noise-plus-interference power ratio increment in the MP sets is designed to be sufficiently small. Finally, this paper explains the dynamic parameter controlled OFDM/TDMA system as an example of a practical scheme for one-cell reuse broadband wireless access systems. The analysis confirms that this adaptive system can achieve a spatial reuse efficiency defined by (average throughput in multicell conditions)/(average throughput in single cell conditions) of 0.8 as well as an average media access control payload throughput of about 150 Mb/s using about 100 MHz of bandwidth.     

A Hierarchical Digital Modulation Classification Algorithm for Adaptive Wireless Communication Systems

Blind modulation classification has been applied in adaptive transmission, non-cooperative communications, and interference identification. This paper propose a novel hierarchical classifier for four digital modulation schemes. The hierarchical classifier is based on quasi-log-likelihood ratio. Its performance is verified via extensive simulations. Simulation results show that the hierarchical algorithm is effective for classification of four SQAM signals. FENG Xiang received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electronics Engineering from The Missile College of the Air Force PLA, China, in 1991 and 1994, respectively. He is currently working toward the Ph.D degree at Xidian University, Xi'an, China. His research interests include digital communication systems, digital signal processing, adaptive transmission, and multicarrier modulation. LI Jiandong was graduated from Xidian University with Bachelor Degree, Master Degree and Ph.D in communications and Electronic System respectively in 1682, 1985 and 1991. He is Professor and Dean of School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University. He is a senior member of IEEE and CIE and the fellow of CIC. His research interests include Broadband Wireless Communications, Ad hoc Networks, and Software Radio.     

A New Anonymous Channel Protocol in Wireless Communications

In this paper, the authors shall propose a new anonymous channel protocol for wireless communications. Compared with Juang et al.'s protocol and Jan et al.'s protocol, our protocol is more efficient. In addition, our protocol saves the trouble of employing public key cryptography in the anonymous channel ticket authentication phase just as Jan et al.'s protocol.     

基于DSCS的宽带频谱感知新算法

频谱感知是认知无线电技术的基础,随着通信技术不断发展,越来越高的采样速率成为一大瓶颈.实际应用中频谱占用通常具有稀疏性,根据这一特点并结合频谱检测要求,本文提出一种基于差分信号压缩感知(Differential SignalCompressed Sensing,DSCS)的宽带频谱感知方法.该方法在能量检测法的基础上引入压缩感知理论(compressed sensing,CS),使系统能以远低于奈奎斯特采样速率的速率无损采样,降低对硬件的要求;为降低计算量、提高算法稳定性,采用检测差分信号代替检测信号本身作为判断频谱占用变更的依据;引入精度作为算法的迭代停止条件,可根据需要灵调整算法准确度、降低计算复杂度.仿真表明,适当精度下DSCS法能大幅降低迭代次数、减少计算量,并获得更好的检测性能.     

A Robust Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme in Cognitive Radio Systems

Performance of cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing is more greatly improved than that of the traditional cooperative spectrum sensing.However,the style of clusters is not pointed out on traditional cluster-based method.In view of all the fading in the cooperative spectrum sensing,space diversity,and selective diversity,a robust cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on clusters is proposed.Simulation results show that the detection performance of this new scheme is more close to that of the ideal cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme,and the excellent performance with higher reliability is gained relative to the actual cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme.Finally,the number of users in a cluster of the proposed scheme is discussed.The two users in a cluster are not the optimal solution to the overall implementation of cognitive radio.     

OFDM系统中一种新的信道跟踪方法及其性能分析

基于采用循环前缀的正交频分复用(CP-OFDM)系统的频域表示特点,提出了一种频域信道跟踪算法。该 算法利用无线信道的时变特性,基于传统的LMS算法,实现了系统信道响应的可靠跟踪,使系统误符号概率接近理想信 道跟踪的性能下界。文章对算法的理论性能进行了分析,仿真结果验证了算法和理论分析的正确性。     

一种信道编码与物理层网络编码的联合设计

基于正交振幅调制（QAM）设计了一种信道编码与物理层网络编码的联合实施方案,该方案巧妙的引入了一种去噪映射机制,即重新安排QAM调制的星座映射,中继节点对接收数据去噪后直接映射为对应数字比特流的异或。同时,利用卷积码和MAC-XOR网络编码（Network Coding, NC）的线性性质,使得中继节点只需直接估计网络编码的码字,因此中继节点的解调/译码的复杂度减少50%。在此基础上对该方案的误比特率性能进行分析。仿真结果表明了该方案的有效性,即与已有的物理层网络编码方法相比,在没有增加译码复杂度的基础上,该方案的信道容量有了显著提高。      

蜂窝移动定位系统定位精度提高算法的研究进展

提高蜂窝移动定位系统的定位精度是定位技术在CDMA系统中广泛应用的关键。针对提高移动定位精度算法的研究,分别从基本定位算法、非视距传播误差消除算法、抗多径干扰时延估计和抗多址干扰算法、数据融合定位方法等几个方面进行了详细的分析和讨论,综述了该领域的最新研究进展,提出了自己的观点。最后对移动定位精度提高算法研究的未来进行了展望。     

A Hybrid Adaptive Wireless Channel Access Protocol for Multimedia Personal Communication Systems

This paper proposes a new medium access protocol (MAC) protocol for futurewireless multimedia personal communication systems, denoted hybrid andadaptive multiple access control (HAMAC) protocol. The HAMAC protocolintegrates fixed assignment TDMA protocol, reservation-based protocols, andcontention-based protocols into a single wireless network so as tosimultaneously and efficiently support various classes of traffic such asconstant-bit-rate (CBR), variable-bit-rate (VBR), and available-bit-rate (ABR)traffic. In particular, the HAMAC protocol uses a novel preservationslot technique to overcome the packet contention overhead in packetreservation multiple access (PRMA) like protocols, while keeping mostisochronous service features of TDMA protocols to serve voice and CBR trafficstreams. A preservation slot is a very short slot which is used torepresent a CBR connection when the traffic in the CBR connection is in asilent period in which there is no meaningful data to transmit. Due to thevery short length of the preservation slot, it only takes minimalportion of the bandwidth pre-allocated to the CBR connection, so that theremaining bandwidth can be freed for other connections to use. When the CBRsource becomes active again, the preservation slot is replaced bynormal data slots without any reservation operation, extra delay, orsignificant bandwidth loss. Consequently, the guaranteed service andsimplified signaling features of TDMA protocols, together with the adaptivebandwidth allocation features of PRMA-like protocols, are both realized in theHAMAC protocol. We have analyzed the performance of the HAMAC protocol usingextensive simulations. The results show that the HAMAC protocol can achievevery low loss rates for various multimedia traffic with stringent quality ofservice (QoS) requirements and outperforms state-of-the-art PRMA-likeprotocols. As a result, the HAMAC protocol appears to be a good candidate forfuture generation multimedia personal communication systems.     

一种新型混合帧ALOHA和BS防冲突算法

冲突作为RFID系统设计中重要的问题之一。已有多种算法旨在最终减少冲突或在一个可接受的时段内获得精确的识别过程。文中提出的算法能够提供均衡的总体性能及在少量或中等数量标签环境中的良好性能,能够减少数据的冲突,识别起初因冲突而没有被识别的标签。为更好地说明,用仿真的方法展示了算法的与众不同。