充注率及氦气增压对低温贮箱热分层特性影响

为了揭示低温推进剂贮箱的增压规律和热分层特性,在以液氮为贮存介质的低温流体高效贮存平台上,进行了不同充注率下的贮箱自增压及氦气增压实验。得到充注率分别为35%,50%和65%时的贮箱增压速率分别为7.54 kPa·h~(-1),13.02 kPa·h~(-1)和28.26 kPa·h~(-1).获得了达到相同压力水平时各自充注率对应的温度分布,分析了不同充注率时贮箱温度梯度的变化规律。最后使用常温氦气作为增压气体,将贮箱充注率为50%的贮箱分别增压到180 kPa,380 kPa和580kPa,分析了氦气充注过程及达到不同压力水平时贮箱内温度分布变化规律.     

低温液氮贮箱静置增压及放气特性分析

由于外部漏热的影响,静置时低温贮箱内的气枕压力会逐渐升高,压力升高相应地会改变贮箱内气相空间的温度分布。文中对低温液氮贮箱进行了静置增压过程实验,结果表明:增压所耗时间随气枕压力升高而增大,气相空间垂直方向各温度在实验压力范围内也相应升高;低温贮箱在不同的气枕压力下进行了放气过程实验,并对泄压过程中气体流量随气枕压力的变化进行了分析。     

不同工质下热力学排气系统的压力控制及运行特性

以低温贮箱压力控制为目标,建立了热力学排气系统(TVS)和贮箱内流体流动及气液相变过程的数学模型。以18.09m~3低温贮箱在地面工况充注率75%、漏热量0.76W/m~2为例,计算了不同贮存工质(液氢、液氮、液氧)下贮箱自增压过程及开启TVS后对贮箱压力控制的效果。结果表明,相同漏热率下液氢贮箱的气枕升压速率远大于相同充注率下的液氮和液氧贮箱升压速率;TVS运行后三种工质贮箱压力均可有效地控制在165.5~172.4kPa范围内。对比了不同工质热力学排气系统的运行周期、运行时间及排气量等关键参数,同时还分析了贮箱内液体的温度变化规律。     

近壁球形颗粒的曳力特性研究

本文研究了球形颗粒在近壁区域内的曳力特性,基于气体动理论方法推导得到了自由分子区内近壁颗粒沿垂直于平壁方向运动时所受曳力的表达式,其计算结果与直接蒙特卡洛模拟结果一致。计算并分析了动量适应系数、壁面温度等参数对近壁颗粒所受曳力的影响规律和机制。当壁面动量适应系数为零时,近壁效应消失;当壁面温度高于气体温度时,近壁效应使得颗粒所受曳力增大;当壁面温度低于气体温度且颗粒速度较小时,可能出现曳力方向与颗粒运动方向相同的情况。     

壁面催化对再入飞行器等离子体鞘套及电磁参数的影响

针对超高声速流动中的高温真实气体效应,采用数值模拟求解考虑化学非平衡的三维Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,研究了壁面催化对典型再入飞行器等离子体鞘套及电磁参数的影响规律.研究发现:(1)完全催化壁条件下等离子体密度计算结果与飞行试验符合较好;(2)完全催化壁条件下,离解原子在壁面的复合导致波后气体可压缩性增强...     

涡旋压缩机涡旋齿温度分布与变形研究

涡旋压缩机工作过程中涡旋盘的固体温度分布规律,对涡旋齿的受力变形和工作腔内气体的增压过程影响极大;为了得到更为准确的涡旋齿温度分布规律和变形特点,本文建立了涡旋压缩机涡旋齿温度分布模型;研究涡旋齿所接触的气体温度的周期性变化规律,计算任意位置处涡旋齿壁的等效温度;采用气体与涡旋齿壁的对流换热模型,得到涡旋齿壁面温度的分布,以此为热边界条件得到涡旋盘固体温度分布规律;进而研究了涡旋齿在热载荷和压力载荷耦合下的受力和变形规律。结果表明:涡旋齿从中心向外缘其温度逐渐减小,涡旋齿内侧齿壁温度高于外侧齿壁温度。     

页岩气滑脱、扩散传输机理耦合新方法

针对页岩气流动计算中所用耦合机理不同的现状,且为了厘清滑脱和各种扩散之间的关系,首先采用理论分析和数学模型的方法,根据定义和微观运动机制对滑脱和各种扩散进行了分析,然后在考虑吸附层页岩气分子所占空间对气体流动影响的情况下,提出了"壁联扩散"的概念来表征克努森扩散和表面扩散的总效应,并指出壁联扩散和滑脱效应等同,由此提出了壁联扩散和滑脱效应在流动计算中可互换而不重复叠加的耦合新方法.实例验证表明,当毛细管半径从5 nm增大到2000 nm,壁联扩散和滑脱效应的质量通量相对误差较小,在绝大部分范围内都小于10%,且在整个孔径范围内两者平均值相差1.4×10~(-6)kg·m~(-2)·s~(-1),即平均值的相对误差仅为5.8%,该方法可以满足工程计算的需要.考虑到参数选取、机理数学模型有待完善等方面的影响,新方法的论证存在进一步提升的空间.壁联扩散的提出具有实际开发意义和多重研究意义,耦合新方法的提出阐明了滑脱和各种扩散之间的关系,防止了页岩纳米级孔隙中流动机理的重复叠加,能较好改变页岩气流动计算耦合方法不一致的现状,为页岩气开发定量计算指明新方向.     

面向飞机各设计阶段考虑静气动弹性效应的面元法飞行载荷分析方法

针对现代飞机设计对于高效率、高精度飞行载荷分析的迫切需求,建立了面向飞机各设计阶段考虑静气动弹性效应的面元法飞行载荷分析方法,并以此为基础构建了飞机各设计阶段气动弹性优化框架,以加快各阶段的迭代,提高设计效率.概念设计阶段的气动力分析采用低阶面元法,可适应该阶段为确定气动外形参数范围所需的大量计算.初步设计阶段采用高阶面元法开展气动力分析,以兼顾求解精度和效率的需求.详细设计阶段的飞行载荷分析方法在基本面元法的基础上引入了外部高精度CFD气动力或试验气动力,以进一步提高飞行载荷的精度并兼顾求解效率.研究结果表明,所建立考虑静气动弹性效应的面元法飞行载荷分析方法具有较强的工程实用性,可以满足现代飞机各个设计阶段的需要.      

地下爆炸空腔压力和温度历程数值模拟

将气体的渗透、气体与空腔壁的辐射换热、气体与周围介质的热传导三种因素相结合,建立地下爆炸空腔稳定后气体温度和压力变化的数学模型,编制一维球对称有限体积数值模拟程序.用该程序对美国内华达试验场冲积土介质中一次地下核爆炸空腔温度和压力历程进行数值模拟,并对压力监测结果进行分析.     

低温液氮贮箱增压性能及热分层研究

对以液氮为工质的低温贮箱进行了增压实验,气枕压力分别从常压增压至1.93bar、1.53bar、1.21bar,由于实验过程中液位的变化影响,增压速率依次略有下降。建立了贮箱增压数值模型,对1.93bar增压过程进行了模拟分析并与实验值进行了对比。对三组增压实验过程中液氮表面的温度分层情况进行了研究,结果表明液相温度分层主要存在于液氮表面,并且温度分层情况受气枕压力的影响明显,液相主流温度区几乎不随气枕压力变化。     

Transient thermal analysis of a cryogenic oxidizer tank in the liquid rocket propulsion system during the prelaunch helium gas pressurization

The transient thermal behavior in the cryogenic oxidizer tank for the liquid propulsion system of the KSLV-I satellite launching space vehicle is theoretically investigated for the pressurization process by gaseous helium injection followed by the readiness check stage. The numerical model is established using the transient mass and energy conservation of oxygen/helium mixtures both in ullage and liquid regions. At the liquid-gas interface, various modes of heat and mass transfer are considered, including the liquid evaporation and the helium absorption. The present study focuses on the effects of the increasing pressurization level on some of important properties that should be considered in the propulsion system design, such as tank pressure, ullage gas temperature, and evaporation of liquid oxygen. Particularly, the tank pressure drop after the pressurization is investigated in the proposed design of propulsion system. Also, the effect of the initial loading of liquid oxygen in the oxidizer tank is studied and discussed. As for the helium absorption into the liquid region, its mass is negligibly small and it should not be the concern in design and operation of the oxidizer tank system.     

微小卫星贮箱内两相流界面变形定位及控制管理

液化气推进技术是微小伴随卫星在轨飞行采用的一种新型推进技术。微小伴星空间调姿、变轨过程需精确的推力控制,因此必须了解卫星推进系统中推进剂的形位分布。本文理论分析了空间微重力环境下液化气推进剂气/液界面的形位分布及变化,并通过落塔实验验证了微重力环境下有效控制液体推进剂的管理方法。     

增压输送过程中卧式贮罐液氢温度分层研究

分析了大型卧式液氢贮罐增压输出过程中低温介质传热数学模型,揭示了贮罐内液氢温度分布规律,说明了液氢温度分层形成的原因及过程,给出了输出液氢品质保障方法。研究表明:大型卧式液氢贮罐输出过程中液氢温度分布可用修正后的半无限大平板非稳态导热方程描述;在增压压力一定情况下,热液层厚度随着输送时间的增加而增大,且热液层厚度及其温度分布受卧式贮罐截面形状影响;液氢贮罐输出品质与贮罐内热液层厚度密切相关,可通过计算热液层厚度从而确定贮罐留底余量的方法,保证贮罐输出品质。     

Dynamic analysis of solid propellant grains subjected to ignition pressurization loading

Traditionally, the transient analysis of solid propellant grains subjected to ignition pressurization loading was not considered, and quasi-elastic-static analysis was widely adopted for structural integrity because the analytical task gets simplified. But it does not mean that the dynamic effect is not useful and could be neglected arbitrarily, and this effect usually plays a very important role for some critical design. In order to simulate the dynamic response for solid rocket motor, a transient finite element model, accompanied by concepts of time-temperature shift principle, reduced integration and thermorheologically simple material assumption, was used. For studying the dynamic response, diverse ignition pressurization loading cases were used and investigated in the present paper. Results show that the dynamic effect is important for structural integrity of solid propellant grains under ignition pressurization loading. Comparing the effective stress of transient analysis and of quasi-elastic-static analysis, one can see that there is an obvious difference between them because of the dynamic effect. From the work of quasi-elastic-static and transient analyses, the dynamic analysis highlighted several areas of interest and a more accurate and reasonable result could be obtained for the engineer.     

运载火箭剩余推进剂羽流污染量计算

应用真空技术,分析了CZ-4B运载火箭的第三级火箭在星箭分离后,贮箱内剩余推进剂排放的物理过程及推进剂排放对FY-1卫星及SJ-5搭载卫星的可能污染量,给出了问题的基本假设、物理模型和数值解法.对卫星及其副星在排放过程中所遭遇到的最大污染量,给出了计算和分析结果.     

天然气吸附储存容器的结构优化分析

通过对车用小型扁平状储气罐进行合理的优化设计,增强热量的传递,来有效地控制热效应.数值模拟结果表明:在储气罐内加换热管可以使温度分布的不均匀性降低60%以上;再加入肋片可以加强储气罐的结构,提高储气罐的承压能力,也可以使温度分布的不均匀性进一步降低.     

Remote Fourier Transform Infrared Emission Spectroscopy in the Studies of the Solid Propellant Combustions

In this paper infrared emission spectra of the solid propellant combustion using remote Fourier transform spectroscopy have been studied. Both the infrared spectral radiance distributions and gas quantitative method for solid propellant combustions by remote Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy have been presented. In the method we utilize estimating temperature measuring models, which are modified by Junde Wang, based on emission fundamental band measurements of HCl or HF. Through measuring the temperature both the infrared spectral radiance distributions of the solid propellant combustions and their emisivities can be obtained. A remote measured gas concentration model based on combustion temperature, spectral radiance and emissivity has been developed. Field single-ended measurements at long distances for solid propellant plumes at temperature 1700—3500K can be extended to measuring fluctuations of instantaneous temperature and combustion reaction products.     

Burning rate of homogeneous energetic materials with thermal expansion and varying thermal properties in the condensed phase

We present a study of the one-dimensional flame structure of combusting solid propellants that focuses on the effects of thermal expansion and variable thermal properties in the condensed phase. A nonlinear heat equation is derived for a burning thermo-elastic solid with temperature-dependent specific heat, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity coefficients. It is solved for different modelling approximations both analytically and numerically. Explicit expressions are derived for the regression rate of the propellant surface as functions of surface temperature and thermal expansion parameters. A simple one-step reaction model of the gas phase is used to study the full structure of propellent flame and illuminate the influence of temperature-dependent material properties on the regression rate, surface temperature, and flame stand-off distance. Results are displayed for HMX and compared with experimental data and numerical simulation with fair success.     

变燃速发射药两相流内弹道模型及数值模拟

 为了更好地描述变燃速发射药的膛内燃烧及内弹道过程,对中心开孔式双层结构的变燃速发射药建立了一维两相流内弹道数学模型,在Φ30 mm火炮装填条件下采用二阶精度的Lax-Wendroff差分格式进行计算,得到了数值解。计算结果表明：膛内压力和炮口初速度变化曲线的计算值与实测值符合较好,说明此两相流内弹道模型可以准确地反映变燃速发射药的内弹道过程;变燃速发射药可以有效地减少膛内压力波的产生,对于安全射击具有重要意义。通过对气、固相速度及膛内压力波等计算参数进行分析,可以对变燃速发射药的内弹道过程研究起指导作用。     

Importance of lateral momentum equation to the modeling of sandwich propellant combustion

This paper reports the results of numerical studies carried out for a periodic sandwich propellant geometry with two-dimensional unsteady gas and condensed phase. A non-planar regressing surface along with a kinetic model of two reaction steps in the gas phase was used. This paper discusses the importance of lateral momentum equation to the combustion of sandwich propellants. It demonstrates that the instabilities in sandwich combustion reported in literature are due to neglect of lateral momentum equation and incorrect boundary conditions at the regressing surface. It demonstrates that neglect of momentum equations will lead to a different result from the one obtained considering the momentum equations for sandwich propellants.