基于免疫磁分离和酶促信号放大传感器的构建及应用研究

甲胎蛋白(AFP)作为肿瘤标志物,其检测在肝癌早期诊断过程中有着重要意义。磁分离技术能够实现快速无损分离,可以有效简化实验过程。本实验用免疫磁珠作为固相载体连接捕获抗体,并与酶标二抗通过AFP连接形成夹心结构,酶催化外加底物使其显色,最终用紫外分光光度法检测底物浓度间接实现对溶液中AFP的定量检测。体系对AFP的检测范围为10~80ng·mL-1,检出限为3.6ng·mL-1。该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,为AFP的检测提供了新的思路和方法。     

土壤中六种新烟碱类农药残留的分离及光谱研究

建立了一种可同时检测土壤中吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫啉、噻虫胺、烯啶虫胺六种新烟碱类农药残留的方法,该方法操作简单、成本低廉且重现性好,符合环境研究过程中实验量大、样品量多的特点。土壤样品经乙腈：二氯甲烷(2∶1 φ)提取后,进一步用分散液液微萃取处理。分析方法采用Alltima TM C18 色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)分离,PDA检测器检测,外标法定量。六种农药在0.5～200 μg·L-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.998 2～0.999 9,检测限为0.000 5～0.003 μg·mL-1 (S/N=3)。以五种土壤为代表,在0.05,0.1,1.0 mg·kg-1 三个添加水平的平均加标回收率为55.3%～95.6%,相对标准偏差为1.4～7.0%。同时应用紫外分光光度法对净化效果进行考察,证明本实验所建立的方法具有明显的净化作用,因此满足土壤中六种新烟碱类农药残留检测的要求。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中11种防腐剂

建立了化妆品中11种防腐剂HPLC测定方法。样品经甲醇超声提取后,经ZORBAX Extend XDB-C18柱分离,以甲醇-水（pH=8.0）为流动相,采用紫外检测器检测。11种防腐剂分离良好并排除了样品中杂质峰的干扰,各防腐剂在1—200mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系（r〉0.999）,平均回收率为93.4%—102.4%,相对标准偏差为0.81%—3.14%（n=5）,检出限为0.2—2.0mg/L。该方法可简便、快捷、准确的同时测定11种防腐剂。     

固相萃取光谱(SPES)及其在光谱快检中的应用

将被测样品溶液经固相萃取进行分离富集,在不洗脱情况下直接采集固相介质光谱,发展了固相萃取光谱(solid phase extraction spectroscopy,SPES)技术。SPES技术检测速度快、操作简便、检测成本低,非常适合快检要求。将SPES技术应用于紫外可见和荧光光谱检测中,分别建立了空气中痕量光气含量的检测方法和水中超痕量苯并比(BaP)含量的检测方法。研究结果显示,SPES方法大幅度提高了检测灵敏度,改善了方法的选择性,具有良好的应用前景。     

微柱电泳与紫外-可见分光光度法的在线联用

自制了紫外-可见分光光度计的微柱电泳高效分离附件, 介绍了X射线衍射法在电泳微柱制备中的应用以及微柱电泳与紫外-可见分光光度法的在线联用。使用水热法合成均匀石英微米晶粒,采用X射线衍射法表征和控制产物的晶相,并用扫描电子显微镜观察产物形貌。将合成的石英微米晶粒均匀填充在2 mm i.d.石英管中,制成电泳微柱。通过微柱电泳与紫外-可见分光光度法在线联用,对非衍生的色氨酸、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸进行了分离检测。检出限分别为0.037, 0.20和0.20 μmol·L-1,色氨酸的分离效率为每米4.5×104,电泳微柱的样品容量达到35 μL。实验结果表明,填充石英微米晶粒的微柱电泳可抑制大柱径电泳热效应,增大样品容量,提高检测灵敏度。微柱电泳与常规紫外-可见分光光度法联用可简便地对混合物进行在线分离和测定,进一步拓宽了紫外-可见分光光度计在光谱重叠组分痕量分析中的应用。     

紫外分光光度法测定岩盐中的硝酸盐

沸水溶解岩盐样品,过滤除去水不溶物,紫外分光光度法分别测定滤液在220nm和275nm处的吸光度值,计算出样品中NO3-含量。结果表明,3种不同类型岩盐样品中NO-3的回收率为98.0%—102.0%,相对标准偏差为1.03%—2.92%（RSD,n=5）。与百里酚分光广度法和离子色谱法相比,紫外分光光度法简单快速,准确度、灵敏度、精密度高,适用于岩盐样品中硝酸盐含量的快速检测。     

浊点萃取-分光光度法测定彩笔中的灿烂绿

建立了浊点萃取-分光光度法测定灿烂绿的方法.以非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-114为萃取剂,富集、分离灿烂绿,采用分光光度法进行检测.研究了缓冲溶液用量、表面活性剂用量、平衡温度和平衡时间对浊点萃取的影响,得到最佳实验条件：5％的Triton X-114溶液2.5mL、pH3.8的盐酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液2.0mL、平衡温度和时间分别为50℃和15min.在优化的实验条件下,灿烂绿被萃取到Triton X-114相与水相分离.该方法用于彩笔中灿烂绿的测定,结果满意.     

离子液体双水相体系-紫外分光光度法测定恶喹酸

建立了由亲水性离子液体溴化1-乙基-3-丁基咪唑[Emim]Br和K2HPO4形成的双水相体系对恶喹酸的紫外分光光度测定方法。优化了[Emim]Br和K2HPO4成相的条件,研究了萃取恶喹酸的最佳体系。采用混合液体（pH=7.0磷酸盐缓冲液,15%三氯醋酸水溶液）提取样品,离子液体双水相体系的富集。回收率为97.6%—98.7%,相对标准偏差为2.4%—15.3%。该检测猪恶喹酸残留具有干扰小、速度快、灵敏度高等优点。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定保健品中左旋肉碱的含量

建立了反相高效液相色谱测定保健品中左旋肉碱含量的方法.采用Nucleosil C18 (250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.05mol·mL-1磷酸二氢钾(用80%磷酸调pH为2.5)(8:92)为流动相,流速为0.6mL/min,用紫外检测器在210nm波长处检测.标准品及样品均采用0.5mmol/L...     

DAN荧光法等3种测定蛹虫草菌丝体中硒含量的方法比较

通过DAN荧光法,3,3-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法和邻苯二胺紫外分光光度法测定蛹虫草菌丝体中硒的含量,对测得结果进行统计分析,并对其检出限、回收率进行比较研究.研究结果表明,DAN荧光法、3,3-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法和邻苯二胺紫外分光光度法中,硒含量相对标准偏差分别是2.5%,9.2%和6.1%;线性回归系数都大于0....     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Atomic and electronic structures and stability of icosahedral nanodiamonds and onions

The relative stability of alternative carbon nanoparticles with icosahedral symmetry, such as diamond-like nanocrystallites and multiwalled fullerenes (onions), is investigated using the parametric model and the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method. It is demonstrated that an increase in the size of particles and their hydrogenation favor the stabilization of diamond-like nanocrystallites. The formation of “intermediate” nanostructures consisting of diamond-like nanocrystallites inside the fullerene cage is revealed. The electronic spectra of icosahedral carbon nanoparticles are calculated.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Nonlocal potentials and their exact and approximate local and velocity-dependent equivalents

We show that good approximations to the exact equivalent local potential (ELP) and damping factor of a nonlocal Perey-Buck potential can be calculated in the partial wave WKB approximation of Horiuchi. The exact ELP and damping factor are obtained by means of a method previously given by one of us. We also confirm that an approximate ELP proposed by Bauhoff et al. is of comparable accuracy as the Horiuchi approximation. Thesel-dependent ELP's exhibit reduced attraction in the interior and provide a test for higher order WKB approximations. We subsequently obtain an equivalent velocity dependent potential (EVDP) which is even exactly wave function equivalent to the original nonlocal potential. This almost local potential, unlike the trivial equivalent local potential, is smooth and well-behaved and is therefore particularly useful in nuclear reactions where the off-shell behaviour of the potential is important.     

Carriers and sideband pairs and their analogues in physics and Biology

This is a further development of the author's paper A Unified Theory of Biology and Physics. It is found that male and female in biology, as well as particle and antiparticle in physics, are analogues of symmetrical sideband pairs in communication theory. This gives a new point of view from which to investigate the significance and characteristics of these different paired entities.These findings are intimately related to the fact that there are two transform domains of representation of entities in all the cases involved. They are the somatic and the genetic domains in biology, the configuration domain and the domain of conserved observables in physics, and the time and frequency domains in communication.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.