Threshold features of a Brillouin Stokes comb generated in a distributed fiber Raman amplifier

We study threshold features of a Brillouin-shifted Stokes comb generated in a distributed fiber Raman amplifier. When the input power of Brillouin pump is linearly increased in high Raman gain, the first Stokes wave grows exponentially at much lower threshold power and then experiences an appreciable power decrease in the vicinity of the Brillouin comb's threshold. This power reduction of the first Brillouin Stokes, which we did not see mentioned in previous reports, was caused by a power transfer to higher-order lines and initiated Brillouin comb generation. Moreover, the effects of Raman pump power and pumping direction on the threshold of a Brillouin comb are investigated.     

Enhancement of Raman scattering by parametric mixing of the pump with its harmonic

A strong focusing of the pump laser is generally used to reduce the Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) threshold, but it also produces a phase matching condition in the region of strong gain. This causes a large threshold for SRS in the near infrared due both to the increased diffraction limit and to the destructive interaction of antiStokes–Stokes processes. However the phase matching condition can be used to reduce the threshold by Raman parametric mixing (RPM) of the pump with the second harmonic generated by a fraction of pump. It this way we have observed a lowering of the threshold of about a factor 2.3 and an increase of the SRS of the pump.     

Low threshold Raman effect in high power narrowband fiber amplifier

A low-threshold Raman effect in a kilowatt ytterbium-doped narrowband fiber amplifier system is reported. The Raman Stokes light at 1120 nm is achieved with the total output power of only ~400 W, indicating that the Raman threshold of this kilowatt codirectional pumped continuous wave fiber amplifier is much lower than the predicted value estimated by the classic formula. To figure out the mechanism of this phenomenon, simulations based on the general stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) model are analyzed indicating that the key factor is the coupling between four-wave mixing(FWM) and SRS. The simulation results are in good agreement with our experiments.     

Widely tunable Raman ring laser using highly nonlinear fiber

An all-optical widely tunable Raman fiber laser has been realized by incorporating a highly nonlinear fiber in a ring cavity. By feedback a portion of Raman Stokes wave back into the highly nonlinear gain medium, a Raman fiber laser is generated. We found that the lasing wavelength of Raman fiber laser can be tuned from 1537 to 1568 nm with peak power fluctuation within 1 dB, giving a total wavelength tunability of 31 nm. The optical signal-to-noise ratio is found to be wavelength dependent, and the highest optical signal-to-noise ratio of about 59 dB is recorded. The lasing threshold of the Raman fiber laser with this configuration is found to be as low as 300 mW.     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the amplitude-phase characteristics of stimulated Raman scattering

A numerical model describing the processes of generation of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is developed; the calculations are performed and different scenarios of generation of Stokes radiation in compressed hydrogen are analyzed. The spatiotemporal profiles of intensities and phases of interacting waves, the radiation spectra, and the functions of spatial coherence are obtained by way of numerical simulation for different conditions of SRS generation. A substantial difference between these parameters in the cases of nonstationary and quasi-stationary regimes of SRS generation is revealed. The nonstationary regime of generation is characterized by more complicated spatiotemporal dependences than the quasi-stationary regime. However, in the quasi-stationary regime, the phase of the Stokes wave radiation varies over a larger interval during the pump pulse duration, which leads to a decrease in the degree of spatial coherence to lower values. For both regimes of generation, the value of the degree of spatial coherence decreases with an increase in the conversion factor to a certain threshold value and then stabilizes, which is in agreement with experimental data. The presence of a moving focus of SRS focusing of the Stokes beam is demonstrated. This effect is governed by the spatiotemporal shape of the pump beam intensity (the Gaussian profile), by a high SRS gain, and by the processes of diffraction. The results of the numerical simulation are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental data obtained previously.     

Semi-analytical model of Raman generation in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguide with DBR/F-P resonator

An approximate method of modelling of Raman generation in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) rib waveguide with DBR/F-P resonator including spatial field distribution and nonlinear effects such as Raman amplification and two photon absorption (TPA), is developed. In threshold analysis of steady-state Raman laser operation, an analytical formula relating threshold pump power to the system parameters is obtained. The analysis of the above threshold operation is based on an energy theorem. In exact energy conservation relation, we approximate the Stokes field distributions by that existing at the threshold, whereas the approximate pump field distributions are obtained by integrating the equations for the pump signal using the linear (threshold) pump field distributions and the threshold Stokes field distributions. An approximate, semi-analytical expression related the Raman output power to the pump power and system parameters is derived. Our calculations remain in a good agreement with the exact numerical solutions.     

单模石英光纤中连续波泵浦SRS谱的演化

利用连续波掺Yb双包层光纤激光器为泵浦源,对单模石英光纤中受激Raman散射谱的形成过程进行了实验研究结果表明,由自发Raman散射向受激Raman散射演化的过程中Stokes谱宽度不断变窄当Stokes波信号功率较强时,在Raman光谱内部会出现能量红移现象,使Stokes光谱峰值相对于泵浦波的频移量从440cm^-1转化到490cm^-1.     

双折射光纤中拉曼效应对参量放大增益谱的影响

根据激光脉冲在光纤中传输时, 所满足的波动方程, 导出了拉曼效应和参量放大共同作用下, 在双折射光纤中所遵循的耦合模方程, 并引入平行拉曼增益的洛伦兹模型, 给出了输入抽运波偏振方向同双折射轴成45^o 时, 拉曼效应和参量放大共同作用所导致的增益. 讨论并分析了拉曼效应在不同色散区对参量放大增益谱的影响. 结果表明, 在考虑拉曼效应后, 使得参量放大斯托克斯波与反斯托克斯波增益谱彼此不对称; 在反常色散区, 产生的增益以反斯托克斯波为主, 正常色散区则以斯托克斯波为主.     

Subwatt threshold cw Raman fiber-gas laser based on H2-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

We report on what is, to our knowledge, the first cw pumped Raman fiber-gas laser based on a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with hydrogen. The high efficiency of the gas-laser interaction inside the fiber allows operation in a single-pass configuration. The transmitted spectrum exhibits 99.99% of the output light at the Stokes wavelength and a pump power threshold as low as 2.25 W. The study of the Stokes emission evolution with pressure shows that highly efficient Raman amplification is still possible even at atmospheric pressure. The addition of fiber Bragg gratings to the system, creating a cavity at the Stokes wavelength, reduces the Raman threshold power below 600 mW.     

Continuous-wave Raman generation in a diode-pumped Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2 laser

Continuous-wave Raman generation in a compact solid-state laser system pumped by a multimode diode laser is demonstrated. The Stokes radiation of stimulated Raman scattering at 1.181 microm is generated as a result of self-frequency conversion of the 1.067 microm laser radiation in Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2 crystal placed in the cavity. The Raman threshold was measured at 1.15 W of laser diode power. The highest output power obtained at the Stokes wavelength was 54 mW. The anomalous delay of Raman generation relative to the start of laser generation (the oscillation buildup) due to slow accumulation of Stokes photons in the cavity at low Raman gain and Raman threshold dependence not only on the laser intensity but also on the time of laser action are observed.     

Output Characteristics of High-Power Continuous Wave Raman Fiber Laser at 1484 nm Using Phosphosilicate Fiber

A continuous wave (CW) high-power Raman fiber laser (RFL) with maximum output power of 2.24 W and slope efficiency of 32.8% at 1484 nm is obtained using a CW 8.4 W/ 1064 nm Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser as a pump, 700 m phosphosilicate fiber, and cascaded cavities with two pairs of fiber Bragg grating mirrors for the first and the second Stokes orders. Theoretical simulation of the RFL using a very efficient and rapidly converging collocation method is done to understand and optimize the fiber length to obtain maximum second Stokes power. RFL performance for the 300, 700 and 1150 m phosphosilicate fiber lengths was experimentally investigated by observing maximum output power, slope efficiency, threshold power, and full-width at half maximum at the second Stokes wavelength.     

Observation of the Rabi oscillation of light driven by an atomic spin wave

Coherent conversion between a Raman pump field and its Stokes field is observed in a Raman process with a strong atomic spin wave initially prepared by another Raman process operated in the stimulated emission regime. The oscillatory behavior resembles the Rabi oscillation in atomic population in a two-level atomic system driven by a strong light field. The Rabi-like oscillation frequency is found to be related to the strength of the prebuilt atomic spin wave. High conversion efficiency of 40% from the Raman pump field to the Stokes field is recorded and it is independent of the input Raman pump field. This process can act as a photon frequency multiplexer and may find wide applications in quantum information science.     

Raman光激射器

本文从哈密顿量出发,导出描写受激Raman过程的方程式:Laser光、一级Stokes与反Stokes光及相干的声子场的耦合方程,并唯象地引入弛豫耗散。在分子属于远共振情形及比介电常数近似更高一级的近似下,分析了方程的性质。由平衡点稳定性的讨论给出了Raman光激射器的阈值,发现反Stokes激射光的产生并不要求附加的阈条件,即在受激Raman效应中,反Stokes光总是必然出现的。对于Raman光激射器诸工作点的性质及工作过程也作了进一步的讨论,发现在一定条件下,在强激射光源辐照下,存在着Stokes与反Stokes成分几乎各占一半的唯一的稳定平衡点(Raman光激射器的工作点)。文中也顺便讨论了声子弛豫所起的作用及有长寿命的声子时Raman光激射器的行为。     

内腔级联拉曼光纤激光器输出特性的实验研究

采用标准单模石英光纤作为拉曼增益介质，光纤布拉格光栅作为谐振腔镜，研制了一台内腔级联拉曼光纤激光器。利用掺Yb双包层光纤激光器作为抽运源，实现了二级拉曼转换，在波长1176.8nm获得了309mW的最大输出功率，斜率效率接近51.5％。在小抽运功率下，发现拉曼光纤激光器的输出中存在重复周期约为2.9μs的脉冲序列；当抽运功率大于某一值时，上述脉冲消失，获得了十分稳定的连续输出。     

Doping of an absorbent into a Raman crystal for suppression of higher-order Stokes generation

A Raman-active crystal, lanthanum tungstate doped with praseodymium (Pr) ions, was grown to facilitate the selection of the order of Stokes waves in stimulated Raman scattering. Absorption of the second Stokes wave by the Pr ions suppressed conversion to higher-order Stokes waves, resulting in efficient energy conversion to the first Stokes wave.     

Multimode pumped continuous-wave solid-state Raman laser

We demonstrate the continuous-wave operation of a solid-state Raman laser containing a barium nitrate crystal as the Raman medium. The Raman laser, which has a singly resonant cavity, is pumped by multimode radiation. The Raman oscillation threshold is reached at approximately 2 W of pump power. As much as 500 kW/cm2 of Stokes power density at 60-kW/cm2 pump power density is obtained in the cavity.     

Capture of the stokes wave under coherent stimulated raman scattering

Interaction of coherent light pulses with a three-level medium of the “lambda” configuration is studied analytically and numerically. It is shown that in the course of Raman scattering the Stokes wave can be captured in the region of inversion. Conditions are found for complete energy transfer from the pump 2π-pulse to the Stokes wave.     

一种用弱信号光调制的宽带光纤拉曼相干光源

本文考察了光纤中外加可调谐信号光条件下的受激拉曼散射现象,提出一种新的宽带光纤拉曼相干光源的设想。这种光源是利用波长可调的弱信号光来调制固定波长的强泵浦光在光纤中产生的高阶受激拉曼散射,使得高阶受激拉曼散射Stokes峰值波长随弱信号光的波长改变而改变。从而获得一个输出均匀而频带又比信号光宽得多的高强度相干光。     

Stimulated Raman Scattering in Hydrogen Using Capilary Cell

Abstract

Stimulated Raman Scattering processes have been studied and intense Stokes and anti—Stokes laser lines have been observed in a capillary Raman cell filled with molecular hydrogen and pumped by the third harmonic of the Nd:YAG laser at wavelength ?D = 355 nm. Various parametric studies have been performed to establish an optimum condition for the best operation of the Raman laser. The observation of higher—order Stokes and anti—Stokes has been explained on the basis of four—wave mixing and/or cascade energy transfer processes.     

S波段光纤拉曼放大器中级联受激布里渊散射串扰的实验研究

研究了光纤激光器前向抽运的S波段分布式光纤拉曼放大器中级联的受激布里渊散射(SBS)串扰现象。用窄光谱带宽(<100MHz)的可调谐激光二极管作为信号源,通过S波段分布式光纤拉曼放大器,当被放大的信号功率超过单模光纤受激布里渊散射的阈值时,出现了前向受激布里渊散射,这是传导声波布里渊散射在光纤放大器中放大的现象。随着拉曼放大器抽运功率的提高,在斯托克斯区,出现了两阶受激布里渊散射线,在实验中观测到偶数阶的受激布里渊散射谱线功率大于奇数阶的布里渊一瑞利散射线。当进一步增加拉曼放大器的抽运功率,出现了前向级联的多阶受激布里渊散射现象,拉曼放大器的增益下降,被放大的信号功率转换为受激布里渊散射,噪声变大。受激布里渊散射的串扰破坏了拉曼放大器的特性,使拉曼放大器无法在密集波分复用光纤传输系统中使用,因此需要严格地控制入纤的信号功率和放大器的抽运功率。在实验中还观测到在光纤拉曼放大器中被放大的信号光和受激布里渊散射线两侧的伴线。