CdTe中Zn的定域模和准定域模晶格振动

本文报道4.2—300K和20—350cm^-1范围内低组份Cd_1-xZn_xTe混晶远红外吸收与反射光谱。实验观察到Zn及ZnTe在CdTe中诱发的定域模和准定域模以及类CdTe2TA双声子吸收过程。用质量缺陷模型结合格林函数方法估计了模式频率。用等位移模型计算了混晶的双模行为并拟合反射光谱,对类CdTe和类ZnTe模的弛豫与声子吸收强度的温度效应也作了计算和解释。 关键词：     

Optical characterization of natural and synthetic opals by Bragg reflection spectroscopy

The Bragg reflection of light from natural and synthetic opals was studied experimentally, and the samples were characterized by atomic-force microscopy. The reflection spectra were theoretically calculated within the model of a planar, periodically layered medium. A comparison of the experimental and calculated data made it possible to determine the parameters of the crystal structure of synthetic opals (lattice constants and sintering coefficients of a-SiO₂ particles). It was concluded that the pores in the structure of natural opals are filled by a material with a refractive index close to that of a-SiO₂.     

Optical spectra and energy band structure of AgAsS2 crystals

Ground and excited states of three exciton series are observed in the region of fundamental absorption edge of AgAsS₂ crystals. The contours of exciton reflection spectra are calculated and the main parameters of excitons and energy bands are determined in the center of Brillouin zone. The optical reflection spectra are investigated at 30 K in E∥c and E⊥c polarizations in AgAsS₂ crystals in the region of 2-6 eV. The optical functions are calculated from the reflection spectra and a scheme of electronic transitions responsible for peculiarities of reflection spectra deep into the absorption band is proposed.     

Probe into the reflection from GaP nanoparticles via different solutions of radiative transfer equation

The reflection and absorption spectra of gallium phosphide (GaP) nanoparticles were measured. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) for the medium with scattering and absorption is solved by three different solutions. The ratio of the absorption and scattering coefficients (E _a/E _s) of the GaP nanoparticles layer is calculated from the reflection spectrum via the three solutions, respectively, and the result derived with the three-flux model is closest to the exact solution given by Giovanelli. The E _a/E _s curves all exhibit the energy band gaps of GaP nanoparticles, which are consistent with the absorption spectrum measurement. The shape of the reflection spectrum is mainly determined by the absorption, and the scattering only influences its intensity. The energy band structure of the powder sample plays an important role in the reflection phenomenon, and the reflectance data can be used for quantitative analyses.     

Exciton and phonon spectra of acoustooptic Tl3AsS3 crystals

The λ-modulated exciton reflection spectra of Tl₃AsS₃ crystals are investigated at 8 and 77 K, in which the ground (n=1) and excited (n=2, 3) exciton states are revealed. Taking into account the spatial dispersion, the shapes of λ-modulated reflection spectra of the n=1 line are calculated and the basic parameters of excitons and bands are determined (the translational and reduced masses of excitons and the effective masses of electrons and light and heavy holes). The one-phonon reflection spectra are studied in the region from 50 to 500 cm^?1 in polarizations E ∥ c and E ⊥ c. The shapes of one-phonon reflection spectra are calculated and the parameters of vibrational modes E and A ₂ are determined.     

Raman and far IR studies on Ag2CdI4 and Cu2CdI4 superionic compounds

Raman spectral studies, far infrared reflection and transmission spectra for the superionic conductors Ag₂CdI₄, Cu₂CdI₄ at 300 K are reported. From these studies the TO and LO modes are assigned and optical conductivity in the region 30 cm^-1-150 cm^-1 are calculated. The behaviour of conductivity in this frequency region is explained on the basis of jump diffusion model.     

Calculation of long-wavelength optical phonons and lattice reflection spectra of Al1−xGaxP mixed crystals

The two-mode behaviour of the infrared lattice vibrations of Al_1–x Ga _x P mixed crystals is described by the random-element-isodisplacement model with an effective electric field and phenomenological damping (EREI). The calculated long-wavelength transverse and longitudinal optical frequencies in dependence on the compositionx are in agreement with experimental measurements. The infrared lattice reflection spectra are calculated and fitted to the measured one by variation of damping parameters. The final values of the damping parameters are represented in dependence on the compositionx.This work has been done in the Arbeitsgemeinschaft AIII-BV-Halbleiter of the Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig and was supported by the VEB Halbleiterwerk Frankfurt/Oder.     

Analysis of errors in optical functions calculated from the Kramers-Kronig relations

The effect of errors in the measured reflection coefficient and in the calculated phase on the accuracy of calculations of optical functions is studied in the particular case of the Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ crystal, whose reflection spectra have been measured over a wide energy range (1.5–30 eV) with the help of a synchrotronradiation source. The four most common extrapolation models are compared. The effect of the physical and mathematical components on the accuracy with which optical functions are calculated is analyzed. Corresponding practical recommendations are offered.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 25–29, March, 1989.     

X-ray double-crystal rocking curves in GaAlAs/GaAs heterostructures

Summary X-ray double-crystal rocking curves of Ga_1−x Al _x As/GaAs heterostructures have been calculated using a dynamical diffraction model for the general case of Bragg reflection geometry. Different experimental configurations have been considered and the possibility of studying both slightly mismatched and relatively thin layers has been investigated. Experimental rocking curves have been measured using the CuKα ₁ radiation, the 004 symmetric reflection and a perfect crystal as the monochromator. An excellent agreement between calculated and experimental rocking curves has been found and this demonstrates the reliability of both the experimental procedure and the theoretical approach.     

Gulyaev–Bleustein Waves in a Layered Structure of Piezoelectric – Periodic Granular High-Temperature Superconductor Structure

Bragg's interactions of Gulyaev–Bleustein surface waves with a periodic granular high-temperature superconducting medium are studied. Dispersion equations describing the characteristics of surface acoustoelectric waves are derived for piezoelectrics of 4 and 6mm symmetry. Resonance absorption of surface acoustoelectric waves is revealed near the critical temperature. The reflection coefficients for surface acoustoelectric waves in Ba₂Si₂TiO₃ from semi-finite and finite periodic high-temperature superconducting structures are calculated. The results obtained for this model problem can be used for solving similar problems for strong piezoelectrics (e.g., lithium niobate) and for designing tunable frequency selectors and transient bolometric photodetectors.     

Surface scattering of electrons on copper whiskers and its influence on the electrical resistivity at 4.2 K

The effect of specimen size on the electrical resistivity at 4.2 K of copper whiskers having transverse dimensions in the order of the electron mean-free path was measured. The experimental data are interpreted by means of a modified Nordheim formula adapted to the exact theory of Dingle. Assuming for copper the value of the productQ ₀·λ obtained from the free electron model a specularity parameterp for the surface scattering of conduction electrons is deduced from the diameter dependence of the sample resistivity. Values ofp=0.45 (up to 0.66 in an individual case) andp=0.18 are calculated exhibiting that significant specular reflection is present. Differences in the amount of specular reflection appear to arise from differences in the microscopically observed surface conditions of the whiskers.     

Studies of coupled molybdate and tungstate vibrations

The polarized Raman and infrared reflection spectra of molybdate and tungstate compounds of barium and strontium are presented and analyzed. The longitudinal and transverse frequencies of the infrared active phonons were calculated by a Kramers-Kronig analysis of the reflection curves. A strain induced forbidden mode was observed in the reflection spectra that gives interpretation of the strong shoulder on the ν₃ bands in the absorption spectra of mulled samples. The correlation field splittings of the internal modes were analyzed in terms of dipole-dipole interaction theory. The correlation field splittings of the ν₃ modes were found to be explainable in terms of dipolar coupling alone, while the splittings of the ν₂ and ν₄ modes could not be accounted for in terms of dipolar coupling.     

Energy band structure and Frenkel excitons in PbGa2S4

Optical reflection spectra are measured and calculated in PbGa₂S₄ crystals in the region of resonances related to excitons with large oscillator strength and binding energy (Frenkel excitons). The splitting of the upper valence band in the center of the Brillouin zone due to crystal field (Δ_cf) and spin orbit (Δ_so) interaction are determined. Optical reflection spectra are measured and calculated according to Kramers-Kronig relations in the region of 3-6 eV in Е⊥с and Е∥с polarizations, and the optical constants n, k, ε₁ and ε₂ are determined. The observed electronic transitions in PbGa₂S₄ crystals are discussed in the frame of theoretical energy band structure calculation for thiogallate crystals.     

Omni-directional reflection bands in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystals

In this paper the omni-directional reflection bands in one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal (PPC) have been studied theoretically. We present the study of plasma photonic crystal, having alternate regions of plasma?dielectric (Al₂O₃ or ZnS). Reflectances from this periodic multilayered structure in TE- and TM-modes are calculated for different angles of incidence in microwave region for omni-directional reflection bands. The reflectance is obtained by solving a Maxwell's equation using a translational matrix method. In addition to this, we have also studied the effect of variation of plasma width as well as plasma density on the reflection properties of plasma dielectric photonic crystal in TE- and TM-modes. The study of reflectance bands of such plasma photonic crystals shows that it can be used as omni-directional reflector.     

Thermal expansion and mean-square displacements of metal and boron atoms in dysprosium diboride DyB<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Dysprosium diboride is investigated by x-ray diffraction in the temperature range 4.2–300 K. The data obtained are used to determine the (301) and (104) interplanar distances and the corresponding intensities of the x-ray reflections. The calculated linear and bulk thermal expansion coefficients of the DyB₂ compound are characterized by a pronounced anomaly in the temperature range corresponding to the magnetic transformation. The estimates of the mean-square displacements for the Dy and B atoms (calculated from the reflection intensities) are satisfactorily described by the Debye dependences with the characteristic temperatures θ_Dy = 210 K and θ_B = 800 K.     

Mössbauer diffraction on ferroelectric Li2Ge7O15

Room temperature Mössbauer diffraction experiments on Li₂Ge₇O₁₅ are reported. Due to the presence of additional lattice points near the surface of the Ewald sphere of the used geometry a minimum appears in the inelastically scattered contribution of the 0-0-8 reflection. No elastically scattered intensity is observed at the angular range corresponding to the 0-0-9 reflection supporting Pbcn as space group at room temperature. The calculated ratio of the first order thermal diffuse scattered intensity included, in the background to the total thermal diffuse scattered intensity differs strongly from the experimental results.     

Dependence of second harmonic generation efficiency on the density of the optical mode

The results of numerical simulations of second harmonic generation in photonic band gap structures with GaAs/AlAs and SiO₂/GaAs quarter-wave layers under the action of a femtosecond pulse pump are presented. The transmission and reflection coefficients and the density of the optical modes for these photonic band gaps were calculated.     

Far infrared measurements of bulk and surface phonons in GaAs/AlAs superlattices

We have used far-infrared oblique-incidence reflection spectroscopy to study bulk phonon polaritons, and attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy to study surface phonon polaritons, in long-period GaAs/Al_xGa_1–xAs and short-period GaAs/AlAs superlattices. Results on the former are in good agreement with an effective-medium bulk-slab model of the dielectric tensor of the superlattice; results on the latter are analysed in terms of a model that contains dielectric-tensor contributions from the confined optic phonons.     

Mode dispersion in the optical-phonon spectra of mixed crystals ZnS1−x Sex

The IR reflection and the Raman spectra of ZnS_1?x Se_x crystals (0≤ x ≤ 1) are measured. The mode dispersion of the solid solutions is found to deviate from that calculated using an isodisplacement model. The reasons behind this deviation are discussed. Two additional modes are found in the frequency range between the ZnS-like TO and LO modes. It is assumed that one of them is a line of the second-order spectrum amplified by the Fermi resonance and the other is linked to the resonance (additional local) mode of Se impurity atoms. The latter conclusion is confirmed by calculating the spectrum of a Se impurity in a ZnS crystal in terms of the microscopic lattice dynamics theory in the low impurity concentration approximation. The oscillator strengths of the main and additional optical phonons in ZnS_1?x Se_x solid solutions are discussed.     

Single-parameter expression for ions reflection from surfaces

Based on a detailed analysis of the Boltzmann equation for ion transport in solids, it has been shown that for low-energy ions incident on a heavy element target the distribution function of the ions can be determined by one single parameter, called the scaled transport cross-section, which was defined earlier [1]. This means that the transport quantities of different ion-target-energy combinations should be similar only when their scaled transport cross-section is the same. To test this significant conclusion, we undertook a set of systematic and extensive calculations of reflection coefficients using the improved bipartition model of ion transport. The systematic calculations include 3410 ion-target-energy combinations, namely H, D, T, He, Li, B, C, N, O, Ne ions with energy ranges from 10 eV to 1 MeV normally incident to C, Al, Cu, Mo, Ag, W, Au, Pb, U targets. The only restrictions isM ₁/M ₂<1/6. The calculations verify that particle and energy reflection coefficients present an excellent one-to-one correspondence to the scaled transport cross-section. Furthermore, based on the calculations, universal expressions for both particle reflection coefficients and energy reflection coefficients for normal ion incidence have been obtained by fitting the numerical data. By comparing the results calculated by the universal expressions with experimental and Monte Carlo data, it is shown that the expression can describe reflection coefficients well.