近Bohr速度I20+离子在不同靶面上的L壳层X射线辐射

在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室,利用硅漂移X射线探测器探测了4.5 MeV I20+离子入射到Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn靶表面时产生I的L壳层X射线.实验观察到Li,La1,2,Lb1,3,4,Lb2,15,Lg1,Lg2,3,4,4'等6组分辨较好的谱线,各分支X射线的能量发生了蓝移;Lb1,3,4,Lb2,15与L...     

Consistency of ΛΛ hypernuclear events

In this work, we report on the study of Ni-doped SnO₂ nanoparticles prepared by a polymer precursor method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data analysis evidenced the formation of only the tetragonal rutile-type phase in all samples. Meanwhile, the mean crystallite size shows a progressive reduction with the Ni content, the unit cell volume and residual strain does not show any clear dependence on the Ni content. Room temperature M?ssbauer spectra were well modeled by using two doublets which represent the particle core and shell surface regions. Assuming that the isomer shift (IS) of the core region remains constant for all samples, the isomer shift of the shell region shows a linear increase with the Ni content. That increase was assigned to the progressive increase in the s-electronic density produced by either the generation of oxygen vacancies or the formation of Ni complexes at the surface due to the surface segregation of Ni ions as the Ni content is increased. Larger QS values obtained for the doublet of the shell are associated with the stronger distortions in the nearest surrounding of tin atoms produced by the surface segregation of Ni ions.     

Effect of oxygen deficiency on optical band gap shift in Er-doped ZnO thin films

Er-doped ZnO films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering technique at different oxygen flow rate. The microstructures, the chemical state of the oxygen and the optical absorption properties of ZnO:Er films were investigated. The X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) results and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses about the oxygen in the doped samples indicated that oxygen flow rate has great effect on the crystalline quality of ZnO:Er films. It was concluded that the decrease of the crystalline quality of the samples was caused by the oxygen deficiency. The optical absorption properties and the shift of the optical band gaps were investigated. The analysis reveals that the blue shift of the band gaps was caused due to the decreasing of O²⁻ions at the intrinsic sites and the increasing of O²-ions at the oxygen deficient regions.     

Effects of atomic oxygen treatment on structures, morphologies and electrical properties of ZnO:Al films

ZnO:Al (ZAO) film has a potential application in providing spacecrafts the protection against atomic oxygen (AO) erosion. To advance the understanding of the AO resisting mechanisms and the relationships between the structures, morphologies and conductive properties of ZAO film, direct current magnetron sputtered ZAO films with different thicknesses were treated with AO in a ground-based simulation facility. The microstructure, surface chemical state, morphologies and electrical properties of pristine films and irradiated ones were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Hall measurement. It is found that AO exposure produces novel, oriented recrystallization of the surface particles. It also increases the content of oxygen ions in fully oxidized stoichiometric surroundings on the surface, resulting in the decrease of the conductivity. As the thickness of ZAO film increases, the crystallinity, conductivity and resistance to AO erosion are all improved.     

不同离子激发Au靶的多电离效应

重离子与固体表面相互作用时,会引起靶原子内壳层的电离,相应空穴退激过程中发射的X射线对研究重离子与固体表面的相互作用有着重要意义,可为相关研究提供基础数据.目前,在K和L壳层电离方面做了一些工作,而M壳层的研究较少,本文依托兰州重离子加速器国家实验室320 kV高电荷态离子综合研究平台,测量了不同能量的H~+, Ar~(8+), Ar~(12+), Kr~(13+)和Eu~(20+)离子与Au表面作用产生的特征X射线谱及其能移,计算了X射线的产额比值.结果表明:重离子引起了靶原子内壳层的多电离,多电离效应使Au的MX射线有不同程度的能移;多电离程度取决于入射离子能量、离子的原子序数和其外壳层的空穴数量.     

Multiple ion scattering

The energy spectra and the angular distributions of noble gas ions, reflected from a metal surface, yield information about a number of important properties of this surface. A large number of investigations have been carried out in the past decades, not only to get insight into the interaction mechanism but also to develop methods for applying of the knowledge gained. To obtain information about the outermost surface layer, it appears necessary to use noble gas ions as primary particles, and to detect the scattered particles in the charged state only; the fraction of noble gas ions reaching the detector, after reflection from target atoms in the second layer, is very small because of the high probability of neutralization. However, this is only valid if the initial energy of the incoming ions is relatively low, namely ? 10 KeV. Under certain experimental circumstances it appears justifiable, down to a lower limit of about 20 eV, to conceive the interaction of these ions with the target atoms as single collisions. The relation between the initial energy and the post-collision energy is then very simple if the collision is an elastic one; it depends upon the scattering angle and upon the ratio of the two given masses only and not upon the interaction potential. The shift of the peaks in an energy spectrum is caused by inelastic collisions and is relatively small in the considered energy region. The causes of this shift will be discussed. As opposed to single collisions, the post-collision energies after a multiple collision depend largely upon the interaction potential. Attention will be paid to the search for these potentials. Utilization of the multiple collision phenomenon in the study of surface geometry is hampered by the vibrational motion of the surface atoms. As a result, the energy spectra are blurred and a shift of the so-called quasi-single and quasi-double peaks can occur. Under certain conditions a third peak emerges which can give additional information about the surface vibrations. The intensity of the scattered ions depends upon the cross section for scattering. Recently it has been shown that the relation between this cross section and the initial energy has an oscillating character for certain combinations of incident ions and target atoms. This phenomenon has very important consequences, e.g. in the use of single ion scattering as an analytical tool. To investigate surface structures it appears that single and multiple ion scattering, combined with LEED and AES, can provide valuable information.     

Hydrogen interaction with EUVL-relevant optical materials

Mo/Si multilayer mirrors were exposed to deuterium ions with well-defined energies in order to gain insight into the effects of Extreme UV light driven plasma generation on reflective elements in commercial lithography equipment. Post-irradiation analysis by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry showed erosion of both Mo and Si layers for the highest energy 50 eV/D and exposure time 5.4 × 10⁴ s. Nuclear Reaction Analysis revealed detectable deuterium retention for energies ⩾25 eV/D. Surface analysis by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy showed erosion of the first Si layer for energies ⩾5 eV/D. Inferences on the spatial distribution of trapped deuterium are made on the basis of available data regarding deuterium retention in the materials in question.     

AMS重核素测量的入射离子X射线探测法

介绍了在加速器质谱学中发展的入射离子 X射线的探测技术,以便应用于测定中重同位素的同量异位素鉴别 .描述了在中国原子能科学研究院加速器质谱计上建立的入射离子 X射线探测装置和实验结果 .通过测量入射离子 X射线,实现了64Cu测量中对同量异位素64Ni和64Zn的鉴别 ,以及79Se测量中对79Br的鉴别. In recent years, a new technique to detect the charteristic X ray from projectile ions in accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has been developed. After analysis in the routine AMS system, the ions are stopped in an appropriately chosen target in steat of an ion detector and induced X ray are detected for identification of ions by atomic number. For the application of AMS to higher mass isotopes with mass number>20 using small accelerator, the characteristic X rays technique is better...     

Physical and chemical response of polypropylene irradiated with 70 MeV carbon and 150 MeV nickel-ions

Polypropylene films were irradiated with C⁵⁺ (70 MeV) and Ni¹¹⁺ (150 MeV) ions of varying fluence. The ion induced optical, chemical and structural changes were investigated using UV-Vis and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). UV-Vis data showed an increase of optical absorbance and a shift of the absorption edge towards the red end of the spectrum when the ion fluence was increased. This shift may be attributed to the greater degree of conjugation. FTIR analysis revealed the formation of alcoholic and ketonic groups. Significant loss of crystallinity occurred with increasing ion fluence.     

Synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure study on oxidative etching of diamond-like carbon films by hyperthermal atomic oxygen

Surface structural changes of a hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) film exposed to a hyperthermal atomic oxygen beam were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-PES), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). It was confirmed that the DLC surface was oxidized and etched by high-energy collisions of atomic oxygen. RBS and real-time mass-loss data showed a linear relationship between etching and atomic oxygen fluence. SR-PES data suggested that the oxide layer was restricted to the topmost surface of the DLC film. NEXAFS data were interpreted to mean that the sp² structure at the DLC surface was selectively etched by collisions with hyperthermal atomic oxygen, and an sp³-rich region remained at the topmost DLC surface. The formation of an sp³-rich layer at the DLC surface led to surface roughening and a reduced erosion yield relative to the pristine DLC surface.     

Study of the structural and thermal properties of plasma treated jute fibre

Jute fibres (Corchorus olitorius), were treated with argon cold plasma for 5, 10 and 15 min. Structural macromolecular parameters of untreated and plasma treated fibres were investigated using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the crystallinity parameters of the same fibres were determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the thermal behavior of the untreated and treated fibres. Comparison and analysis of the results confirmed the changes in the macromolecular structure after plasma treatment. This is due to the swelling of cellulosic particles constituting the fibres, caused by the bombardment of high energetic ions onto the fibre surface. Differential scanning calorimetry data demonstrated the thermal instability of the fibre after cold plasma treatment, as the thermal degradation temperature of hemicelluloses and cellulose was found lowered than that of raw fibre after plasma treatment. PACS  61.82.Pv; 61.82.Rx ; 52.77.-j; 61.10.Eq; 68.60.Dv     

Study of the impact of steady-state plasma on radiation-damaged tungsten

Experimental studies of tungsten (as a candidate plasma-facing material for a fusion reactor) whose properties will degrade as a result of its contact with near-wall plasma and irradiation with neutrons are performed. The effect of a high level of radiation damages (1–100 displacements per atom) on deuterium accumulation and erosion caused by tungsten irradiation with deuterium plasma was studied. Radiation damages are obtained as a result of the irradiation of tungsten samples with high-energy ions in an accelerator (He⁺², C⁺³, 4–10 MeV). Then the samples are exposed to steady-state deuterium plasma at the LENTA facility (National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute). The effects of the erosion of tungsten and accumulation of hydrogen isotopes in it are studied. Modification of the surface microstructure and radiation swelling is observed. The helium and deuterium concentrations were measured using the methods of nuclear elastic backscattering and elastic recoil detection analysis. An increased accumulation of deuterium in the damaged layer to a depth of about 5 μm is revealed.     

GaN基白光LED可靠性研究与失效分析

针对LED样品检测中的样品短路失效、LED光源黑化、光通量下降和芯片表面通孔异常现象,采用金相切片、机械微操、静电测试等方式结合扫描电镜和能谱仪（EDS）等表征手段对失效机制进行了分析,揭示了LED失效原因。包括镀层银离子与杂质硫离子导致光源黑化;芯片抗静电电压低,部分样品发生静电击穿;失效芯片通孔下面的Ni-Sn共晶层存在大量空洞,使得复杂结构的芯片通孔应力不均,样品工作时芯片表面开裂破碎,从而导致PN结短路失效;封装胶中残存的杂质离子腐蚀芯片负电极导致电极脱落而出现漏电、光衰和死灯等现象。     

Quasi-ordered nanostructures on the surface of strontium titanate

The results of the investigation of the surface of strontium titanate single crystals after treatment with high-energy plasma are presented. The surface morphology of the strontium titanate single crystals and the change in its characteristics after plasma treatment have been studied using electron scanning and atomicforce microscopy. A change in the electronic state of a part of the titanium ions and a change in the stoichiometry in the modified near-surface layer have been found by the method of valence shift of X-ray lines. A preliminary analysis has been made of the conditions providing the formation of single- and two-level systems of ordered crystallites with sizes of 10⁻⁷–10⁻¹⁰ m on the surface of single-crystal strontium titanate with impurities of ions of the iron and lanthanum groups.     

Influence of low-energy Argon ions on thermal and surface properties of polycarbonate films

Low-energy Argon ions from electron cyclotron resonance ion source were bombarded on polycarbonate films. The interaction of ions with the surface of the material was studied by using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis and atomic force microscopy. The study reveals that the surface roughness of the films increases with the modification of the surface morphology induced by ion irradiation. Thermal decomposition zone of irradiated samples has extended and hence thermal stability has also improved. Changes in the structural parameters and functional groups were observed after irradiation. These ion-induced changes and their significance were discussed in this paper.     

晶体中离子质量差异与激活离子光谱线热加宽和热位移

证明了基质晶体离子的质量差异对其中的激活离子光谱线的热加宽和热位移有贡献，对于单声子吸收或发射机制产生的热加宽和热位移而言，其贡献可以用一个乘积因子D^2表示，对于喇曼散射机制引起的热加宽，其贡献可以用乘积因子D^4表示，文中分别给出两种离子组成的晶体和三种离子组成的晶体的D的表示式。     

An experimental study of the dependence on the current intensity ofthe erosion of thoriated tungsten cathodes in plasma arcs

The erosion occurring in thoriated tungsten cathodes used in transferred plasma torches operating with current intensities ranging from 30 to 210 A has been experimentally investigated. The cathode erosion rate was determined by measuring the cathode's weight loss after arcing, and the eroded cathode surface was explored by a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. It has been discovered that a critical current intensity, I_CR ~ 50 A, exists for which the cathode erosion rate becomes maximum     

Analysis of a tungsten surface irradiated by fast ions and deuterium plasma

The effects occurring on the surface of tungsten under irradiation with fast ions with an energy in the megaelectrolvolt range and with high fluxes of hydrogen (deuterium) plasma are considered. These effects are radiation damage of the surface layer of the material, its erosion and deuterium retention in it. Irradiation with helium ⁴He²⁺ (3.2–4.0 MeV) and carbon ¹²C³⁺ (10 MeV) ions is performed using a cyclotron at the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute. The thickness of the damaged layer is 3.5–6 μm. The irradiated samples are exposed to steady-state deuterium plasma using a LENTA linear plasma facility to reach a plasma ion fluence of 10²¹–10²² cm^?2. Tungsten erosion and modification of the structure of the damaged layer are analyzed at a plasma-ion energy of 250 eV. Deuterium retention in the damaged layer is studied by elastic recoil detection analysis. The deuterium concentration and its penetration depth into the material are measured. The data obtained for different kinds of fast ions used in the work are compared.     

Heavy-ion-induced desorption of deuterium from titanium

A titanium-layer of approximately 90 nm thickness has been homogeneously loaded with deuterium by implantation and diffusion. Desorption was studied by use of²⁸Si ions of up to 20 MeV energy (and other ions). The spectrum of the elastic-recoil-detection method serves as indication of the released and retained amount of deuterium. The retained deuterium is recorded as a function of the employed ion dose and is converted into a desorption rate as a function of the retained deuterium concentration. — A one-dimensional theory considering transitions from vacuum to surface and surface to Ti volume (and back) leads to a system of equations, the solutions of which allow adaptation to the experiment and therefore an evaluation with respect to certain characteristic parameters. — Some of the results might be influenced by the high concentration of C and O impurities.     

An x-ray photoelectron-spectroscopy study of Naβ-alumina surfaces

The cleavage-face of a sodim-β-alumina crystal was studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A detailed quantitative analysis, which took into account the particular layered structure in this crystal, revealed a significantly (≈50%) Na deficient surface produced by cleaving the crystal along a conduction plane. The expressions derived for the elemental composition are applicable to any layered structure. Ion sputtering of the cleavage surface caused atom mixing in the layered structure as well as a preferential removal of the mobile sodium ions. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) measurements showed that unlike the cleavage surface, the edge surface contains a significantly high concentration of sodium.