Une condition de déviation des fissures dans les CMC et les multicouches

A crack deflection criterion is proposed on the basis of the Cook and Gordon mechanism. The stress state induced by a crack was computed in an elementary cell of bimaterial using the finite element method. An interface failure criterion was established in terms of strengths and elastic moduli of constituents. A master curve was produced. It allows matrix crack deflection to be predicted with respect to constituents properties and interface strength. The model can be used also to evaluate the strength of interfaces and interphases in ceramic matrix composites and in multilayers. To cite this article: S. Pompidou, J. Lamon, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Détection de fissures dans les poutres d'acier : une nouvelle approche par balayage de mesures de vibrations

In the last few years, the techniques of detection and identification of damage in structures benefited from important research efforts. Several methods of non-destructive damage detection, such as techniques based on modal analysis, were developed in addition to the traditional methods. The difficulties encountered by these techniques are their low performance, considering the industrial requirements to detect cracks as early as possible.     

Composites graphite/sel pour le stockage d'énergie à haute température : étude des effets du graphite et de la microstructure des composites sur les propriétés de changement de phase des sels

Thermal energy storage at high temperature is an efficient way for energy saving in the industrial sector, as well as a key component for power generation based on renewable energy resources. Thermal energy storage technology based on phase change materials (mainly salts) has been identified to meet the requirements of investment costs and compactness. However, the low thermal conductivity of salts (1 W/m/K) could be a limiting factor concerning power. To overcome such a drawback, new materials combining salts with graphite have been developed. Nevertheless, it is important to verify that no degradation of the salts storage properties is induced by their thermal conductivity enhancement. In this Note, the effects of the graphite and the composites graphite/salt microstructure on the phase change properties of salts are analysed. To cite this article: J. Lopez et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Prévision de la répartition de la pression sous des véhicules à chenilles Ilème partie - effects des paramètres de conception du système de suspension des chenilles sur la répartition de la pression sur le sol

The effects of vehicle design parameters on ground pressure distribution and track tension are evaluated quantitatively using the analytical method described in Part I of this paper. The ground pressure distribution of a vehicle is closely related to vehicle sinkage and external motion resistance, while the track tension affects the internal resistance of the track-suspension system. It is found that the number of road wheels on the track has a significant effect on both ground pressure distribution and track tension. On the other hand, the diameter of the road wheels has only a moderate influence on track tension and a rather insignificant effect on ground pressure distribution. The stiffnesses of the suspension and the track tensioning springs have varying degrees of influence on ground pressure distribution and track tension dependent upon terrain stiffness. It is also found that the initial track tension has a significant effect on the actual track tension over a wide range of terrain and a slight to moderate influence on ground pressure distribution, dependent upon terrain stiffness.It should be noted that although individually some of the design parameters have only a slight or moderate effect on ground pressure distribution and track tension, their combined effects may be significant. Therefore, in the selection of design parameters of the track-suspension system, their combined influence must be carefully examined.     

Simulation du front d'écoulement dans les procédés de moulage des composites liquides

This work proposes a procedure of finite difference discretized in a system of curvilinear coordinates adapted to the shape of the saturated zone, to simulate a flow in the LCM (Liquid Composites Molding) process. Formulation and the numerical application of the procedure are described. We describe two configurations of injections. A good agreement is found between numerical, analytical and literature experimental results. To cite this article: M. Hattabi et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Methode de centrage-estimation de l'erreur et comportement des trajectoires dans l'espace des phases

We establish certain estimates of the error of the averaging method for differential equations in Banach spaces in the [0, ∞[ interval of the variable t. If there is an equilibrium point common to the exact and averaged equations, we study, under certain stability hypotheses, the behavior of the solutions of the exact equation according to the type of the equilibrium point for the averaged equation (node, focus, …).     

Une nouvelle définition des volumes libres dans les liquides non associés: application à la détermination des diamètres moléculaires

Résumé Une étude systématique des volumes libres extrapolés à fluidité nulle a été menée sur une vingtaine de liquides. Une nouvelle équation est proposée pour ce volume libre limite, noté «V.L.L.» et nous la comparons à celle déduite des calculs de l'Hydrodynamique classique; elle permet de déterminer les valeurs de diamètres moléculaires; ces dernières sont en bon accord avec celles obtenues de la viscosité des gaz, de la diffusion Raman ou Rayleigh. En outre, et aux erreurs expérimentales près, les valeurs des diamètres moléculaires sont données pour 10 dérivés du benzène, valeurs qui ne se trouvent pas, à notre connaissance, dans la littérature, exception faite du benzène pur.

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Summary A systematic study of free volumes extrapolated at zero fluidity is executed for 20 liquids. A new equation for this Limit Free Volume (V.L.L.) is proposed and compared with the theoretically calculated free volume; values of molecular diameters are determined and found to be in good agreement with values obtained from gas viscosity, Raman and Rayleigh scattering, respectively. Moreover, within experimental error, values of molecular diameters are found for 10 benzene derivatives which are not, at our knowledge, available in the literature, except for pure benzene.

Avec 1 figure et 3 tableaux     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.     

Modèles discrets de structures tissées : Analyse de stabilité et de drapéDiscrete models of woven structures: stability and draping analysis

A discrete model of a woven fabric structure is established, whereby nodes endowed with a mass and a rotational rigidity are connected by rigid bars to form a two-dimensional truss. The set of four bars that delineate a quadrilateral area is further endowed with a torsion deformation mode. The kinematics of the truss reproduces the large rotations and displacements encountered for real tissues. The equilibrium shape of such a structure is obtained as the minimum of its total potential energy versus the whole set of kinematic translational and rotational variables, accounting for eventual kinematic constraints due to contact with a rigid surface by the Lagrange multipliers method. A stability analysis is conducted, and the potentiality of the model is illustrated by fabric draping simulations. To cite this article: B. Ben Boubaker et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 871–877.     

Homogénéisation de problèmes d''évolution dans une structure renforcée de fibresHomogenization of evolution problems in a fiber reinforced structure

We study the homogenization of evolution equations such as:

where the coefficient a is -periodic and takes very high values on a subset TΩ (fibered structure) of very small measure. We find a non-local effective equation deduced from a homogenized system of several equations. To cite this article: M. Bellieud, C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 843–848.