A blind SNR estimator for digital bandpass signals

A subspace-based blind Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR） estimation algorithm for digital bandpass signals in Additive White Gaussian Noise （AWGN） channel is discussed. The lower bounds of the mean and variance of the estimation are derived, and simulations are performed for the commonly used digital bandpass signals, such as MPSK （M=2, 4, 8）, MFSK （M=2, 4） and MQAM （M=16, 64, 128, 256） signals. Theoretical analyses and simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective even when the SNR is below 0dB. Furthermore, the algorithm can provide a blind estimator in that it needs neither the parameters of the received signals, such as the carrier frequency, symbol rate and modulation scheme, nor the synchronization of the system.     

一种新型自适应天线的波达方向估计特性分析

针对杜惠平(1999)提出的一种基于菲涅尔相位修正聚焦结构的多波束自适应天线,利用最大似然估计算法实现了这种自适应天线的空间来波方向估计,考虑了信躁比、快拍次数和阵元间距等参数对估计结果的影响,分析了估计的统计性能及其克拉美-罗界,所做工作适用于透射型和反射型菲涅尔区板天线。仿真计算与有关文献理论分析结果吻合较好,表明本文建立的菲涅尔区天线波达方向估计模型的有效性。     

Precision of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using novel three dimensional array geometries

Numerous methods for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, used in smart antennas have been already reported in previous studies. The precision of DOA estimation depends on the choice of the algorithm and the geometrical configuration of the antenna array. In this work, the performance of new geometrical configurations, i.e. 2D with equal area and 3D with equal volume including circular, square, triangular, hexagonal and star geometries, with equal number of antenna elements, are examined and compared to each other to find the most proper geometry. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the DOA precision of the proposed arrays using the MUSIC algorithm. It is shown that in three cases of comparison including 2D geometries, 3D geometries and 3D rotated geometries, with the star and triangular configurations one achieves better resolution in DOA estimation. It is also revealed that the rotated configurations show lower estimation error compared to normal configurations.     

一种基于混合MCMC的时域波达方向估计算法

基于马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛（Markov Chain Monte Carlo,MCMC）方法的时域波达方向估计算法通过构造马尔科夫链的方式来对波达方向进行估计,但是现有的算法在马尔科夫链的收敛速度和结果上并没有表现出很好的鲁棒性。为了优化算法的性能,采用多(短)链并行的方式代替原来的长链生成方式,提高了算法收敛的稳定性;并对特定模型下的构造过程进行分析,优化了状态空间,提高了算法的搜索效率;同时结合多混合的MCMC方法,进一步提高了算法估计的精确度和收敛速度。仿真结果表明,改进后的算法对波达方向估计的准确性和实时性都有很大提升。     

A novel wideband DOA estimator based on Khatri-Rao subspace approach

A novel DOA estimation method for uncorrelated wideband sources named focusing Khatri-Rao subspace method (FKR) is proposed based on coherent signal-subspace method (CSM) and Khatri-Rao (KR) subspace. Compared with the conventional CSM that simply averages the covariance matrices of different frequency bins after focusing, FKR transforms the covariance matrices into a higher dimensional matrix through KR product. This method has three major advantages: (1) it achieves a higher resolution than CSM, (2) the root mean square error of DOA estimation from FKR is smaller than that of CSM when the initial angles are inaccurate and (3) it performs well even when the number of sensors is reduced to about half of the sources. The performance of the FKR method is demonstrated and analyzed through the computer simulations.     

基于虚拟旋转不变技术的宽带信号二维到达角估计

在相关信号子空间方法的基础上,本文提出了一种阵列宽带信号二维角度的估计方法。该方法首先利用虚拟互相关计算方法得到阵列输出的协方差矩阵,并构造出两个子阵(实际子阵和虚拟子阵);然后采用投影算子来形成聚焦矩阵,最后对聚焦后的协方差矩阵采用ESPRIT方法估计出宽带信号的二维到达角。这种方法能抑制非高斯噪声对算法的影响,并能扩展阵列孔径,且不需要进行角度预估计;估计出的二维角度能自动配对,提高了算法的实现速度。计算机仿真试验证实了该算法的有效性。     

波达方向估计中的宽带信号个数检测新方法

在进行波达方向估计时,往往要对信号个数进行判断,传统的宽带信号个数检测方法需要在每个频点上进行多次采样,否则无法正确完成测向.针对此问题,提出了一种基于Bootstrap准则实现的宽带信号个数检测新方法.将宽带信号划分为若干个互不重叠的子带部分,之后对每个子带信号进行特征分解,利用特征值对相应的特征向量进行加权,再通过Bootstrap准则构造新的信号重采样矩阵,用聚类的方法判断出该子带上的信号个数,最后将各个子带上的结果进行综合判断出宽带信号个数.所提方法回避了聚焦的过程,且在非高斯噪声背景下也有较高的估计成功概率,尤其是在小快拍数下有着较好的估计性能,仿真结果证明了该方法的性能.     

A time-frequency blind separation method for underdetermined speech mixtures

The proposed Blind Source Separation method （BSS）, based on sparse representations, fuses time-frequency analysis and the clustering approach to separate underdetermined speech mixtures in the anechoic case regardless of the number of sources. The method remedies the insufficiency of the Degenerate Unmixing Estimation Technique （DUET） which assumes the number of sources a priori. In the proposed algorithm, the Short-Time Fourier Transform （STFT） is used to obtain the sparse representations, a clustering method called Unsupervised Robust C-Prototypes （URCP） which can accurately identify multiple clusters regardless of the number of them is adopted to replace the histogram-based technique in DUET, and the binary time-frequency masks are constructed to separate the mixtures. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method results in a substantial increase in the average Signal-to-Interference Ratio （SIR）, and maintains good speech quality in the separation results.     

A probabilistic‐based approach for direction‐of‐arrival estimation and localization of multiple sources

This article contributes to science at two points. The first contribution is at a point of introducing a novel direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation method which based on subspaces methods called Probabilistic Estimation of Several Signals (PRESS). The PRESS method provides higher resolution and DOA accuracy than current models. Second contribution of the article is at a point of localizing the unknown signal source. The process of localization achieved by using DOA information for the first time. The importance of localization exists in a large area of engineering applications. The aim is to determine the location of multiple sources by using PRESS with minimum effort of computation. We used the maximum probabilistic process in this study. Initially, all the signals are collected by the array of sensors and accurately identified using the proposed algorithm. The receiver at the best in test estimates the source location using only the knowledge of the geographical latitude and longitude values of the array of sensors. Several test points with an accurately calculated angle of arrival enable us to draw linear lines towards the transmitter. The transmitter location can be accurately identified with the line of interceptions. Simulation and numerical results show the outstanding performance of both the DOA estimation method and transmitter localization approach compared with many classical and new DOA estimation methods. The PRESS localization method first tested at 19°, 26°, and 35° with an signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) value of ‐5 dB. The PRESS method produced results with an extremely low bias of 0 and 0.00080°. The simulation tests are repeated and produced results with zero bias, which give the exact location of the unknown source.     

A novel indoor geo-location method using MIMO array

In a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output （MIMO） Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （OFDM） based Wireless Local Area Network （WLAN） system, both Access Points （APs） and Mobile Terminals （MTs） are configured with multiple antennas, to make novel indoor geo-location method possible. In this paper, we presented a novel Least Square Support Vector Machine （LS-SVM） based data fusion algorithm to fuse signal strength measurements for indoor geo-location using only a single AP with MIMO arrays. We evaluate our proposed algorithms under indoor environments by MATLAB simulations. Simulation results show that our MIMO-based algorithm is superior to conventional least square algorithm.     

基于模糊核聚类和支持向量机的鲁棒协同推荐算法

该文针对现有推荐算法在面对托攻击时鲁棒性不高的问题,提出一种基于模糊核聚类和支持向量机的鲁棒推荐算法。首先,根据攻击概貌间高度相关的特性,利用模糊核聚类方法在高维特征空间对用户概貌进行聚类,实现攻击概貌的第1阶段检测。然后,利用支持向量机分类器对含有攻击概貌的聚类进行分类,实现攻击概貌的第2阶段检测。最后,基于攻击概貌检测结果,通过构造指示函数排除攻击概貌在推荐过程中产生的影响,并引入矩阵分解技术设计相应的鲁棒协同推荐算法。实验结果表明,与现有的基于矩阵分解模型的推荐算法相比,所提算法不但具有很好的鲁棒性,而且准确性也有提高。     

超长距离分布式光相位传感系统定位的一种新方法

针对超长距离分布式光相位传感系统对于被探测物理量的定位问题,提出一种双Mach-Zehnder(MZ)结构和相关算法相结合的信号定位新方法.研究结果表明,该定位方案可以成功地在长距离(50 km)的范围内对信号定位.传感系统埋设于地下0.5 m处时,可以得到最小定位相对误差为0.19%.     

基于遗传策略的格基约化算法

格基约化算法是密码分析的重要工具。该文借鉴遗传算法的基本策略,通过对初始格基的调整变换,提出了一种新的格基约化算法,新算法总能得到给定格中长度更短的向量和质量更高的一组基。利用该算法,针对最短向量问题(SVP)挑战的部分数据进行了测试,新算法的输出结果达到或超过了挑战的公开记录,约化效果良好。     

基于独立向量分析的脑电信号中肌电伪迹的去除方法

脑电数据经常被各种电生理信号伪迹所污染。在常见伪迹中,肌电伪迹特别难以去除。文献中最常用的方法包括诸如独立分量分析(Independent Component Analysis, ICA)和典型相关分析(Canonical Correlation Analysis, CCA)等盲源分离技术。该文首次提出一种基于独立向量分析(Independent Vector Analysis, IVA)的新方法,用以去除脑电中的肌电伪迹。IVA同时使用高阶统计量和二阶统计量,因此该方法能够充分利用肌电伪迹的非高斯性和弱相关性,兼具ICA方法和CCA方法的优势。实验表明,使用IVA方法可以在保留脑电成份的同时极大抑制肌电伪迹,效果显著优于ICA法和CCA法。     

A fast algorithm for joint two-dimensional direction of arrival and frequency estimation via hierarchical space–time decomposition

In this paper, we present a fast algorithm for joint estimation of the two-dimensional (2-D) directions of arrival (DOAs) and frequencies of the incoming signals in wireless communications using a hierarchical space–time decomposition (HSTD) technique. Based on the HSTD, the proposed algorithm makes use of a sequence of one-dimensional (1-D) Unitary estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) algorithms to estimate these parameters alternatively in a hierarchical tree structure. Also, in between every other 1-D Unitary ESPRIT algorithm, a temporal filtering process or a spatial beamforming process is invoked to partition the incoming signals into finer groups stage by stage to enhance the estimation accuracy as well as to alleviate the contaminated noise. Furthermore, with such a tree-structured estimation scheme, the pairing of these parameters is automatically determined without extra computational overhead. Simulation results show that the new algorithm provides satisfactory performance but with drastically reduced computations compared with previous works.     

一种面向连接的快速多维包分类算法

为进一步提高聚合位向量(ABV)算法分类数据包的速度,该文提出一种面向连接的改进ABV(IABV)算法。该算法利用同一连接包分类查找规则相对一致的特点,建立哈希表-规则库两级优化查找结构,首先通过哈希表查找包分类规则,若未命中继续从规则库中查找。利用连接时效性特点设计哈希表冲突处理机制,根据表项最近命中时间判断是否进行覆写更新,避免规则累积导致查找时间增加;其次对ABV算法各维度进行等分处理,为各等分区间建立数组索引,从而快速缩小向量查找范围,加快查找规则库速度;最后,将规则中前缀转化为范围降低辅助查找结构复杂度,以减少内存空间占用量并加快规则查找速度。实验结果表明,将规则中前缀转化为范围后能够有效提升算法性能,相同条件下IABV算法相比ABV算法时间性能有显著提高。

     

基于MUSIC算法的二次雷达应答信号分离方法

为了提高在高密度信号环境下对二次监视雷达(SSR)应答信号的接收性能,该文提出一种将信源数估计和信号到达方向(DOA)估计相结合构建分离矩阵实现交叠信号分离的算法。首先根据交叠信号量测的特征值分布来确定交叠信号的个数;然后利用MUSIC算法作谱峰搜索得到各信号的DOA,并重构混合矩阵;最后通过计算混合矩阵的广义逆得到分离矩阵,并实现对交叠信号的分离。以6阵元均匀线阵为前提进行仿真分析,结果表明所提分离算法可达到90%以上的分离成功率,分离性能和独立成分分析(ICA)算法相当,优于基于投影技术分离算法(PA),但计算量远小于ICA算法,不足ICA算法计算量1/10,更易于工程化应用。     

基于耦合非局部全变差的图像着色算法

基于局部算子的全变差(TV)模型在对纹理图像着色时,会出现颜色扩散不均匀,着色范围区域较小等问题。为了解决上述问题,该文提出基于非局部算子的耦合全变差图像着色模型,结合交替方向乘子法(ADMM),设计出相应的数值求解算法,并给出该算法的收敛性结果。该模型充分利用像素邻域亮度之间的相似性进行颜色扩散,能有效避免仅利用亮度边缘信息进行局部扩散导致颜色扩散不均匀的问题。数值实验结果表明,该模型在快速着色的同时,能有效解决颜色在纹理等细节处扩散不均匀的问题。