室温交联型硅丙微胶乳的合成研究(1)硅烷单体对聚合稳定性和胶膜性能的影响

采用种子微乳液聚合工艺和单体半连续滴加法合成了室温交联型有机硅改性丙烯酸酯微胶乳，研究了硅烷单体种类和用量及其添加顺序等对聚合稳定和胶膜性能的影响。结果表明，使用含阻碍性铁新硅烷单体（C－1757）可明显抑制体系中的水解－缩合反应，提高聚合稳定性，而且随其用量增加，改性胶膜的交联密度增大，拉伸强度提高；延迟添加C－1757，可进一步提高聚合稳定性，但会降低胶膜的交联密度，拉伸强度先高后低，30／70处有一个最大值，所合成的硅丙微胶乳储存期可达长两年，与C－1757相比，硅烷单体A－174改性的胶膜具有更大的交联密度，而A－171改性的胶膜交联密度偏低，力学性能较差。     

室温交联型硅丙微胶乳的合成研究Ⅲ.聚合工艺对聚合稳定性及胶膜性能的影响

采用两种聚合工艺(种子微乳液聚合法和单体预乳化法)分别合成了室温交联型有机硅改性丙烯酸酯聚合物微胶乳，研完了不同工艺条件对聚合稳定性、乳胶粒径和胶膜的结构性能的影响．     

高聚合物含量丙烯酸酯超微胶乳的制备

通过对一次加料法、单体预乳化法及单体两段滴加法制备超微胶乳的比较,发现单体两段滴加法的反应过程相当稳定.单体两段滴加法中,当预加单体量小于30%时,聚合过程稳定,氨化剪切后超微胶乳透光率约65%;当聚合物含量超过34%时,超微胶乳体系呈凝胶状.对胶乳的氨化剪切过程进行优化,发现加氨量有一最佳值,此时超微胶乳既保持较高的透光率 (～65%),又具有较低的粘度 (～220cp).最后,通过"单体两段滴加法乳液聚合 氨化剪切"制备了聚合物含量约为32%、乳化剂含量约为1.2%、数均粒径约为63nm、粒径分布为1.17的丙烯酸酯超微胶乳.     

室温交联型硅丙微胶乳的合成研究II.改性微胶乳的粒径控制及其微观形态表征

采用种子微乳液聚合法和单体预乳化法分别合成了室温交联型有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯微胶乳,研究了硅烷单体的添加和氨化反应对改性微胶乳粒子大小及分布的影响。结果表明:采用种子微乳液聚合法得到的硅丙微胶乳粒子大小与硅烷单体的种类、用量和添加顺序无关,平均粒径约为40~60nm。TEM照片显示出,采用种子微乳液聚合法合成的硅丙微胶乳粒子由于内部存在交联结构而导致表面形状不规则,有“乳突”现象;而采用预乳化法合成的硅丙微胶乳粒径粗大,呈规则的球形,氨化后粒径从100nm以上减小到80nm左右,粒子表面出现“绒毛”现象,这是由于硅烷组分的水解反应受到抑制而使粒子内部的交联密度降低的缘故。     

金属纳米粒子/聚合物体系的稳定性及其机理

金属纳米粒子由于其小的尺寸和大的比表面积等特点,使其具有独特的热性能、电性能、磁性能和光性能,以及很强的团聚趋势。因此金属纳米粒子是否被稳定在纳米尺度内,是它们能否表现出独特性能的关键。本文综述了非离子聚合物、聚电解质、两亲聚合物、双亲水聚合物、树状聚合物对金属纳米粒子的稳定作用及其稳定机理的研究进展。     

合成胶乳和人造胶乳外科手套发展概况

橡胶外科手套用于无菌手术室的操作,是使用量较大的乳胶手套品种之一.天然胶乳外科手套拥有较好的综合性能而应用历史悠久,但天然胶乳含有过性敏蛋白质,部分医护人员对天然胶乳外科手套产生过敏症,推动了无蛋白质过敏风险的合成胶乳外科手套和以合成橡胶通过乳化工艺转化而得的人造胶乳外科手套的发展.以羧基丁腈胶乳为主要原材料加工而成的...     

高分子水胶乳成膜过程研究现状

主要阐述了高分子水胶乳成膜过程中颗粒所受的作用力,颗粒变形的理论模型和实验方法的研究现状,从而对高分子水胶乳稆的影响因素作了探讨。     

金属纳米粒子/聚合物体系的稳定性及其机理

金属纳米粒子由于其小的尺寸和大的比表面积等特点,使其具有独特的热性能、电性能、磁性能和光性能,以及很强的团聚趋势.因此金属纳米粒子是否被稳定在纳米尺度内,是它们能否表现出独特性能的关键.本文综述了非离子聚合物、聚电解质、两亲聚合物、双亲水聚合物、树状聚合物对金属纳米粒子的稳定作用及其稳定机理的研究进展.     

金属纳米粒子/聚合物体系的稳定性及其机理

金属纳米粒子由于其小的尺寸和大的比表面积等特点,使其具有独特的热性能、电性能、磁性能和光性能,以及很强的团聚趋势。因此金属纳米粒子是否被稳定在纳米尺度内,是它们能否表现出独特性能的关键。本文综述了非离子聚合物、聚电解质、两亲聚合物、双亲水聚合物、树状聚合物对金属纳米粒子的稳定作用及其稳定机理的研究进展。     

裂解气相色谱—红外光谱联用分析聚合物结构（II）

采用国产ＳＣ－７型色谱以及ＪＰ－０１型居里点裂解器，Ｎｉｃｏｌｅｔ１７０ＳＸ红外光谱仪及接口组成的裂解色相色谱－傅里叶变换红外光谱（ＰＧＣ／ＦＴＩＲ）分析仪，ＨＰ－１７型大口径毛细管色谱柱，分析了两个复杂组成的聚合物样品。从主要裂解碎片峰的定性结果及形成机理出发，逐步推出了原样品的组成和结构，常规红外光谱分析方法被用来作为对比，但它获得的信息有限，无法得到能与ＰＷＢＣＧＣ／ＦＴＩＲ分析结果和媲美的     

巯基聚乙二醇5000修饰的金溶胶的稳定性: 从DLVO稳定到空间稳定

研究了α-甲氧基-ω-巯基聚乙二醇(mPEG-SH, 5000 MW)修饰的金溶胶的稳定性, 初步探讨了其稳定机制. 将线性mPEG-SH通过巯基化学吸附于金溶胶表面, 可形成高分子层包被的金溶胶. 研究结果表明, PEG修饰的金溶胶可以在pH＝1～13.5或盐浓度高达1.20 mol/L的较苛性条件下保持稳定. 这是由于金溶胶表面吸附的高分子保护层为溶胶提供了新的空间稳定, 取代了溶胶原来的DLVO稳定(实质是电荷稳定). 因而, PEG保护的金溶胶在很大程度上克服了DLVO稳定的溶胶对环境敏感、易聚沉的缺点, 能在复杂的条件(如生理条件)下应用. 鉴于PEG的水溶性、无毒性和生物亲和性, 这种具有较高稳定能力的金纳米粒子/PEG复合体结合了金纳米粒子和PEG的优异性能, 可作为生物纳米探针用于复杂条件下的生物分析.     

Thickening of Crosslinked Ethyl Methacrylate-Acrylic Acid Latexes

Latexes based on ethyl methacrylate (EMA), acrylic acid (AA), crosslinked with 1,6-hexanediol propoxylate diacrylate (HPDA), were synthesized via emulsion polymerization, yielding dispersions with different acidic group contents and crosslinking densities. The latexes were thickened using various NaOH/AA molar ratios and the resultant dispersions were characterized by pH-metry, zeta potentiometry, and turbidimetry. The process of thickening by carboxyl neutralization was shown to be dependent on the neutralization effect on particle–particle interactions and particle solubilization. Turbidimetry, pH-metry, and zeta potential measurements showed that neutralization resulted in partial latex solubilization and viscometry indicated that, for a given latex, an optimum thickening was achieved for and specific NaOH/AA molar ratio, showing the existence of a relationship between thickening, particle–particle interactions, latex solubilization, and polyelectrolyte effect.     

Reactive Polymer Based Colloids for Biomedical Applications

Summary: This short review aimed to give to the reader brief applications of polymer colloids in biomedical area and principally in medical diagnostics. Colloidal polymer particles are mainly used as solid supports, as label for biomolecules reactions detection, and as a carrier. The elaboration of appropriate colloids is reached via numerous processes such as polymerization in dispersed media (dispersion, emulsion, precipitation, miniemulsion polymerizations) or as physico-chemical methodologies (i.e., self-assembly). After a short introduction, some particles elaborations are presented and their applications are briefly described and illustrated.     

Reactive and Highly Submicron Magnetic Latexes for Bionanotechnology Applications

Summary: Colloidal particles are largely used in biomedical applications as a solid support, as a carrier, as nanoreactors and as labels for target molecule detection. With the recent development of bionanotechnology, more appropriate colloidal particles should be elaborated. In this direction, new specification are listed in order to develop reactive nanoparticles to be use in microsystems, microfluids and all combined systems in which we can conduct sample preparation, specific capture, purification, concentration and detection in small volume (generally less than 100 µl). Then the aim of this short review is to give to the readers some recent orientations of reactive magnetic latex particles for in vitro bionanotechnology applications.     

Mucin Interactions with Functionalized Polystyrene Latexes

The interactions of pig gastric mucin and bovine submaxillary mucin with carboxylate (PCM) and amino (PAM) polystyrene latexes with 750 and 1000 nm diameters have been studied in vitro. The mucin interaction increased when the pH decreased from 7.4 to 3.0 and when the electrolyte concentration increased from 86 to 205 mM. The driving force of the interaction was very probably nonionic. Under certain conditions, electrostatic attraction also was important for PAM. Under all experimental conditions tested, the mucins interacted less with PAM than with PCM. The functional groups of the latexes directed the conformation of the adsorbed mucins at the interface. At low pH, the mucins probably were adsorbed in multilayers.     

Polymer/Laponite Composite Latexes: Particle Morphology,Film Microstructure,and Properties

Transparent film materials with excellent mechanical and thermal properties were elaborated by drying a latex suspension of armored polymer/Laponite composite particles. Low‐temperature TEM observation of ultrathin cross‐sections of the films indicated a unique network morphology characterized by a “honeycomb” distribution of the Laponite platelets remindful of the original particles morphology.

     

聚合物太阳能电池器件热稳定性的研究进展

实现聚合物太阳能电池的商业化应用有两个关键技术因素:能量转换效率和热稳定性。 在近几年里,能量转换效率已经成功突破10%。 与此同时,器件热稳定性的研究也一直在有条不紊的展开。 本文总结了近年来在聚合物太阳能电池光敏层热稳定性的研究进展,详细阐述了提高形貌热稳定性的常用方法,并对器件热稳定性的研究进行了展望。     

一维链状铜配位聚合物的合成、结构及热稳定性研究

A copper coordination polymer, {[Cu₃( μ-3-CPOA)₂( μ-3-PyO)₂(3-PyOH)₂(H₂O)₄]·4H₂O}_n (3-CPOA^2-=3-carboxylphenoxyacetate dianion, 3-PyOH=3-hydroxypyridine, 3-PyO^-=pyridin-3-onato) was synthesized and char-acterized by the element analysis, IR, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in triclinic system with space group P1, a=0.906 53(18) nm, b=1.155 9(2) nm, c=1.208 0(2) nm, α=93.25(3)°, β=111.05(3)°, γ=105.62(3)° and V=1.121 0(5) nm³, Z=1, R=0.052 6, wR=0.154 8. Each copper(Ⅱ) atom displays octahedron coordination geometry incorporating 3-carboxylphenoxyacetate and pyridin-3-onato ligands, except for the Cu1 atom also involving 3-hydroxypyridine and water molecules. Two adjacent copper(Ⅱ) atoms are bridged by the tridentate 3-CPOA^2- group and the tridentate pyridin-3-onato ligand, constructing a one-dimensional chain structure along b axis, with the adjacent Cu…Cu distances being 0.309 3(3) nm and 0.626 5(3) nm. CCDC: 287383.     

Increasing Solid Content in Latexes of Polyacrylamide Nanoparticles Made by Semi-continuous Inverse Heterophase Polymerization

The synthesis of polyacrylamide nanoparticles by semi-continuous inverse heterophase polymerization as a function of feeding rate of monomer aqueous solution is reported here. In this process, a concentrated acrylamide aqueous solution is dosed semi-continuously at various rates over an AOT-toluene solution containing the initiator. Our results indicate that particle size and the viscosimetric molar masses diminish as the dosing rate is slowed down and that smaller particles, as well as lower molar masses, are obtained compared to those produced by batch and semi-continuous microemulsion polymerizations, employing the same concentration of surfactant. Moreover, higher polymer/surfactant ratios are higher compared to those obtained in batch microemulsion polymerization and similar or slightly higher than that in semi-continuous microemulsion polymerization.     

环状高分子对胶体稳定性影响的理论研究

将改进的基本度量理论与热力学微扰理论相结合,提出了胶体/高分子系统排空相互作用的IRDFT理论。该理论解释了在实际胶体系统中起重要作用的排斥体积效应和高分子链内相关性的竞争机制。应用该IRDFT,分别以线性链状和环状结构的高分子及其单体为排空元,计算了不同排空元条件下的胶体间排空相互作用。研究表明:对于絮凝破坏,自由环状高分子具有更大的优势。