Effect of heating rate on thermo-induced aggregation of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in aqueous solutions

<正>The effects of heating rate on the aggregate behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in aqueous solutions were investigated in detail by laser light scattering and TEM.By employing two separate heating protocols,step-by-step heating at5 K/step and one-step jump,to heat the sample from 15℃to the selected temperature, we found that the heating rate only showed significant effect on the aggregates above the cloud point.The aggregate formed by step-by-step heating exhibited a much larger size and a broader size distribution than those formed by one-step jump heating.Moreover,neither of the aggregates were ideal micellar structures as indicated by the size and the R_g/R_h values.On the contrary,at temperatures below the cloud point where the block copolymer formed core-shelled micelles,the heating rate showed negligible effect on the size and size distribution of the micelles.Since the system underwent a phase separation above the cloud point,the heating rate effect could be reasonably explained by the phase separation mechanisms:the nucleation-and-growth mechanism in the metastable region and the spinodal decomposition mechanism in the unstable region.     

Study on the inclusion compound of β-cyclodextrin with (η5-cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese(0)

The supramolecular inclusion compound of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD, host) with (η5-cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese [MnCp(CO)3, guest] was obtained in a crystalline state. The host-guest compound is thermally stable and do not liberate the guest on heating at 100$ in vacuum. It was characteried by elemental analysis,1H NMR, differential scanning thermal (DSC) analysis and TLC. Continueous variation plot by NMR method shows that β-CD formed 1:1 inclusion compound with MnCp(CO)3. On the basis of 1H NMR spectra and the model building with Corey Pauling Koltum (CPK) models, the most probable inclusion mode is proposed.     

Effect of Temperature-responsive Solution Behavior of PNIPAM-bPPEOMA-b-PNIPAM on Its Inclusion Complexation with α-Cyclodextrin

The effect of temperature-responsive solution behavior of PNIPAM-b-PPEOMA-b-PNIPAM on its inclusion complexation with α-cyclodextrin was studied. The triblock polymer was prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization and formed inclusion complexes(ICs) after selective threading of the PEO segment of the triblock polymer through the cavities of α-CD units. For comparison, PPEOMA homopolymer was prepared and the inclusion complexation with α-CD was also studied. The ICs were prepared with α-CD when the polymer was in different conformations by changing the temperature, and the formed ICs were characterized by XRD, 1H-NMR, TGA and DSC. The solutions of the ICs show temperature-responsive clear/turbid transition or fluidic emulsion/gel transition depending on the concentration of the α-CD added, and the stoichiometry determined by 1H-NMR and TGA indicates that the stoichiometry of EO to α-CD of the resulted ICs increases with increasing of temperature.     

THE INTERACTION OF ETHYL BENZOATE AND TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID IN EXCITED STATE

This paper is concerned with the interaction of ethyl benzoate (EBA) and trifluoroaceticacid (TFA) molecules in the excited state by measurements of steady--state and transient fluo-rescence spectra at room and low temperatures. The results show that not only the 1:1 exci-plex but also the 2:1 triplex between EBA and TFA was formed. The formation pathway ofthe triplex is that the exciplex formed at first, then by the interaction with the EBA mole-cule it transformed into triplex. But it could not be formed by the dimer of EBA by interac-tion with TFA. The dimer of EBA is confirmed in the concentrated solution. So there arefour components in EBA/TFA--concentrated solution and their fluorescence lifetimes aremeasured respectively.     

Construction of photoresponsive supramolecular micelles based on ethyl cellulose graft copolymer

In this work, a UV-Visible light controlled supramolecular system based on ethyl cellulose(EC) was constructed, combining the host-guest interaction of β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) group and trans-isomer of azobenzene(tAzo) group. To link β-CD to the hydrophobic section, renewable EC was used as macroinitiator to initiate the polymerization of ε-caprolactone(ε-CL) to form biocompatible and biodegradable comb copolymer EC-g-PCL, and β-CD was attached to the end of PCL side chain via click reaction. Meanwhile, hydrophilic PEG-tAzo was obtained by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCC) coupling. Then, the structures of the products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC). Subsequently, with the formation of inclusion complexes by β-CD and tAzo groups, the obtained EC-g-PCL-β-CD/PEG-tAzo supramolecular system self-assembled in water with hydrophobic EC-g-PCL-β-CD as core and hydrophilic PEG-tAzo as shell. Furthermore, dynamic light scattering(DLS) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were utilized to investigate the particle size and size distribution, while NMR and UV-Vis spectra were applied to explore the UV-Visible light stimuli-responsiveness of the micelles.     

Noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay for α-fetroprotein using flow injection chemiluminescence

A novel, direct noncompetitive flow injection enzyme immunoassay for α-fetoprotein (AFP) was developed by enhanced chemiluminescence detection. The method was based on off-line incubation of AFP and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled anti-AFP, and then trapping of the unbound enzyme conjugate by an immunoaffinity column filled with AFP-modified Sepharose. The immunocomplex formed in incubation passed through the column and then was directly detected by a postcolumn chemiluminescence technique. The optimal conditions for the immunoassay procedure and chemiluminescence detection were established. At a 1:10 dilution of enzyme conjugate solution, the linear range for chemiluminescence detection of AFP was from 2.0 to 75 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.993 and a coefficient of variation of 2.67% at 30 ng/mL. The detection limit was 0.5 ng/mL. This method was flexible, sensitive, and rapid. The immunoaffinity column of 200 μL could be repeatedly used 100 times without a single decrease. The whole assay time including the preincubation step was only 30 min for one sample.     

Ozone electrogeneration on Pt-TaO_y sol-gel film modified titanium electrode: Effect of electrode composition on the electrocatalytic activity

This work examines the ozone electrogeneration(OE) at a binary coating of different nominal compositions(Pt)x-(TaOy)(100-x), where x(percentage in the precursor solution) varied between 1% and 100%, coated on titanium substrate prepared by a sol-gel technique. TheOE is performed in an artificial tap water at room temperature(25C). The percentages of Pt and TaOy in the coating significantly affect the electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen evolution. The oxygen evolution was retarded to a different extent based on the electrode composition. The largest retardation was obtained at the(Pt)10-(TaOy)90 electrode(ca. 480 m V positive shift) as compared with the(Pt)100-(TaOy)0 electrode.This was reflected in a high current efficiency(CE) ofOE(ca. 19.3%) at the former electrode. This value is considered to be among the highest values reported forOE at 25C in neutral media. The composite electrodes were characterized by voltammetric and surface techniques. A plausible explanation for the change of the efficiency ofOE with the electrode composition is given based on the electrochemical results.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备金属铂高分散的二氧化钛薄膜

Uniform and crack free TiO 2 thin films with highly dispersed platinum were prepared from i PrOH TTIP DEA H 2O system containing H 2PtCl 6·6H 2O as metal source by sol gel method. The microstructure and morphology of the films were characterized by TEM and XRD respectively. It was found that the Pt particles dispersed in the films and had a homogeneous distribution in the shape of sphere with an average size of about 5 nm. This study also showed that the doping with few percent of Pt resulted in the formation of pure rutile phase at a temperature as low as 550 ℃, whereas the same pure phase was formed at the temperature higher than 650 ℃ in TiO 2 or Au/TiO 2 thin films.     

Coordinated organogel templated fabrication of silver/polypyrrole composite nanowires

A new method to fabricate metal/conducting polymer composite nanowires is presented by taking silver/polypyrrole composite nanowires as an example.A silver(Ⅰ)-coordinated organogel as template was prepared firstly,and redox-polymerization of pyrrole took place on the gel fiber,giving product of silver/polypyrrole nanowires.The silver/polypyrrole nanowires were characterized by multiple techniques.This strategy could be carried out in one-step procedure at room temperature,and it proves the utility of coordinated organogels in template synthesis of polymer nanostructures.     

Solvent-induced molecular gel formation at room temperature and the preparation of related gel-emulsions

The gelation behaviors of four recently reported amphiphilic cholesteryl derivatives (1, 2, 3 and 4) have been evaluated. It was found that the gel formation process can be controlled by introduction of water at room temperature. Addition of water to an acetone solution of 4 immediately results in the system becoming turbid, and a gel subsequently forms within a few minutes. Interestingly, 4 is a super-gelator for a mixed solvent of acetone and water at room temperature, in particular when their volume ratio is close to 1:1 at which the critical gelation concentration (CGC) is 0.06% (w/v). It was found that the introduction of water favors the formation of gel networks, and the gel possesses smart and reversible thixotropic properties. FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed that hydrogen bonding is one of the main driving forces for the gelation of the solvents. XRD demonstrated that 4 self-assembled into a layered structure within the acetone-water mixed solvent gel. Furthermore, 1 and 2 can be used as excellent stabilizers for gel emulsions of alkanes and water. The maximum of the dispersed phase, water, in one of the gel-emulsions can be as high as 97% (v/v).     

Lithium chloride-induced organogel transformed from precipitate based on cyclodextrin complexes

This paper describes a novel heat-set organogel transformation which could be triggered by lithium chloride (LiCl) from precipitate for the first time. The system was prepared with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and triphenylphosphine (Ph₃P) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The system as an original transparent solution at room temperature could turn into precipitation by heating. Subsequently, the precipitation turned into organogel instantly based on the injection of LiCl into the system. SEM measurement revealed that the precipitate and gel systems have different microstructures. IR and XRD measurements revealed that the inclusion complexes formed by β-CDs and Ph₃P were arranged in cage structures in the precipitate and channel structures in the gel. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed both on the formation of the precipitate and gel models in this system, which were consistent with the test results.     

β-环糊精对氯诺昔康的包合作用

采用荧光光谱、差热扫描和核磁共振法研究了不同酸度和温度下β-环糊精（β-CD）、羟丙基β-环糊精（HP-β-CD）和磺丁醚β-环糊精（SBE-β-CD）对氯诺昔康（LX）的包合特性。 结果表明,3种环糊精与氯诺昔康均形成1∶1的包合物。 以包合常数作为包合稳定性的量度,包合稳定性为SBE-β-CD＞HP-β-CD＞β-CD。     

α-氯丙酸乙酯对映体与β-环糊精的主客体相互作用

运用量子力学PM3方法模拟α-氯丙酸乙酯((R/S)-ECPA)与β-环糊(β-CD)的主客体相互作用, 探讨(R/S)-ECPA在β-CD上的手性识别机理. 结果表明, (R/S)-ECPA对映体与β-CD形成稳定结合物的结合方式完全不同, (R)-ECPA位于β-CD空腔宽口端, 形成缔合物; (S)-ECPA插入β-CD空腔内形成包结物. 而且, (S)-ECPA与β-CD的结合稳定能低于(R)-ECPA与β-CD的结合稳定能. 在(R/S)-ECPA与β-CD结合物中, (R/S)-ECPA中的手性碳接近葡萄糖单元的C2和C3. (R/S)-ECPA与β-CD之间的手性识别与葡萄糖单元的C2和C3所提供的手性环境和(R/S)-ECPA与β-CD结合的紧密程度密切相关.     

环糊精和α-萘乙酸包络物的核磁共振研究

利用溶液2D-ROESY谱,利用溶液2D-ROESY谱, 13C固体高分辨谱以及自扩散系数测量等核磁共振技术, 研究了环糊精(CD)和α-萘乙酸(α-NAA)的相互作用. 结果表明, α-CD和β-CD均能与α-NAA形成包络物, 但是由于尺寸更为匹配, β-CD与α-NAA体系的包络相互作用强度明显比α-CD和α-NAA体系的大; 通过测量 β-CD与α-NAA混合溶液中α-NAA的自扩散系数, 计算出包络物结合与解离的平衡常数, 以此为基础对β-CD/α-NAA 体系在实现α-NAA缓释方面的应用方式进行了探讨. 13C固体高分辨谱以及自扩散系数测量等核磁共振技术, 研究了环糊精(CD)和α-萘乙酸(α-NAA)的相互作用. 结果表明, α-CD和β-CD均能与α-NAA形成包络物, 但是由于尺寸更为匹配, β-CD与α-NAA体系的包络相互作用强度明显比α-CD和α-NAA体系的大; 通过测量 β-CD与α-NAA混合溶液中α-NAA的自扩散系数, 计算出包络物结合与解离的平衡常数, 以此为基础对β-CD/α-NAA 体系在实现α-NAA缓释方面的应用方式进行了探讨.     

甲基化的β-环糊精与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺的相互作用

环糊精与表面活性剂的相互作用已有许多研究,但多局限于β－环糊精（β－CD）,而修饰的β－环糊精与表面活性剂的相互作用研究较少[1－3]．分子内扭转电荷转移（TICT）激发态对介质极性高度敏感性,已成功地用于探针环糊精与表面活性剂的相互作用[4]．研究表明,β－CD能够诱     

丁香油-β-环糊精包合物中残存态环糊精的热分解动力学

采用双外推法确定了丁香油-β-环糊精(CD)包合物中残存态β-CD最可能的热分解机制. 基于Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方法对残存态β-CD热分解反应过程的计算结果发现, 活化能(Ea)变化曲线可划分为三个阶段. 第一和第三阶段的曲线轮廓近似平行, 并且都被推定为按照Avrami-Erofe’ev A1.5模型发生热分解反应. 但是在曲线的第二阶段, 出现了一个Ea值近似相等的平台. 为此, 采用确定反应级数的方法考察了该阶段的热分解过程. 研究表明, 反应级数随着温度升高呈现规律性的降低, 表明在这个阶段残存态β-CD分解反应的复杂性. 最后, 比较了游离态β-CD和残存态β-CD在分解过程中红外光谱的变化情况. 结果显示, 它们在1000 cm-1以下的谱图轮廓存在明显差异, 这与计算给出的二者具有不同Ea值的结果是一致的.     

The Application of β-Cyclodextrin Supramolecular System to Determining Four Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Room Temperature Phosphorimetry

β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) supramolecular system has been widely utilized in many fields including environmental chemistry, food industry, pharmaceutical chemistry etc. In the area of analytical chemistry, Liu Chang-Song and coworkers established p-cyclodextrin induced room temperature phosphorimetry(CD-RTP) by chemical deoxygenating technique. Guest molecules are complexed and rigidified by the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD, enhanced RTP emission can be observed after the solution is deoxygenated. Bromocyclohexane contains the bulky hydrophobic cyclohexyl and heavy atom bromide, it is an ideal perturber molecule. In this paper, β-CD/phosphors/Bromocyclohexane supramolecular system is utilized to determine four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH_s) such as acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene,7,8-benzoquinoline.     

Comportement des solutions d'hydroxypropylcellulose en présence d'un sel inorganique

Few solvents for cellulose have been found; dimethylacetamide + lithium chloride is one of them. The main aim of this work is to understand the influence of LiCl on the increase of solubility of a mesomorphic polymer. We have performed phase diagram and texture studies on hydroxypropylcellulose in solution in dimethylacetamide (DMAC), acetic acid (AA) and water, with addition of LiCl. In the presence of LiCl, the critical concentrations for mesomorphic phase transition are increased with an aprotic solvent (DMAC) while no modification of behaviour of lyotropic solutions is found with a protonated solvent (AA), and the formation of gel becomes easier (water). In all cases, LiCl reduces the value of the pitch of the cholesteric solutions obtained.     

醚化β-环糊精的制备及其混合膜对二甲苯异构体的选择性

采用WilliamSon合成法使氯化苄(PhCH2Cl)与β-环糊精(β-CD)进行醚化反应.红外光谱表明,所得产物为醚化β-CD.根据元素分析结果,计算出各反应的取代度和转化率.系统地考察了反应条件对转化率和取代度的影响.此外,考察了醚化β-CD与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)共混膜对含10%对二甲苯的对/间二甲苯混合液的渗透气化性能的影响.结果显示,30℃时,共混膜的分离因子α可达1.16,而对二甲苯PX的渗透通量J高达70.57g/(m2·h).     

β-环糊精功能化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备及对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能β-环糊精功能化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备及对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂, 利用静电纺丝法制备了聚丙烯腈(PAN)/β-环糊精(β-CD)纳米纤维. 通过场发射扫描电镜、红外光谱和粉末XRD对纳米纤维进行了表征, 并检测了纺丝溶液的电导率和黏度. 结果表明, β-CD的添加量可以改善纳米纤维的形貌, 固定在纤维上的β-CD保留了空腔结构, 为其在纳米纤维中发挥超分子特性提供了可能. 通过紫外-可见光谱法研究了PAN/β-CD纤维对亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的吸附性能. 结果表明, 纳米纤维中的β-CD显著提高了PAN/β-CD纤维对MB的吸附能力, 使其在吸附分离、电化学传感器及药物控制释放等领域具有潜在的应用价值.