4mm回旋管用超导磁体的研制和应用

研制了一个用于4mm 回旋管的超导磁体,其主磁场达到3T.与回旋管配合产生基波长脉冲,输出功率大于60KW,脉冲宽度10—20ms,工作频率70GHz.用于 HL-1托卡马克成功地进行了等离子体预电离实验.     

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HL-2A装置3MW ECRH系统采用双高压电源形式的电子回旋管,阴极高压电源为回旋管提供加速束电流,阳极高压电源对通过转换区后的束电流施加减速作用,利于回旋管收集极吸收。根据回旋管运行特点和各回旋管不同的工作特性,合理优化回旋管阴极、阳极高压电源工作电压和其他参数。通过远程监控系统,使同时工作的回旋管处于较好的工作状态,充分提高 HL-2A 装置 ECRH 系统多管运行的微波输出功率。实验中,6支回旋管同时运行时,微波最高输出功率2.5MW,达到设计额定值83%,使HL-2A装置中等离子体得到了有效的加热。     

HL-2A装置3MW 68GHz ECRH系统调试与运行

HL-2A装置3MW ECRH系统采用双高压电源形式的电子回旋管,阴极高压电源为回旋管提供加速束电流,阳极高压电源对通过转换区后的束电流施加减速作用,利于回旋管收集极吸收。根据回旋管运行特点和各回旋管不同的工作特性,合理优化回旋管阴极、阳极高压电源工作电压和其他参数。通过远程监控系统,使同时工作的回旋管处于较好的工作状态,充分提高HL-2A装置ECRH系统多管运行的微波输出功率。实验中,6支回旋管同时运行时,微波最高输出功率2.5MW,达到设计额定值83%,使HL-2A装置中等离子体得到了有效的加热。     

托卡马克等离子体非全吸收离子回旋波的耦合计算

详细地讨论了托卡马克等离子体对离子回旋波非全吸收，离子回旋共振加热天线为三维模型的条件下，离子回旋波与等离子体的耦合问题。与全吸收等离子体模型所计算得到的结果相比，本文得到的波的驻波场的解及耦合阻抗谐振特性的理论计算结果与中小型托卡马克实验所观察到的现象更为接近。     

HT－6M装置上离子回旋波的传播和吸收

本文从波与粒子相互作用的线性理论出发，结合ＨＴ－６Ｍ托卡马克少数离子为氢，基本离子为氘［Ｈ（Ｄ）］的等离子体离子回旋共振加热（ＩＣＲＨ）为例，讨论了离子回旋波在这特定的等离子体中传播、吸收与少数离子氢的浓度ＲＨ（定义为ｎＨ／ｎｅ，ｎＨ为氢离子密度，ｎｅ是等离子体总密度）和平行波数ｋ‖的关系。文中最后还给出了ＨＴ－６Ｍ托卡马克离子回旋共振加热的优化实验方案。     

电子回旋共振等离子体技术

微波电子回旋共振是一种先进的低温等离子体技术，它具有优良的综合指标，提高了微电子，光电子集成电路制造工艺等应用领域中的低温等离子体加工水平，文章介绍了电子回旋共振等离子体产生原理，特点及重要的实验研究结果。     

关于等离子体川流激发回旋不稳定性的奈奎斯特判据(Ⅱ)

用奈奎斯特图方法得出等离子体川流激发回旋不稳定性的严格判据。分析了川流等离子体温度与静止等离子体温度不等的体系,以及电子温度与离子温度不等的体系。     

EAST 电子回旋共振加热效果的数值模拟和分析

为了给EAST 电子回旋共振加热物理实验提供理论依据和模拟预测,从电子热输运方程出发,运用 CRONOS 输运程序对不同等离子体和波参数下,电子回旋加热效果进行了数值模拟计算。给出不同电子回旋波功率、入射角、电子密度和纵场等参数对电子回旋加热效果的影响,预测在不同参数下,电子温度、等离子体总内能和能量约束时间的变化,分析了其原因,并与实验结果进行了初步的比较。     

回旋管光子带隙谐振腔冷腔电磁模式分析

利用二维三角格子金属光子带隙谐振腔代替回旋管的传统柱形谐振腔,并对腔体进行了TE波模式的计算与分析.综合考虑腔体内外的结构特征,给出了光子带隙谐振腔冷腔模式理论的研究方法,发现腔内存在单模工作的可能与条件以及非角对称情况下的电磁模式分布特征.研究结果表明,利用光子带隙谐振腔代替回旋管的传统腔体,可使回旋管在不受腔体横向尺度限制的条件下实现单模工作.这对于提高回旋管的功率容量、有效实现高次单模与高次回旋谐波耦合条件下的注-波互作用、降低工作磁场并从物理上根本改变回旋管的工作状态提供了理论依据. 关键词： 回旋管 金属光子带隙 谐振腔     

托卡马克等离子体逃逸放电中的驰豫振荡与电子回旋激射不…

我们研究了托马克等离子体逃逸电子引起的电子回旋激射不稳定性发生的条件，发现由反常多普勒效应及切伦科夫效应确定的准稳态速度分布又会激发电子回旋激射不稳定性，且其对本底电子回旋辐射的大频段于回旋频率，这与ＨＬ－１实验观察一致。     

电子束注入简单磁镜中被电子迴旋共振加热捕获的实验研究

在简单磁镜MM-2中,在采用15GHz大功率迴旋管进行电子迴旋共振加热(ECRH)的同时,以不同的方式向磁镜中注入电子束,进行了ECRH捕获电子束的实验研究。结果表明:由于电子束的提前注入,等离子体的预电离时间被大大地缩短。由上ECRH对电子束的捕获,使得热电子环参数得到很大的改善,热电子环的反磁β值约增加62%,对应反磁增加的捕获效率约为(30—40)%。在迴旋管输出约30kW的条件下,适应建立热电环的气体压力窗为(4.67—21.3)×10^-4Pa。 关键词：     

电子迥旋加热等离子体及热电子环特性的实验研究

在简单磁镜MM-2中,采用15GHZ大功率迴旋管进行了电子迴旋共振加热(ECRH)实验。结果表明,随充气压强的提高,预电离时间迅速变短。在高气压“C-模式”运行区,等离子体径向密度分布呈马鞍形。在迴旋管输出30kW功率的条件下,适于建立热电子环的气体压力窗为(0.4—1.2)×10^-5Torr。利用一个可移动Laugmuir探针配合反磁测量的简便方法,在中心场为2.95kG时,确定了电子环半径为7cm,环厚约4cm,环的轴向边界由z=±10cm一直延伸到z=±20cm。热电子温度为140—170keV,热电环平均β值为(4—5)％。观测到了由热电子环不稳定性引起的迸发式径向电子逃逸,并同时发生反磁信号跌落。     

95 GHz三次谐波回旋管设计

采用线性理论和非线性理论研究了回旋管谐振腔结构、寄生模式抑制及注波互作用等问题。设计了一支工作在95 GHz的三次谐波回旋管,注波互作用结构采用标准开放式谐振单腔,工作模式为TE64, 采用电压45 kV、电流5 A、横纵速度比为1.5的小回旋电子注。在不考虑电子注速度离散及厚度的情况下,非线性理论分析表明,该回旋管可以获得14 kW功率输出,横向互作用效率约为18%,整管效率约11%。     

Electron cyclotron resonance preionization experiment on the HT-6B tokamak

In this paper, the second harmonic electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) preionization experiment results on the HT-6B tokamak are reported. In the experiment, the microwave from the gyrotron (frequency 35GHz, power 15–20 Kw, pulse length 0.5–2ms circularly polarized TE₀₂ mode) is injected from the low field side of the plasma torus at 200s or 400s before the application of the ohmic heating power. The experiment results show that the ordinary discharge waveforms can be obtained as long as the ECR-layer is located in the torus and no breakdown delay is observed. The reduction of the peak loop voltage is more than 30 percent The intensity of light impurity CIV and hard X-ray emission are also reduced obviously.     

High-pressure pulsed avalanche discharges: formulas for requiredpreionization density and rate for homogeneity

The requirements on preionization for the formation of spatially homogeneous pulsed avalanche discharges are examined. We derive two formulas which apply in the case of a slowly rising electric field, one which gives the required preionization density at breakdown, and one which gives the required preionization rate. These quantities are expressed as functions of the electrochemical properties of the gas, the neutral density, and the electric field rise time. We also treat the statistical effect that the electrons tend to form groups, in contrast to being randomly distributed in space, during the prebreakdown phase. This process is found to increase the required preionization rate significantly, typically by a factor of five for a discharge at atmospheric pressure     

Densities and Life Time of Electrons in KrF* Laser Gas Mixtures During the X-Ray Preionization

The homogeneity and stability of TEA-Excimer laser discharges strongly depend on the preionization. A homogeneous discharge can only develope if it is ensured that the electron density exceeds a certain level at the moment of the ignition. The kinetic of these electrons during the preionization is analyzed theoretically by the use of the Boltzmann equation for x-ray preionized KrF* laser systems. The time dependent velocity distribution of the electrons is calculated for different buffer gases and gas mixtures. The resulting electron densities and life times are discussed and compared with experimental investigations. It is quantitatively shown at the first time that the kind of the buffer gas has a decisive influence on the velocity distribution, density and life time of the preionization electrons.     

Laser dye stability,part 12. The pyridinium salts

Improved laser output is demonstrated in KrF and XeCl lasers with x-ray preionization. The influence of gas composition, preionization geometry, x-ray dose,E/p value and temporal delay between x-ray pulse and laser discharge is discussed. In XeCl lasing has been achieved with an x-ray dose of 0.2 mR whereas approx. 3 mR are required for KrF. For both systems, the highest output energy and the lowest possibleE/p ratio were observed with Ne buffered gas mixtures. Dissociative attachment to halogen molecules on a ns time scale supported by a relatively slow laser voltage rise is recognized as the main electron loss channel preventing a long lifetime of the preionization electrons. High preionization intensity is thus desirable at the moment of voltage breakdown.     

强激光能源系统预电离实验研究

 新型能源系统预电离实验研究证实：采用预电离技术可以减少闪光灯的导通延时,使电流脉冲前沿变陡,这对提高泵浦效率和闪光寿命无疑是十分有益的。     

强激光能源系统预电离实验研究

新型能源系统预电离实验研究证实：采用预电离技术可以减少闪光灯的导通延时,使电流脉冲前沿变陡,这对提高泵浦效率和闪光寿命无疑是十分有益的。     

A 35-GHz low-voltage third-harmonic gyrotron with a permanent magnet system

A systematic theoretical and experimental study on a 35-GHz 45-kV third-harmonic gyrotron with a permanent magnet system is presented in this paper. A complex cavity with gradual transition and a diode magnetron injection gun (MIG) are employed in the gyrotron. A self-consistent field nonlinear theoretical investigation and numerical simulation for electron beam interaction with RF fields are given. The diode MIG is simulated numerically utilizing our code in detail. The permanent magnet system provided the maximum axial magnetic field of about 4.5 kG in the cavity region of the gyrotron. The Ka band third-harmonic complex cavity gyrotron with a permanent magnet system has been designed, constructed, and tested. A pulse output power of 147.3 kW was obtained at a beam voltage of 45 kV with beam current of 32.2 A, corresponding to an efficiency of 10.2%.