Phospholipids of soybeans

The phospholipids (PLs) of ripe soybean seeds of the variety Uzbekskaya-2 have been investigated, and 10 classes of PLs have been detected, the main ones being phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols. It has been found that this variety contains a large set of minor components. The compositions of the fatty acids (FAs) of homogeneous classes of PLs have been studied.Materials presented at the IInd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 57–60, January–February, 1997.     

Phospholipids of the medium-fiber cotton plant variety 159-F

Summary 1. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the PLs of an industrial medium-fiber cotton plant of variety 159-F (1972 and 1974 harvests) have been considered. It has been shown that the total PL amounted to 1.76 and 1.85% and consisted of 60–65% PC, 16–18% PI, 6–8% PE, and 10–14% of combined minor components, respectively.2. The distribution of the lipid phosphorus has been studied during the isolation of PLs by selective solvents. The lipid phosphorus amounted to 5.5% of the total phosphorus in the seed kernels.3. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the fatty acids of the individual lipid fractions and of the individual PCs, PIs, and PEs have been determined. The position distribution of the fatty acids of the main groups of PLs has been established and a possible molecular composition has been given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 198–202, March–April, 1977.     

Post-infectional changes in the phospholipids of the leaves of a cotton plant variety resistant toVerticillium dahliae

The class and fatty acid compositions of the phospholipids (PLs) of young leaves of healthy, cotton plants of the wilt-resistant variety 175-F and of plants of the same variety infected with the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. have been determined. The positional distributions of the fatty acids in the main classes of PLs have been established, and their possible molecular compositions have been calculated. The changes in the composition of the PLs taking place under the influence of infection have been elucidated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 210–216, March–April, 1997.     

Composition and structure of the triacylglycerols ofHippophaë rhamnoides seeds

The composition and structure of the triacylglycerols (TAGs) of the seeds of ripe fruit of the sea buckthorn of the Dar Katuni, Maslichnaya, and Shcherbinka-1 varieties have been investigated with the aid of lipase hydrolysis. The amounts of fatty acid (FA) residues in the 2-positions of the TAGs, the concentrations of the FAs in the 1,3-positions, the position-type and position-species compositions of the TAGs, and also the values of the enrichment factors (EFs) and inclusion-selectivity factors (SFs) of the unsaturated FAs in the positions of the TAGs were determined. As in the seeds of the majority of other plants, in the sea buckthorn it is mainly the unsaturated FAs that are concentrated in the 2-positions of the TAGs (mol. %): linoleic (L, 47–49.6); linolenic (Le, 32.4–36.9), and oleic (0, 12.8–18.5). The EF and SF values for the O, L, and Le acids in the TAGs of the Dar Katuni variety were, respectively, 1.11, 1.21, and 0.97, and 1.00, 1.10, and 0.88. In contrast to the TAGs of the flesh of sea buckthorn fruit, palmitoleic acid is a minor component of the TAGs of the seeds (0.6–0.9 mol.%). Among the types of TAGs, trisaturated (72.4–76.2) and monosaturated-diunsaturated (22.1–25.3) predominate. According to calculation, the seeds may contain from 57 (Maslichnaya) to 98 (Shcherbinika-1) position-species of TAGs with concentrations >0.01 mol.%. The predominating species among them are LLLe (11.5–14.1), LLeLe (7.8–10.5), LeLLe (5.5–7.2), and LLL (6.0–6.9). The composition and structure of the TAGs of the seeds have also been reliably established with the aid of a mathematical method based on Litchfield's empirical formulas for determining the amounts of FAs in the 2-positions of TAGs.Institute of Plant Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, and Gor'ki Agricultural Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 52–57, January–February, 1987.     

Distribution of phospholipids in the organs of the cotton plant in the period of mass fruit-formation

The distribution of phosphorus in the vegetative and generative organs of the cotton plant of variety 159-F has been studied. It has been established that the various organs of the cotton plant differ with respect to the qualitative and quantitative compositions of their phospholipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 706–710, November–December, 1981.     

Comparative investigation of the fatty acid compositions of the phospholipids of marine invertebrates

The fatty acid (FA) compositions of the phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) of the muscle tissues of 13 species from seven types of marine invertebrates have been studied. In the PCs and PEs of all the animals the main FAs were the 20:53, 20:46, 16:0, 18:1, and 18:0 acids, although the representatives of each type had their own specific features in their FA composition. The main FAs in the PCs and PEs in the majority of animals investigated coincided, although there were exceptions. The most promising sources for the directed isolation of PCs or PEs enriched with certain FAs have been determined. The highest level of polyenic FAs and the highest unsaturation index were found in representatives of theCoelenterata andEchinodermata (stars) types. It was shown that the amount of polyenic acids as a fraction of the sum of the acyl and alkenyl radicals in the majority of animals investigated was greater in the PCs than in PEs.Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Far Eastern State University, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 24–29, January–February, 1984.     

Efficient and rapid method for extraction of intact phospholipids from sediments combined with molecular structure elucidation using LC–ESI-MS–MS analysis

This paper presents the application of an efficient method for extraction and fractionation of intact phospholipids (PLs) from complex sediment matrices and elucidation of their molecular structure by normal-phase HPLC–ESI-MS–MS. Flow-blending extraction was tested with different solvent mixtures and the best recovery of all PLs classes from the sediment matrix was achieved by using methanol–dichloromethane–buffer, 2:1:0.8. The applied LC–ESI-MS system has linearity of R²=0.98 and a detection limit of 0.5 ng/PL, sufficient for reliable identification of complex mixtures of PLs. MS–MS analyses using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer enables detection of individual PL side-chain composition and, hence, characterization of the living organisms contributing to the sedimentary organic material. Parallel GC–MS analysis of the hydrolysed phospholipid fatty acids supports the characterized fatty acid patterns determined from intact PLs. The PL inventory of different investigated lacustrine surface sediments shows predominantly high abundance of phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidyl-mono- and dimethyl-ethanolamines with fatty acyl side-chains typically known from bacteria. In a sample from Lake Baikal intense signals of bacterial 14:0-acyl-PGs were also identified, for the first time in sediments as far as we are aware.     

Minor phospholipids of cotton seeds

Summary The minor components of the total PLs of seeds of the cotton plant of variety 108-F have been studied.N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine and N-acyllysophosphatidylethanolamine have been isolated from cotton seed for the first time and some of their physicochemical properties and their fatty-acid compositions have been studied.Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 580–583, September–October, 1976.     

N-acylated phospholipids and lysophospholipids of kenaf seeds

Summary Three minor components have been isolated from the total PLs of kenaf seeds of variety Kuban'-333 by means of column and preparative thin-layer chromatography and they have been characterized by lysophosphatidylcholine and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine and its lyso analog.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 723–725, November–December, 1976.     

Lipids of the leaf vegetables Spinacea oleracea,Latuca sativa,and Rumex acetosa

The class compositions of the lipids of leaf vegetables —Spinacea oleracea (variety Ispolinskii),Latuca sativa (variety Kucheryavets Odesskii), andRumex acetosa (variety Odesskii-17) have been studied. The compositions of their NLs (17 groups of individual compounds were identified), GLs (nine groups of compounds were found), and PhLs (seven groups of compounds have been found) have been determined by physicochemical methods of analysis. The maximum amount of the total lipids and also of the PhLs was possessed by the spinach. Among the FAs of the leaf vegetables, USFAs predominated.M. V. Lomonosov Technological Institute of the Food Industry, Odessa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 199–205, March–April, 1993.     

Post-infection changes in lipids of the roots of a cotton plant variety moderately resistant to Verticillium dahliae

A comparative study has been made of the lipid composition of healthy roots of the cotton plant of the Tashkent-1 variety (I) and of the corresponding plants infected withVerticillium dahliae Kleb. (II) grown under field conditions. The action of the factors of infection stress and seasonal and climatic conditions change the lipid metabolism. In lipids (I) and (II) seven classes of neutral lipids (NLs), three classes of glycolipids, and six classes of phospholipids (PLs) were identified and their fatty acid compositions were determined. It was established that in (II) there was a smaller amount of total lipids, NLs, and PLs, and an increased level of polyphenolic pigments, but the level of gossypol pigments with free aldehyde groups was unchanged. In the NLs of (II), as compared with (I), there were more triacylglycerols, sterols, triterpenols, and squalene. Complex changes were observed in the fatty acid composition of the acyl-containing lipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–63, January–February, 1989.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. X. An investigation of the carbohydrates ofAcanthophyllum pungens

Polysaccharides have been isolated from the epigeal and hypogeal organs ofAcanthophyllum pungens and their qualitative presence and quantitative compositions have been determined. A neutral polysaccharide from the epigeal organs is of the galactan type, while a neutral polysaccharide from the roots is a glucogalactan.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 693–695, September–October, 1997.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants XI. An investigation of the polysaccharides ofAcanthophyllum knorringianum

Polysaccharides have been isolated from the epigeal organs and roots ofAcanthophyllum knorringianum and their quantitative levels and qualitative compositions have been established. A neutral polysaccharide of the epigeal organs belongs to the mannoarabinoglucogalactan type, and a neutral polysaccharide from the roots, to the arabinoglucogalactans.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (371) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 169–170, March–April, 1999.     

Phytoecdysteroids from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Serratula komarovii</Emphasis>

Integristerone A and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone were observed for the first time in the aerial and subterrean organs of the eastern Asian plant Serratula komarovii Iljin. -Ecdysone was not found in the plants. The dynamics of phytoecdysteroid content (integristerone A, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and 2-deoxy-20- hydroxyecdysone) in the vegetative and generative organs of this species were investigated.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 404–406, September–October, 2004.     

Use of the Vaskovsky-Svetashev reagent for complex detection of phospholipids and in their preparative separation by the TLC method

It has been established that the Vaskovsky-Svetashev reagent has no influence on the general and positional composition of the fatty acids of phospholipids. For the qualitative identification of PLs on one plate it is possible to use successively iodine, ninhdrin, the Dragendorff reagent, the Vaskovsky-Svetashev reagent, 50% H₂SO₄, and the Malachite Green reagent.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 40–42, January–February, 1988.     

Lipids ofMentha spicata

The levels of lipids, pigments, and essential oil and the lipid and fatty acid compositions of individual organs of freshly gatheredMentha spicata plants have been established. It has been found that the organs studied have a complex qualitative composition of the extractive substances but differ in their levels of individual groups of substances and components.Insitute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 803–805, November–December, 1997.     

Study of the phospholipids of various organs of Crambe amabilis according to the vegetation periods

Summary The changes in the fatty-acid and fractional compositions of the phospholipid complexes of various organs ofCrambe amabilis have been studied according to the vegetation periods.It has been established that throughout the vegetation period phospholipids are present in all organs, and at the stage of complete ripeness of the seeds they are almost wholly localized in the seeds. In the process of the development of the plant considerable qualitative and quantitative changes take place in the fractional and fatty-acid compositions of the phospholipids obtained from various organs of the plant.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 53–57, January–February, 1978.     

Dynamics of the accumulation of the flavan compounds ofHibiscus cannabinus

The amounts and compositions of the flavan compounds in various organs of kenaf according to the vegetation periods have been studied. It has been established that the maximum amounts of flavan substances are formed in the phloem and roots in the vegetation period.Deceased.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 558–560, September–October, 1981.     

Compositions of the lipids of the whitefishCoregonus peled from different parts of the body

The composition of the total, the neutral, and the polar lipids of the whitefishCoregonus peled (Gmelin) from different parts of the body — the white muscles of the back and abdomen, the red muscles, the brain, the internal organs, and the fish as a whole — have been studied. The amounts of lipids in these sections were 6.6, 16.1, 20.1, 13.8, 40.0, and 8.4%, respectively. It has been shown that the total and neutral lipids are similar with respect to the main groups of lipids, the bulk of them being represented by triacylglycerols (76.0–82.6%) and phospholipids (2.8–5.8%). The composition of the phospholipids depended substantially on their localization. In the lipids of the white muscles of the back, with a low level of choline-containing lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin predominated. The lipids of the viscera were distinguished by a high content of sphingomyelin. A high level of choline-containing lipids and cerebrosides was found in the tissues of the brain.Tumen' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 24–27, January–February, 1985.     

Catechins and proanthocyanidins ofAlhagi sparsifolia. I

Ten individual compounds have been isolated from the epigeal part ofAlhagi sparsifolia Shap. in various stages of vegetative growth. Their structures have been established by a study of PMR spectra, physicochemical properties, and the products of chemical transformations: (–)-epicatechin, (–)-epigallocatechin, (–)-epigallocatechin gallate, (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, proanthocyanidin B-2, (–)-epigallocatechin-(4–8)-(–)-epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate-(4–8)-(–)-epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B-1, and (–)-epicatechin-(4–8)-gallocatechin.The materials of this paper were presented at the Second International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds (SCNC, Eskiehir, Turkey, October 22–24, 1996).Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 232–237, March–April, 1997.