Coherent interaction of electromagnetic pulses with two-level systems in the frequency range from superhigh frequencies (HTSC) to X-ray (FEL)

The coherent interaction of an electromagnetic field with the medium in those cases in which the current emission in matter can be described within the framework of the two-level quantum system is considered. The physical nature of such cases is quite different. The media may be two-level particles (atoms or molecules), superconducting planar structures (e.g., high-temperature superconductors, HTSC, or relativistic electron beams in a free-electron laser (FEL). Also, the dynamics of the electromagnetic field for the visible, microwave, and x-ray wavelength region can be described. A short review of the results is given in the section on two-level particle media. The results of studying the interaction of the field with the electron beams in an x-ray FEL and the field interaction with the HTSC medium are the first to be reported.Translated from Preprint No. 82, Lebedev Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 1990.     

Characteristics of surface waves in anisotropic left-handed materials

We report the coexistence of TE and TM surface modes in certain same frequency domain at the interface between one isotropic regular medium and another biaxially anistotropic left-handed medium. The conditions for the existence of TE and TM polarized surface waves in biaxially anisotropic left-handed materials are identified, respectively. The Poynting vector and the energy density associated with surface modes are calculated. Depending on the system parameters, either TE or TM surface modes can have the time averaged Poynting vector directed to or opposite to the mode phase velocity. It is seen that the characteristics of surface waves in biaxially anisotropic left-handed media are significantly different from that in isotropic left-handed media.     

Dynamics of electromagnetic field in two-level doped systems

The dynamics of solitons of self-inducted transparency is theoretically and numerically investigated in the case when atoms described in the two-level approximation fit into a medium with ferroelectric properties. The interaction between electromagnetic pulses in the medium and two-level dopant atoms is considered.     

Self-induced transparency in limited media

A theory is constructed of self-induced transparency for a surface wave, propagating on the boundary surface of two media, one of which is a resonance one, and also for a localized TE-mode in dielectric waveguide, containing non-intersecting two-level atoms. An evident expression is found for a pulsing solition, formed in these conditions, in terms of initial data.     

Semiclassical electrodynamics of alien atoms in interacting media II. Two-level systems

The previously developed self-consistent mean field theory of atoms entering an interacting medium is specialized to two-level alien atoms. It is shown that the medium may invert or split the original two levels, and that there is an intimate connection between the dressed atom spectrum and the statistical nature of the ensemble of alien atoms in the self-consistent mean field approximation. The optical susceptibility of alien atoms while inside the medium is calculated, and the lineshape and position of the optical resonance are shown to depend on the intensity of the optical field applied. There may be more than one phase possible for the atomic ensemble as a result of optical excitation.     

Boundary-value problems in near-field optical microscopy and optical size resonances

We have solved a boundary-value problem for a ball probe interacting with a flat dielectric surface in an external optical radiation field. This interaction gives rise to the optical size resonance at frequencies significantly different from the natural frequencies of two-level atoms both in the medium and in the probe with allowance for the local field corrections. These resonances depend significantly on the distance from the probe center to the surface, on the ball probe size, on the concentration of two-level atoms in the probe and in the medium, on the spectral line width, and on the atomic inversion. The field strengths inside and outside the ball probe and a semiinfinite dielectric medium have been calculated in the near-field and wave zones. It is shown that the proposed electrodynamic theory of optical near-field microscopy agrees with the results of experimental measurements.     

Microscopic theory of a transition layer on the ideal surface of semiinfinite dielectric media and the near-field effect

The microscopic theory of a transitional layer on the ideal surface of a semi-infinite absorbing or nonabsorbing isotropic dielectric is developed within the framework of classical optics when the polarization vector of the medium is a linear function of the electric field strength inside the medium. The concentration of atoms (molecules) of the medium and their polarizability are independent of coordinates and are constant inside the medium and close to its surface. The consideration is carried out within the framework of the concept of a discrete-continuous dielectric, in which the fields of dipoles of discretely distributed atoms (molecules) inside the Lorentz sphere surrounding the observation point are taken into account. The near-field effect is shown to result in a nonexponential behavior of the field nearby the surface. The thickness of the transitional layer can be found from experimental values of the reflected wave amplitude.     

Method of resonance near-field optical microscopy

We have solved the problem in which a thin metal wafer (probe) with a nanohole interacts with the flat surface of a metastructured film consisting of metal nanoparticles in an external optical radiation field. Nanoparticles are considered as two-level atomic systems. This interaction of the wafer-probe and the flat surface in the external optical radiation field gives rise to optical near-field resonance, the frequency of which differs significantly from the natural frequencies of two-level atoms in the medium and the probe. The fields inside and outside the probe and metastructured film are calculated in the near-field and far-field zones. The maximum resolution, which is achievable in the suggested scheme of near-field optical microscopy, can reach about 10 nm. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 4, pp. 499–506, July–August, 2007.     

Polarization dynamics of unidirectional optical pulse evolution in a laser amplifier

Polarization dynamics of optical pulses in an isotropic two-level medium is analyzed by solving an integrable system of evolution equations without using the slowly varying envelope approximation. The analysis is focused on the regime of unidirectional pulse generation in an initially inverted medium. Qualitative difference in polarization dynamics is revealed between few-cycle and quasi-monochromatic pulse propagation     

Reflexion und Brechung des Lichtes an optisch einachsigen Medien

Reflection and Refraction of Light in Uniaxial Media The formulae for the amplitude relations for the reflection and refraction of plane monochromatic light waves at a plane interface between an isotropic and an arbitrarily anisotropic medium, derived in an earlier paper by the author, are specialized here to the case of uniaxial media. The incidence both from the isotropic and from the uniaxial medium is dealt with. A series of special cases (normal incidence, optical axis parallel or normal to the plane of incidence, transition from uniaxial to isotropic media a.o.) are considered.     

Vector breather of surface plasmon polaritons in left-handed material

A theory of an optical vector breather of self-induced transparency of surface plasmon polaritons is constructed. The nonlinear surface TM-modes propagating along the interface separating an isotropic medium and anisotropic left-handed material are investigated. A transition layer sandwiched between the connected media is described using a model of a two-dimensional gas of semiconductor quantum dots. Explicit analytical expressions for the shape and parameters of the surface vector breathers are obtained as well as simulations of the space-time dynamics of two-dimensional vector breathers presented with realistic parameters which can be reached in current experiments. It is shown that properties of a surface vector breather with phase modulation depends on the parameters of the quantum dots, the connected media and the transverse structure of the surface wave.     

Nonlinear optical response of a dense two-level atom system embedded in a linear dielectric medium

The nonlinear optical (local) response of a dense collection of two-level atoms embedded in a linear dielectric medium is investigated theoretically. The nonlinear response of absorption and dispersion of two-level atoms associated with a weak probe field in the presence of a strong pump field is calculated in terms of the linear response theory. The numerical results show that the absorption and dispersion spectra are different from those in vacua because of the local-field effect enhancement and the local cooperative effect.     

Optical size resonances in structured atomic systems on the surface and inside of isotropic media

It is shown that linear stationary optical size resonances can be used for high-precision measurement of the spatial distribution of atoms in structured atomic systems on the surface and inside of isotropic optical media by changing the frequency and the polarization of external continuous optical radiation.     

Nonlinear surface waves in soft, weakly compressible elastic media

Nonlinear surface waves in soft, weakly compressible elastic media are investigated theoretically, with a focus on propagation in tissue-like media. The model is obtained as a limiting case of the theory developed by Zabolotskaya [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 2569-2575 (1992)] for nonlinear surface waves in arbitrary isotropic elastic media, and it is consistent with the results obtained by Fu and Devenish [Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 49, 65-80 (1996)] for incompressible isotropic elastic media. In particular, the quadratic nonlinearity is found to be independent of the third-order elastic constants of the medium, and it is inversely proportional to the shear modulus. The Gol'dberg number characterizing the degree of waveform distortion due to quadratic nonlinearity is proportional to the square root of the shear modulus and inversely proportional to the shear viscosity. Simulations are presented for propagation in tissue-like media.     

Envelope-Free Solitons in a Two-Level Medium Implanted into an Anisotropic Matrix

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - A model of evolution of field pulses in a medium of two-level atoms implanted into an anisotropic matrix is considered. It is shown that the system...     

Quantum Entanglement in Two-Photon Tavis–Cummings Model with a Kerr Nonlinearity

The properties of quantum entanglement in the two-photon Tavis–Cummings model with a Kerr nonlinearity are studied in terms of quantum information entropy theory. The reduced quantum entropy is employed to investigate the quantum entanglement between two two-level atoms and a single-mode coherent field. The relative quantum entropy is employed to investigate the quantum entanglement between the two two-level atoms. The influences of the nonlinear interaction of the Kerr medium with the field and the atomic dipole-dipole interaction on the properties of quantum entanglement of the system are also examined. Some important results are obtained.     

Kerr介质中耦合双原子的纠缠特性

研究了Kerr介质中两个耦合二能级原子的纠缠演化规律, 通过concurrence计算了系统的纠缠度, 讨论了系统初态、Kerr 介质和原子之间的偶极相互作用对腔中两个原子纠缠度的影响. 结果表明: 通过适当选取Kerr介质的耦合系数和偶极相互作用强度, 可以获得固定的两原子纠缠, 并且可以提高两原子之间的纠缠, 甚至彻底消除纠缠猝死现象. 关键词： 偶极相互作用 Kerr介质 concurrence     

稠密共振介质中近偶极-偶极相互作用的局域场效应

 为研究存在由近偶极-偶极相互作用诱导的局域场效应时超短强激光脉冲与稠密共振介质相互作用的特性,采用光与物质相互作用的半经典理论,建立了稠密二能级体系中考虑原子间近偶极-偶极相互作用的修正光学Bloch方程,并用四阶Runge-Kutta法数值求解了该方程。研究结果表明:局域场效应对稠密二能级体系中Bloch矢量的瞬态相干过程和稳态性质都具有强烈的调制作用。并由此提出了调控稳态粒子数布居的两种方案。     

The effect of a surface impedance load on the properties of quasi-Rayleigh waves

The propagation of quasi-Rayleigh waves along an impedance-loaded plane boundary of an isotropic elastic half-space is studied theoretically. The dispersion equation of these waves is derived with allowance for the fact that an impedance load has both normal and tangential components. The conditions for the existence of such waves are analyzed depending on the magnitude and nature of each of these components. Specific examples of calculating the quasi-Rayleigh wave velocities are considered: for the models of surface and bulk cracked media, for a fluid layer in an elastic medium, and for a resonant load.