Functional Liquid‐Crystalline Assemblies: Self‐Organized Soft Materials

In the 21st century, soft materials will become more important as functional materials because of their dynamic nature. Although soft materials are not as highly durable as hard materials, such as metals, ceramics, and engineering plastics, they can respond well to stimuli and the environment. The introduction of order into soft materials induces new dynamic functions. Liquid crystals are ordered soft materials consisting of self‐organized molecules and can potentially be used as new functional materials for electron, ion, or molecular transporting, sensory, catalytic, optical, and bio‐active materials. For this functionalization, unconventional materials design is required. Herein, we describe new approaches to the functionalization of liquid crystals and show how the design of liquid crystals formed by supramolecular assembly and nano‐segregation leads to the formation of a variety of new self‐organized functional materials.     

Functional liquid-crystalline assemblies: self-organized soft materials

In the 21st century, soft materials will become more important as functional materials because of their dynamic nature. Although soft materials are not as highly durable as hard materials, such as metals, ceramics, and engineering plastics, they can respond well to stimuli and the environment. The introduction of order into soft materials induces new dynamic functions. Liquid crystals are ordered soft materials consisting of self-organized molecules and can potentially be used as new functional materials for electron, ion, or molecular transporting, sensory, catalytic, optical, and bio-active materials. For this functionalization, unconventional materials design is required. Herein, we describe new approaches to the functionalization of liquid crystals and show how the design of liquid crystals formed by supramolecular assembly and nano-segregation leads to the formation of a variety of new self-organized functional materials.     

不同光敏剂对光敏热成像材料感光性能的影响

本文考察了不同制备方法、不同种类的光敏剂对以苯并三氮唑银为银源的光敏热成像材料感光性能的影响。结果显示原位法中以AgI和AgBrI为光敏剂的PTG材料具有较高的感光度,分别为以AgBr为光敏剂的参比样片感光度的16倍和2.4倍;异位法制备的PTG材料中,以AgBrI乳剂为光敏剂的感光度比以AgBr为光敏剂的感光度高,是其3倍;此外,同是以AgBr为光敏剂、用异位法制备的PTG材料的感光度比原位法制备的PTG材料感光度高。文中初步分析讨论了出现以上实验结果的原因。     

水热碳材料在分离分析中的应用研究进展

水热碳材料是一种由糖类或含碳有机物经过水热反应制备的新型功能材料,具有来源丰富、绿色环保、亲水性、易修饰等优点,已广泛应用于催化剂载体、能源电极材料、环境吸附剂等方面。其中,水热碳在吸附领域的应用显示出其与特定分子的相互作用,近年来,水热碳材料作为分离富集固相基质,在色谱固定相以及生物样品处理领域逐渐得到应用。该文主要综述了水热碳材料在离子化合物、极性化合物、磷酸化肽段和糖基化肽段分离分析等方面的最新应用,讨论了水热碳材料在实际分离分析应用中的优点和局限性,并就水热碳材料在该领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

废弃天然高分子基功能材料

从废弃高分子角度对废弃生物质的高附加值再利用进行综述,阐述了废弃生物质中天然高分子的类型以及废弃生物质中包含的大量天然高分子具有官能团丰富、可降解、生物相容、无毒无害等优异的性能,归纳了废弃生物质的传统处理方法及作为材料使用的再利用途径,介绍了废弃天然高分子用作复合材料、吸附材料、载体材料、能源材料、医用高分子材料、智能高分子材料等的研究进展,并对废弃天然高分子的资源化利用进行了展望。     

基于纤维素的先进功能材料（专题报道）

 收集整理了近几年间发表在国内外重要期刊上的约360篇文献,以纤维素功能材料的制备方法为线索,简要综述了该领域的最新进展,对纤维素基纤维材料、膜材料、光电材料、杂化材料、智能材料、生物医用材料等功能材料的制备过程、功能和应用前景做了概括性描述.     

以高分子材料为特色的材料化学专业定位及课程体系建设

在广泛调研的基础上,结合郑州大学材料学学科优势,提出了我校以高分子材料为特色的材料化学专业定位。在化学-高分子材料的交叉理念指导下,参考国内部分知名大学材料化学专业的教学计划和课程设置,对我校材料化学专业教学计划进行了修订,优化了化学类课程和高分子材料类课程设置,增加了一些应用类课程,同时加强了实践教学环节,并对部分课...     

《碳纳米材料电化学》专辑序言 ——方兴未艾的电化学能量转换和存储先进材料和技术

可以预见,在相当一段时期内,能源和环境将是全球发展的两大主题. 其实,人类对能源的获取方式将对地球的生态环境和人类未来的生存状态和生活方式产生重要影响. 正因为如此,世界各国正在大力发展可再生能源和清洁能源. 电化学能源是将化学能高效转变为电能的一种能量转换方式,它历史悠久,但不断被改进和创新,尤其是近年来得到了较快的发展. 目前,电化学能源转换和存储器件主要包括一次电池（如锌锰电池等）、二次电池（如铅酸电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池等）、燃料电池、金属-空气电池以及超级电容器等. 电化学能源和其它可再生能源相互补充、交叉利用将是未来清洁能源的主要发展方向.     

光和温度刺激响应型材料

刺激响应型材料是一类在环境因素刺激下,自身的某些物理或化学性质发生相应变化的材料。刺激因素包括光、温度、pH、离子强度、电场和磁场等。本文综述了近年来光和温度刺激响应型材料的研究进展,主要从光响应型水凝胶和光致变色材料的结构类型及应用概述了光响应型材料的发展;同时从温度响应型水凝胶、热致形状记忆材料和热敏变色材料几方面介绍了温度响应型材料的研究进展及应用,并展望了光和温度刺激响应型材料在多学科领域的应用前景。     

Rational material design of Li-excess metal oxides with disordered rock salt structure

This review article summarizes recent research development on a new class of electrode materials with a cation-disordered rock salt structure for energy storage applications. Historically, oxide-based electrode materials with the disordered rock salt structure are regarded as “electrochemically inactive.” However, recent experimental and theoretical research reveals that many oxides with the disordered rock salt structure can be utilized as high-capacity electrode materials, which deliver a much larger reversible capacity compared with traditional and cation ordered layered materials used for practical battery applications. For these emerging electrode materials, higher energy density is achieved relying on anionic and/or cationic redox as multi-electron reactions. Moreover, this anionic/cationic redox for Li-excess materials with the rock salt structure is effectively activated for nano-sized materials. These new trends for the material design on high-capacity electrode materials are highlighted and the future direction to design Li/Na insertion materials for energy storage applications is outlooked.     

衍生多孔碳材料在固相微萃取中的应用研究进展

固相微萃取是一种集采样、萃取、富集和进样于一体的样品前处理技术,其萃取效果与涂层材料密切相关。多孔碳材料具有比表面积大、多孔结构可控、活性位点多和化学稳定性好等优点,广泛应用于电池、超级电容器、催化、吸附和分离等领域,也是一种热门的用作固相微萃取探针的涂层材料。衍生多孔碳材料因种类丰富、可设计性强被广泛研究,研究主要集中在对衍生多孔碳材料的结构优化方面。但是衍生多孔碳材料在固相微萃取中的应用还存在如下问题:(1)共价有机框架衍生多孔碳材料的制备已取得较大进展,但将其应用于固相微萃取领域的研究仍较少;(2)有待进一步明确制备出的衍生多孔碳材料用作固相微萃取涂层表现出优异提取能力的机理;(3)有待进一步深入研究将衍生多孔碳材料用作固相微萃取涂层以实现对不同物理化学性质污染物的广谱高灵敏度分析。文章综述了近3年衍生多孔碳材料在固相微萃取中的应用研究,并展望了未来衍生多孔碳材料在固相微萃取中的研究前景。引用文献共56篇,主要来源于Elsevier。     

柔性复合热电材料及器件的研究进展

热电材料能够将热能与电能直接相互转化,在废热回收及绿色制冷领域中具有巨大的应用潜力。相比无机块体热电材料,柔性热电材料具有可弯折、体积小、质量轻等优点,还适用于制备可穿戴电子设备。近10年来,基于导电高分子、碳材料和无机纳米材料等的柔性复合热电材料及器件逐渐成为炙手可热的研究领域,受到了业内广泛的关注。本文综述了近年来基于不同材料体系的柔性热电材料及器件的研究进展、存在的亟待解决的问题和未来的发展方向。大量研究结果表明,材料的热电性能可以通过化学合成和分子设计战略、形貌控制及掺杂技术等进行有效的调控。研发满足实际应用需要的先进柔性热电材料仍然极具挑战性。     

有机复合光电导材料及器件研究进展

有机光电导复合材料已经成为当前国际上有机光电材料科学研究的前沿与热点之一。复合化是大幅度提高有机半导体材料光电导性能的有效手段,本文主要从有机光电导材料的复合化角度,综述了新型高效的多种有机复合光电导材料体系的制备及其光电导性能,初步解释了其相应的复合原理和光电导机理,并介绍了其在单层型光电导器件中的研究进展。最后提出了制备高性能有机光电导复合材料及单层型光电导器件的几点建议。     

锂离子电池镍钴锰/铝三元浓度梯度正极材料的研究进展

高镍三元正极材料由于高容量和高工作电压被认为是下一代锂离子电池有力的候选者,然而循环稳定性和热稳定性不佳限制了其广泛应用. 镍钴锰/铝三元浓度梯度正极材料的梯度设计可以在保证高容量的同时兼具优良的循环稳定性,因而在过去十年中得到了广泛研究. 本文综述了锂离子电池镍钴锰/铝三元浓度梯度材料最新的研究进展,论文首先总结了梯度材料的不同合成方法,并阐述了核壳浓度梯度材料和全浓度梯度材料的研究方向. 其次,介绍了浓度梯度材料的结构表征手段并揭示性能改善的原因. 最后讨论了目前该材料产业化的难点,并提出了可能的解决方案.     

Influence of Amylose-Amylopectin Ratio on Properties of Extruded Starch Plastic Sheets

Abstract

Starch plastic sheets were prepared by extrusion processing of mixtures of granular high-amylopectin and high-amylose starches in the presence of glycerol and water as plasticizers. Amylose content varied between 0 and 70% (w/w). Structural characterization and determination of the mechanical properties of the sheets were performed after aging the materials between 40–65% relative humidity for 2 and 35 weeks and at 90% relative humidity for two weeks. The materials were semicrystalline and viscoelastic. The materials were described as complex heterogeneous multiphase materials. They consisted of amorphous and crystalline phases of amylose and amylopectin as well as granular structures and domains of amylose, amylopectin and amylose-amylopectin helices. Single-helical type crystallinity was formed solely by amylose directly after processing while B-type crystallinity was rapidly formed in amylose-rich materials and slowly during aging of amylopectin-rich materials.

The stress-strain and stress-relaxation properties were related to differences in amylose content, degree of crystallization and water content. The amorphous amylopectin rich materials were flexible and soft but showed an increase in stiffness and a decrease in elongation due to crystallization. Amylopectin-rich materials showed unfavorable relaxation, shrinkage and cracking during aging. The materials rich in amylopectin were sensitive to water content while the amylose-rich materials were not sensitive to water in the range of 9–13% (w/w). Stress-strain relaxation behaviors of the materials were dependent on starch structure and on experimental conditions such as strain rate and extension by which the ratio of elastic and viscous response were varied. An increase in relaxation times was found with increasing amylose content and water content for the materials with solely amylose crystallinity.     

2020 roadmap on pore materials for energy and environmental applications

Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications. In this roadmap, several porous materials are discussed for energy storage and conversion. It will help the researchers to obtain them guidance from it in future.     

2020 roadmap on pore materials for energy and environmental applications

Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications, such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), metal aerogels, carbon aerogels, porous metal oxides. These materials could be also hybridized with other materials into functional composites with superior properties. The high specific area of porous materials offer them the advantage as hosts to conduct catalytic and electrochemical reactions. On one hand, catalytic reactions include photocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic and electrocatalytic reactions over some gases. On the other hand, they can be used as electrodes in various batteries, such as alkaline metal ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors. So far, both catalysis and batteries are extremely attractive topics. There are also many obstacles to overcome in the exploration of these porous materials. The research related to porous materials for energy and environment applications is at extremely active stage, and this has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ‘porous materials for energy and environment applications’.     

From molecular chemistry to hybrid nanomaterials. Design and functionalization

This tutorial review reports upon the organisation and functionalization of two families of hybrid organic-inorganic materials. We attempted to show in both cases the best ways permitting the organisation of materials in terms of properties at the nanometric scale. The first family concerns mesoporous hybrid organic-inorganic materials prepared in the presence of a structure-directing agent. We describe the functionalization of the channel pores of ordered mesoporous silica, that of the silica framework, as well as the functionalization of both of them simultaneously. This family is currently one of the best supports for exploring polyfunctional materials, which can provide a route to interactive materials. The second family concerns lamellar hybrid organic-inorganic materials which is a new class of nanostructured materials. These materials were first obtained by self-assembly, as a result of van der Waals interactions of bridged organosilica precursors containing long alkylene chains during the sol-gel process, without any structure directing agent. This methodology has been extended to functional materials. It is also shown that such materials can be obtained from monosilylated precursors.     

新型沸石分子筛主体-纳米客体复合材料研究进展

This paper mainly elaborated the recent developments of the studies on the new type zeolite molecular sieve host-nanoguest composite materials composing of molecular sieve channels or cages encapsulated nanoscale materials from the point of nanochemistry and material science, and the trends of development in this field. As the research of the properties of this kind of materials are going on, it is possible that this kind of host-guest nanocomposite materials will be usd in some fields. such as science and high technology fields. as the new type of optical, electrical and magnetic materials in the level of molecular assembly. This paper contains the following contents: hosts and guests; the sizes and shapes of guests; the optical, electrical and magnetic properties of the materials; the syntheses and characterizations of the materials; the applications of the materials and forecast.     

静电纺纳米纤维基超级电容器无粘合剂电极材料的研究进展

对高性能超级电容器不断增长的需求促进了无粘合剂电极材料的快速发展。静电纺纳米纤维由于具有良好的柔性、大比表面积、高孔隙率、容易制备等优点引起了研究者们的强烈关注。本文综述了静电纺纳米纤维基无粘合剂电极材料在超级电容器领域的研究进展,阐述了不同材料的设计制备过程和提升电化学性能的诸多方法,并指明了静电纺纳米纤维基超级电容器无粘合剂电极材料的发展机遇与挑战,为性能优异的无粘合剂超级电容器电极材料的进一步开发与应用拓宽了思路。