二维周期光子晶格中的非线性Landau-Zener隧穿

在二维周期光子晶格中研究了Kerr型非线性Landau-Zener隧穿. 首先在六方晶系光子晶格中推导出非线性三能级Landau-Zener隧穿模型, 在特殊初值条件下将其转化为非线性二能级模型. 对于三能级隧穿模型, 选择特殊初值, 研究了隧穿率随参数的变化规律. 关键词： 光子晶格 Kerr型非线性 Landau-Zener隧穿     

浅光晶格中量子隧穿现象的实验观测

基于一维水平光晶格的锶原子光晶格钟实验平台,当系统的稳定度和不确定度达到10-18量级以上时,由量子隧穿效应引起的钟频移变得不容忽视.在浅光晶格中,量子隧穿效应会使钟跃迁谱线发生明显的展宽现象,因此,本文通过研究浅光晶格中的量子隧穿现象,为⁸⁷Sr原子光晶格钟系统不确定度的评估奠定基础.本实验在一维⁸⁷Sr原子光晶格钟平台上,利用超稳超窄线宽的698 nm激光激发⁸⁷Sr冷原子~lS₀(|g>)→~3P₀(|e>)跃迁(即钟跃迁),实现了对锶原子分布在特定量子态的制备.在深光晶格中,将原子制备到|e,n_z=1>态后,再绝热地降低光晶格阱深,然后在浅光晶格中,探测激发态的载波-边带可分辨的钟跃迁谱线.从钟跃迁谱线中观测到载波谱线发生了明显的劈裂,表明原子在光晶格相邻格点间产生了明显的量子隧穿现象.通过对光晶格中量子隧穿机制的理解,不仅有利于提高光晶格钟的不确定度,也可为观测光晶格中费米子的自旋轨道耦合效应提供基础数据.     

玻色-费米超流混合体系中的相互作用调制隧穿动力学

研究了玻色-费米超流混合体系中的相互作用调制隧穿动力学特性,其中玻色子位于对称双势阱中,费米子位于对称双势阱中心的简谐势阱中.采用双模近似方法得到描述双势阱玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的动力学特性方程组,并将其与简谐势阱中分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的Gross-Pitaevskii方程进行耦合.通过对不同参数下玻色-费米混合体系中的隧穿现象进行数值研究,发现简谐势阱中费米子与双势阱中玻色子的相互作用使双势阱玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的隧穿动力学特性更加丰富.不但驱使双势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚从类约瑟夫森振荡转变为宏观量子自囚禁,而且宏观量子自囚禁表现为三种不同的形式:相位与时间呈负相关并随时间单调减小的自囚禁、相位随时间演化有界的自囚禁以及相位与时间呈正相关并随时间单调增大的自囚禁.     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体在光势阱中的量子隧穿

微观粒子因具有波动性而能以一定的概率穿过比它动能更高的势垒，这一现象称为隧道效应，玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体在不同的囚禁势阱中表现出不同的隧穿特性，文章作者用周期瞬子方法首次研究了光势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的量子隧穿，研究表明，处在光势阱中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体不仅表现出Landau-Zenner隧穿，而且出现新的Wannier-Stark隧穿，Wannier-Stark隧穿系数大约是Landu-Zener隧穿系数的1000倍，并得到了隧穿率随温度的变化规律，包括经典热激活、热助隧穿和量子隧穿，理论的计算结果与Yale大学和意大利INFM研究组关于Landau-Zener隧穿的实验结果相符合，同时给出了如何在实验上发现Wannier-Stark隧穿的参数区间。     

光子晶格中光束演化的二能级模型及非线性Landau-Zener隧穿

推导了光束在Kerr介质、屏蔽介质及光伏介质的一维光子晶格中演化的二能级形式,给出了光束在这三种光折变介质中传播时二能级系统的经典哈密顿形式.以屏蔽介质为例,做出了空间相图,当非线性参数变化时,空间相图的拓扑改变.给出了空间相图的拓扑发生改变时,非线性参数的临界值.数值研究了非线性Landau-Zener（LZ）隧穿,得到非线性参数与LZ隧穿率的关系,发现非线性参数大于0时增强了隧穿,而非线性参数小于0时抑制了隧穿. 关键词： 二能级模型 光折变介质 光子晶格 非线性Landau-Zener隧穿     

半无限周期光子晶体全反射隧穿效应的共振机理

建立了一维半无限周期光子晶体的谐振腔模型.利用谐振腔的共振条件推导出全反射隧穿导带波长满足的解析公式,从理论上解释了一维半无限周期光子晶体的全反射隧穿效应产生的物理机理.利用波长的解析公式对全反射隧穿导带的波长随导带级数、腔光学厚度以及入射角的变化规律进行了研究,解释了一维半无限周期光子晶体的全反射隧穿效应的变化规律.将共振理论的结果与色散法的结果进行比较,其结果吻合.     

半无限周期光子晶体全反射隧穿效应的共振机理

建立了一维半无限周期光子晶体的谐振腔模型.利用谐振腔的共振条件推导出全反射隧穿导带波长满足的解析公式,从理论上解释了一维半无限周期光子晶体的全反射隧穿效应产生的物理机理.利用波长的解析公式对全反射隧穿导带的波长随导带级数、腔光学厚度以及入射角的变化规律进行了研究,解释了一维半无限周期光子晶体的全反射隧穿效应的变化规律.将共振理论的结果与色散法的结果进行比较,其结果吻合.     

双色光晶格势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的Landau-Zener隧穿行为

考虑玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体局限于周期性的双色光晶格势阱中,研究其中的Bloch能带结构、第一能隙和第二能隙的Landau-Zener隧穿行为.结果表明,随着双色光晶格势阱的主、次晶格相位差从0增加到π,Bloch能带中第一能隙宽度逐渐增加,而第二能隙宽度逐渐减小.同时发现,双色光晶格势阱的主、次晶格深度及其相位差对第一能隙和第二能隙的Landau-Zener隧穿性质有重要的影响.     

TM光子在受抑全内反射结构中的隧穿时间

用电磁场的能量转移速度定义了TM光子在受抑全内反射结构中的隧穿时间，对所得结果进行了分析和讨论，并把这个结果与TE光子隧穿的时间进行了比较。     

分子磁体中的量子隧穿及宏观量子效应

文章介绍了分子磁体中的量子隧穿和宏观量子效应理论和实验研究的新进展．分子磁体既有宏观磁体特性也呈现纯量子行为，例如磁化矢量的量子隧穿．文章作者解释了如何通过量子隧穿实现宏观量子相干(即薛定谔猫态的相干叠加)和量子态位相干涉．对隧穿率计算的瞬子方法，特别是有限温度隧穿理论及其在分子磁体量子隧穿中的应用也做了简要的阐述．     

Induced phase transition of BECs in optical lattices by impurity

In this work, the influence of imparity on BECs in optical lattices is investigated, and the possibility of MI-SF transition induced by impurity is verified. After the numerical calculation, the schematic phase diagram is discussed with an emphasis on the role of impurity. When n10 = n20, the phase boundaries coincide with each other; when n10 < n20 and U12 < 0, the phase boundaries do not intersect at all; when n10 < n20 and U12 > 0, the phase boundaries may or may not intersect, depending on the values of...     

Bessel型光晶格中双组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态解

研究了平面Bessel型光晶格(BL)中双组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BECs)体系的基态解.从描述三维(3D)BECs体系的动力学方程Gross-Pitaevskii方程(GPE)出发,当垂直方向囚禁频率远大于平面上囚禁频率时,得到了描述2D-BECs体系的动力学方程.利用双组分BECs体系中原子之间相互作用与BL强度相互平衡的条件,得到了平面BL光晶格中2D-GPE的一组基态精确解,给出了基态的原子数分布,总原子数和能量与原子之间相互作用强度及BL势的关系.相对于单组分BEC体系,由于不同组分原子相互作用的存在,使得BL光晶格中双组分BECs基态具有更丰富的结构.当不存在不同组分原子之间的相互作用时,模型简化到单组分体系,并给出了相应的基态解,原子数分布和能量. 关键词： Bessel型光晶格 基态解 双组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚     

Dimensional crossover of a Rabi-coupled two-component Bose–Einstein condensate in an optical lattice

Dimensionality is a central concept in developing the theory of low-dimensional physics.However,previous research on dimensional crossover in the context of a Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC) has focused on the single-component BEC.To our best knowledge,further consideration of the two-component internal degrees of freedom on the effects of dimensional crossover is still lacking.In this work,we are motivated to investigate the dimensional crossover in a three-dimensional(3D) Rabi-coupled two-compon...     

Simulating cyclotron-Bloch dynamics of a charged particle in a 2D lattice by means of cold atoms in driven quasi-1D optical lattices

Quantum dynamics of a charged particle in a two-dimensional (2D) lattice subject to magnetic and electric fields is a rather complicated interplay between cyclotron oscillations (the case of vanishing electric field) and Bloch oscillations (zero magnetic field), details of which has not yet been completely understood. In the present work we suggest to study this problem by using cold atoms in optical lattices. We introduce a one-dimensional (1D) model which can be easily realized in laboratory experiments with quasi-1D optical lattices and show that this model captures many features of the cyclotron-Bloch dynamics of the quantum particle in 2D square lattices.     

Solitons in optical lattices with nonlocal nonlinearity

The propagation of spatial solitons is systematically investigated in nonlocal nonlinear media with an imprinted transverse periodic modulation of the refractive index. Based on the variational principle and the infinitesimal approximation of Maclaurin series expansion, we obtain an analytical solution of such nonlocal spatial solitons and an interesting result that the critical power for such solitons propagation is smaller than that in uniform nonlocal self-focusing media. It is found that there exist thresholds in modulation period and lattice depth for such solitons. A stable spatial soliton propagation is maintained with proper adjustment of the modulation period and the lattice depth.     

The mobility of nonlocal solitons in fading optical lattices

We study the soliton mobility in nonlocal nonlinear media with an imprinted fading optical lattice. The results show that the transverse mobility of solitons varies with the lattice decay rate and the nonlocality degree, which provides an opportunity for all-optical control of light.     

Impurity-induced localization of Bose-Einstein condensates in one-dimensional optical lattices

The impurity-induced localization of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates loaded into deep one-dimensional optical lattices is studied both analytically and numerically.It is shown that,the analytical criteria for self-trapping and moving soliton/breather of the primary-component condensate are modified significantly by an admixture of an impurity component (the second component).The realization of the self-trapped state and the moving soliton/breather states of the primary-component becomes more easy with the minor admixture of the impurity-component,even if the two components are partly overlapped.     

Graphene-like physics in optical lattices

Graphene has attracted enormous attention over the past years in condensed matter physics. The most interesting feature of graphene is that its low-energy excitations are relativistic Dirac fermions. Such feature is the origin of many topological properties in graphene-like physics. On the other hand, ultracold quantum gas trapped in an optical lattice has become a unique setting for quantum simulation of condensed matter physics. Here, we mainly review our recent work on quantum simulation of graphene-like physics with ultracold atoms trapped in a honeycomb or square optical lattice, including the simulation of Dirac fermions and quantum Hall effect with and without Landau levels. We also present the related experimental advances.     

Quantum droplets in two-dimensional optical lattices

We study the stability of zero-vorticity and vortex lattice quantum droplets (LQDs), which are described by a two-dimensional (2D) Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation with a periodic potential and Lee– Huang–Yang (LHY) term. The LQDs are divided in two types: onsite-centered and offsite-centered LQDs, the centers of which are located at the minimum and the maximum of the potential, respectively. The stability areas of these two types of LQDs with different number of sites for zero-vorticity and vorticity with S = 1 are given. We found that the μ–N relationship of the stable LQDs with a fixed number of sites can violate the Vakhitov–Kolokolov (VK) criterion, which is a necessary stability condition for nonlinear modes with an attractive interaction. Moreover, the μ–N relationship shows that two types of vortex LQDs with the same number of sites are degenerated, while the zero-vorticity LQDs are not degenerated. It is worth mentioning that the offsite-centered LQDs with zero-vorticity and vortex LQDs with S = 1 are heterogeneous.     

Quantum Tunneling of Two-Species Cold Bosonic Atoms in Optical Lattices

In this letter, we have studied quantum tunneling of two-species cold bosonic atoms in an optical lattices. When the optical lattice is not infinitely long and the spin excitations are not in the long-wavelength limit, quantum tunnelings are presented.