微波消解–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中的重金属

建立微波消解–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr含量的方法。以HNO_3–HF–H_2O_2为消解体系,土壤和沉积物样品经微波消解后用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定。测定Cu,Pb,Zn时的助燃比为4∶1,测定Cr时的助燃比为4∶1.5,测定Ni时的助燃比为5∶1;Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr的检测波长分别为324.7,213.9,217.0,232.0,357.9 nm。各元素质量浓度在0～1.2mg/L范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.22～0.88 mg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.0%～4.1%(n=6),加标回收率为95.0%～99.0%。该方法操作简便、快速,适用于土壤和沉积物样品中重金属的分析检验。     

土壤和沉积物中全硼量与其他微量及常量元素的ICP-AES同时测定

用含有氢氟酸的混酸(H_3PO_4-HClO_4-HNO_3-HF或H_3PO_4-HNO_3-HF)分解样品,磷酸的存在可以避免硼挥发损失。利用ICP-AES法同时测定土壤和水系沉积物样品中全硼量及其他18个常量及微量元素,对标准参考物质的分析结果表明,方法有良好的准确度和精密度。硼的回收率在84.8—100％之间,相对标准偏差小于7.4％(微量元素)和小于3.9％(大量和小量元素)。方法适合于土壤和沉积物批量样品的多元素快速分析。     

催化动力学光度法测定葡萄糖氧化酶活性研究

本文对葡萄糖氧化酶(GO酶)在不同缓冲体系中的活性、酸度、温度的影响进行了研究。表明GO酶在KH_2PO_4-Na_2HPO_4-H_3PO_4体系中活性最大。测定反应基于GO酶催化葡萄糖氧化产生H_2O_2,再用Mo(Ⅵ)催化H_2O_2氧化KI,以淀粉显色,于570nm处测定吸光度,建立了测定生物样品中GO酶的方法。该法在1.6×10~(-3)～8×10~(-2)u/ml酶活力单位浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.997。并对放置不同时间的峰蜜进行了测定,回收率在92％～110％。结果尚属满意。     

微波酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤和沉积物中Be~(2+)

建立了微波酸溶电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定土壤和沉积物中Be2+的分析方法。采用HNO_3-HCl-HF混酸体系微波消解土壤及沉积物样品,以电热板赶酸的方法对样品进行前处理。优化了仪器参数,采用在线内标法消除基体效应。方法的检出限为0.0029mg/kg。对土壤标准样品进行测定,结果都在标准值范围之内;对土壤及沉积物实际样品进行测定,相对标准偏差均小于5%,加标回收率分别在94.4%~115%和91.5%~113%范围之内。实验结果表明,建立的ICP-MS法与石墨炉原子吸收(GFAA)法对土壤的沉积物中Be~(2+)的测定无差异性。     

高精度镉同位素分析样品消解方法对比研究

为考察不同消解方法的优缺点以及对不同基质样品(沉积物和大米)Cd同位素组成的影响,该文采用干法灰化法、酸提取法、微波消解法和高温高压密闭消解法等消解方法对水系沉积物(GSD)进行消解处理,比较了不同消解方法对沉积物Cd同位素组成测定的影响。随后使用微波消解法和高温高压密闭消解法对大米标准物质以及实际大米样品进行了消解。结果表明：高温高压密闭消解法所获得的沉积物Cd同位素测试结果在国内外文献报道的参考值范围内,能够满足同位素测定要求。而使用干法灰化法和酸提取法消解样品时,由于存在元素损失或消解不完全,标准物质Cd元素的回收率偏低(低至72.8%),导致同位素测试结果显著偏离真实值(Δ114/110Cd值最大偏差达0.24‰)。微波消解法处理标准物质Cd元素的回收率在96.6%~98.8%范围内,且同位素测试结果与高温高压密闭消解法结果吻合良好(Δ114/110Cd≤±0.04‰),表明微波消解法可以满足沉积物Cd同位素的测定要求,能够获得准确的Cd同位素组成数据。对大米标准物质和实际大米样品进行消解,所获得的Cd同位素测试结果与上述沉积物样品结果相同(Δ114/110Cd≤±0.04‰),进一步验证了微波消解法的可靠性,证实微波消解法可用于沉积物及植物样品(大米)Cd同位素分析的快速消解。     

过氧化氢歧化酶模拟酶的合成及催化性质的研究——meso-四(4-磺基苯)卟啉-锰(MnTPPS_4)作为模拟酶的研究

锰和meso-四(4-磺基苯)卟啉的螯合物MnTPPS_4可以作为过氧化氢歧化酶的模拟酶催化H_2O_2分解。本文首次探索将该模拟酶应用于生物传感器方面的可行性。在25℃、pH8.0条件下,模拟酶电极对1.0×10~(-3)～7.0×10~(-3)mol/L浓度范围的H_2O_2的响应呈线性。相关系数为0.9964。该电极的重现性,回收率良好,具有一定的抗干扰能力。这为进一步将该模拟酶代替天然酶应用于生物传感器奠定基础。     

微波加压溶样冷原子吸收法测定氟石粉中微量汞

本文采用美国CEM公司生产的MDS-2000型微波样品制备系统分解氟石粉样品,然后用冷原子吸收法测定氟石粉中微量汞,测定下限达0.01μg·g~(-1).一般出口合同中常规定氟石粉中含汞量小于0.3μg·g~(-1),为此采用本法完全能满足合同检验要求.微波制样系统是将微波加热技术与高压密闭溶样结合为一体,采用微处理机控制溶样过程的温度与压力.密闭容器微波消解样品,利用在2～3min内获得高温、高压分解样品,具有快速不易挥发损失等优点.     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定活性白土中痕量毒理性元素

建立了不同样品消解方式下,检测活性白土中痕量毒理性元素的电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)分析方法。分别采用微波和密闭压力对活性白土样品进行消解,利用ICP-MS/MS法测定其中Cr、Ni、As、Cd、Sn、Sb、Hg和Pb共8种毒理性元素。在MS/MS模式下,分别以O_2和NH_3/He为反应气消除了测定过程中的质谱干扰。各元素具有良好的线性关系(R2≥0.9999),检出限为0.35~5.20 ng/g。应用与活性白土基质组成相似的国家标准参考物质水系沉积物(GBW07306)验证了分析方法的准确性和精密度,结果显示,采用微波消解和密闭压力消解对样品进行前处理的测定值与标准参考物质的证实值基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤5.2%,验证了分析结果准确可靠、精密度高。本方法具有分析速度快、检出限低且无干扰的优点,适用于活性白土中痕量毒理性元素的高通量分析。     

“H_2O_2分解动力学”教学实验方法的改进

“H_2O_2分解动力学”是国内外许多大学目前仍然在采用的一个实验方法。它是根据 H_2O_2在有 I~-或 Fe~(+++)存在的条件下,发生下列     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-荧光检测土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-荧光(HPLC-FLD)检测土壤中4种喹诺酮类抗生素的分析方法.样品采用50% Mg(NO_3)_2-10% NH_3 · H_2O(96∶ 4,V/V)超声提取,过HLB柱富集净化,再用乙腈-0.067 mol/L H_3PO_4溶液洗脱.采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器,以乙腈-0.067 mol/L H_3PO_4(用三乙胺调节至pH 2.5)为流动相,于激发波长280 nm、发射波长450 nm处进行检测.土壤样品中4种喹诺酮类抗生素的加标回收率在60.4%～99.3%之间,检出限为0.58～1.0 μg/kg.对蔬菜基地土壤样品分析结果表明,本方法能够满足实际样品的分析要求,4种喹诺酮类抗生素均被检出,土壤中抗生素污染问题值得关注.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.