基于三幅子图的干涉合成孔径雷达数据处理方法研究

现有干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)数据处理方法需要单视复图像对包含的所有四幅子图信息, 且生成的干涉相位图去相关噪声非常严重。提出了基于三幅子图的InSAR数据处理方法：等值线相关干涉法, 包括图像对配准和干涉相位图生成。首先介绍了条纹方向图和条纹等值线窗口求取的方法, 并对算法进行了改进, 然后采用相关的方法详细推导了在等值线窗口内InSAR图像的配准和干涉相位图生成的公式。模拟和实测数据表明, 等值线相关干涉法(CCI方法)仅需用InSAR复数图像对的4个实虚部子图中任意3个能得到基本无斑点噪声、无模糊效应的干涉相位图, 并且减少了数据的传输和处理量, 是一种InSAR数据处理的全新方法。     

基于SURF和RANSAC算法的同步相移干涉图位置配准方法

同步相移干涉技术通过同时获取多幅相移干涉图,实现动态波面的相移干涉测量。为了保证测量精度,在实施相移算法前,需要对相移干涉图进行准确的位置配准。提出了一种结合加速稳健特征(SURF)提取算法和随机采样一致性(RANSAC)算法的多步干涉图位置配准方法,通过配准具有一定特征的干涉背景图,获得图像之间的变换关系并作用于相移干涉图,实现同步相移干涉图位置配准。仿真分析表明,该方法在光强不均的情况下对平移和旋转变换均具有较好的校准效果;在含有高斯白噪声的情况下,仍能进行配准获得变换矩阵,完成相位恢复。将此方法应用于四步同步相移显微干涉测量仪对标准平面进行测量,得到测量结果峰谷值为23.2520nm,均方根值为2.3149nm。     

基于统计分析方法的同步移相干涉图位置配准

使用同步移相干涉仪重建波前相位时,需要对移相干涉图进行准确的位置配准和目标区域确定以保证重建精度和相位解缠绕算法的成功实施。提出一种基于统计分析方法的圆形域同步移相干涉图位置配准技术,对一组包含不同相位分布的干涉图按照对应像素位置进行方差分布函数计算;利用最大组间方差法完成阈值分割,从而分离出干涉图像的背景与目标区域,通过梯度运算检测出目标区域的轮廓;利用改进Hough变换算法估计出各个轮廓的绝对位置和半径参数。数值仿真结果表明,当轮廓半径大于64pixel时,该方法的配准精度可以达到0.5pixel。通过建立自参考同步移相干涉仪对该方法的可靠性与实用性进行实验验证。     

干涉条纹的处理方法研究

论述了干涉图的图像处理方法,提出了干涉图反高斯变换的光强平均分布处理,保证了干涉图信号的完整性,同时将基于视觉零交叉理论的边缘检测方法应用于干涉条纹的边缘检测中,精确地检测了干涉条纹的边缘,减小了上干涉条纹提取相位差的误差,并与常用的二值化方法进行比较,最后给出了一个有效的干涉条纹细化方法,并与其它处理方法进行了比较 。     

含冲击波流场干涉图的图像处理方法研究

本文研究了含冲击波流场干涉图的图像处理方法,它包括干涉条纹的快束细化算法,冲击波波阵面的提取算法和时间序列冲击波波阵面的配准算法.根据这些算法,在PC-VISION 100图像处理机上开发了应用软件.实验结果表明,该方法可用于定量计算冲击波的传播速度和压力分布,增加了流场干涉图的用途.     

时空联合调制空间外差干涉成像仪自适应条纹模板研究

时空联合调制型空间外差干涉成像光谱仪(TS-SHIS)推扫图像中有明显的干涉条纹,这会导致传统的图像配准方法对TS-SHIS推扫图像配准计算结果的影响较大。鉴于此,提出一种基于目标干涉数据的自适应条纹模板构建方法,采用该方法消除TS-SHIS推扫图像中的干涉条纹,并利用曲面拟合加梯度法对消条纹后的推扫图像进行图像配准。仿真及实验研究结果表明,所提方法能够有效消除TS-SHIS推扫图像中零光程差处的干涉条纹;干涉条纹对配准计算的影响得到抑制;消条纹处理对图像配准计算结果的影响在0.02 pixel以内。     

基于样本块匹配的干涉图延拓方法

在快速傅里叶变换(FFT)方法处理单幅干涉图原理的基础上,提出一种基于样本块匹配的干涉图延拓方法,利用干涉图像的可信度和等照度线特征,来确定待填充块的优先权,然后在干涉图的已知区域寻找与待填充块最相似的样本块来进行填充。充分利用了干涉图的条纹特征,结合梯度变化方向有效地合成纹理信息,具有很好的延拓效果。最后将该干涉图延拓方法与傅里叶变换,合适的滤波函数和相位解包方法结合起来形成整套单幅干涉图处理方法。采用该单幅干涉图处理方法获得的波面峰谷值与Zygo移相干涉仪得到的平均相差不到λ/100,并且两种方法获得的波面均方根值平均相差不到λ/200。     

基于似然函数最速下降的红外与可见光图像配准

为了实现红外与可见光图像的自动配准,提出了基于似然函数最速下降迭代的图像配准算法.该算法以图像边缘作为配准点特征,将异源图像配准转化为边缘点集配准.基于点集的高斯混合模型建立了边缘点集配准似然函数,以该函数作为目标函数,仿射变换参量作为优化变量,利用最速下降方法进行最优变换参量求解,从而实现边缘点集配准.同时,将多分辨...     

基于似然函数最速下降的红外与可见光图像配准

为了实现红外与可见光图像的自动配准,提出了基于似然函数最速下降迭代的图像配准算法.该算法以图像边缘作为配准点特征,将异源图像配准转化为边缘点集配准.基于点集的高斯混合模型建立了边缘点集配准似然函数,以该函数作为目标函数,仿射变换参量作为优化变量,利用最速下降方法进行最优变换参量求解,从而实现边缘点集配准.同时,将多分辨率金字塔引入迭代配准框架下,实现了高分辨率图像配准的加速.实验结果表明:该算法精度高,运算速度快,可以很好地完成可见光与红外图像的自动配准.     

起爆药爆轰场和燃烧场的干涉法显示及其图像处理

本文介绍了利用脉冲YAG激光引爆起爆药产生爆轰流场或燃烧温度场,用时间序列干涉法首次获得了爆轰流场和起始燃烧过程的时间序列干涉图的实验结果.在此基础上,采用条纹曲线检测法和双三次多结点插值样条函数从干涉图上提取爆轰场冲击波的波阵面,并通过序列波阵面配准算法,定量地计算了冲击波的传播速度.同时,还定量计算了燃烧场温度随时间变化的分布.     

基于热红外图像处理技术的农作物冠层识别方法研究

为解决农作物冠层热红外图像边缘灰度级分布不均且噪声较大,而传统图像分割方法难以实现其目标区域有效识别的难题,以苗期红小豆冠层热红外图像为研究对象,将模糊神经网络和仿射变换有机结合,提出了基于热红外图像处理技术的农作物冠层识别模型。首先利用五层线性归一化模糊神经网络的自适应特性,选取高斯隶属度函数,自动计算冠层可见光图像识别的推理规则,有效地分割了可见光图像中的冠层区域。通过分析3种分割指标和熵,定量评价可见光图像冠层分割质量。网络迭代38次时,误差精度为0.000 952,该算法平均有效识别率为96.13%,获取可见光冠层图像的像元信息熵值范围为2.454 4~5.198 7,与标准算法所得冠层图像的像元信息熵仅相差0.245 9。然后以取得可见光图像的冠层有效区域为参考图像,采用仿射变换算法,调整优选平移、旋转、缩放等图像变换因子,配准原始热红外图像,提出了基于仿射变换的冠层热红外图像识别方法。对于初始温度范围值在16.35~19.92 ℃的农作物热红外图像,计算选取旋转幅度为1.0和缩放因子为0.9时,作为异源图像的最优配准参数,获取目标图像的最大温差为3.17 ℃,相对于原图像的平均温度值由18.711 ℃下降至17.790 ℃,进而实现了基于热红外图像处理技术的农作物冠层识别。最后以熵的互信息作为监督指标,对农作物冠层热红外图像识别方法进行评价。提出的冠层热红外图像识别方法,所获取的目标图像与初始热红外图像的平均互信息为4.368 7,标准目标图像和初始热红外图像的平均互信息为3.981 8,二者仅相差0.486 9。同时,两种冠层热红外图像的平均温度差值为0.25 ℃,高效消除了原始热红外图像的背景噪声。结果表明本研究方法的有效性和实用性,能够为应用热红外图像反映农作物生理生态信息特征指标参数提供技术借鉴。     

Study on inspection method of glass defect based on phase image processing

To solve the problem in projecting grating method, the paper presents an inspection method based on phase image processing for glass defects. In the proposed method, the wrapped phase difference is achieved according to the images of defect-free and defect-containing. The unwrapping phase algorithm, based on jump corrected is used to eliminate jump error. The segmentation of defect region is implemented by integrating grayscale mathematical morphology with high-low threshold segmentation, and the boundary coordinate of connected region is used to calculate the size and location of defect. The results demonstrate that the proposed method provides reliable identification of defects.     

Smoothing filters in phase-shifting interferometry

The images used in phase-shifting interferometry are usually noisy and smoothing filters are frequently used. Filtering can be done on the fringe patterns before phase retrieving or on the phase map after phase retrieving. Filtering fringe patterns—a form of preprocessing, requires the same processing to be done on at least three patterns. Filtering phase map, on the other hand, needs processing of only one pattern. Preprocessing prevents noise from being carried through while post-processing might clip parts of the signal. Thus there is a need to evaluate which one is better. A theoretical analysis was carried out for this basic problem, followed by computer simulations and a real experiment for verification. The comparison was also extended to phase difference measurement which uses similar but slightly different phase retrieval algorithms.     

Balanced multi-image demons for non-rigid registration of magnetic resonance images

A new approach is introduced for non-rigid registration of a pair of magnetic resonance images (MRI). It is a generalization of the demons algorithm with low computational cost, based on local information augmentation (by integrating multiple images) and balanced implementation. Specifically, a single deformation that best registers more pairs of images is estimated. All these images are extracted by applying different operators to the two original ones, processing local neighbors of each pixel. The following five images were found to be appropriate for MRI registration: the raw image and those obtained by contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization, local median, local entropy and phase symmetry. Thus, each local point in the images is supplemented by augmented information coming by processing its neighbor. Moreover, image pairs are processed in alternation for each iteration of the algorithm (in a balanced way), computing both a forward and a backward registration.The new method (called balanced multi-image demons) is tested on sagittal MRIs from 10 patients, both in simulated and experimental conditions, improving the performances over the classical demons approach with minimal increase of the computational cost (processing time around twice that of standard demons). Specifically, a simulated deformation was applied to the MRIs (either original or corrupted by additive Gaussian or speckle noises). In all tested cases, the new algorithm improved the estimation of the simulated deformation (squared estimation error decreased by about 65% in the average). Moreover, statistically significant improvements were obtained in experimental tests, in which different brain regions (i.e., brain, posterior fossa and cerebellum) were identified by the atlas approach and compared to those manually delineated (in the average, Dice coefficient increased of about 6%).The conclusion is that a balanced method applied to multiple information extracted from neighboring pixels is a low cost approach to improve registration of MRIs.     

快速消除车辆阴影的多阈值图像分割法

 视频图像分割时的运动阴影由于与被测对象的相似性而常被误判为被测对象,传统的阴影检测方法一般难以满足实时智能交通系统对处理速度的要求。为此,提出用多阈值法分割图像,将灰度化的当前图像与背景差分,再用正、负两个阈值对其二值化,在分割出深色和浅色被测对象的同时消除阴影。实验表明,将这种方法应用于运动车辆的检测,具有速度快和阴影消除效果好等特点,可应用于实时的运动目标检测和跟踪等领域。     

New Phase-Shifting Method Using Two Images

We propose a continuous two-step method (CTSM) to obtain an image from two interference images for the measurement time reduction of optical coherence tomography. Image processing is performed for each pixel in CTSM. The calculated signal intensity has an average and standard deviation after processing since the heterodyne beat signal contains the noise in the measurements. We assume that the heterodyne beat signal contains the random noise in simulations and calculate the influence of the normalized standard deviation (NSD = standard deviation/average) on the random noise intensity for both CTSM and the conventional three-step method (TSM). We found that the NSD of the CTSM is only 1.4 times greater than that of the TSM despite processing only two images.     

含噪声包裹相位图的加权最小二乘相位展开算法研究

二维相位展开广泛应用在精密光学测量、自适应光学、合成孔径雷达、图像处理等领域中。为处理含噪声包裹相位图,以预条件共轭斜量法求解权重最小二乘相位展开方程。引入非加权二维离散余弦变换求解泊松方程得到的最小二乘相位解作为共轭斜量法的初始解,从而加快了收敛速度,同时提出一种新质量图确定算法求解过程中的权重项。计算机模拟和试验表明算法计算速度快,能有效地消除传统路径积分法在处理信噪比低包裹相位图时的"拉线"现象,是一种有效的相位展开方法。     

Rapid phase extraction method based on the difference image between interferograms with unknown phase-shifting amount

In phase-shifting interferometry, based on the difference image between interferograms with unknown phase-shifting amount, a rapid phase extraction method is proposed. In this method, first, by means of the simple subtraction operation between interferograms captured in one phase-shifting period, a sequence of difference images are generated easily; second, to decrease the random phase-shifting errors induced during the phase-shifting procedure, the summation operation is performed for these difference images; third, based on one time phase recovery operation and one time phase-unwrapping operation, the measured phase with high precision can be obtained rapidly. Moreover, in the proposed method, by means of a simple phase summation operation for all pixel-phases in one interferogram, the corresponding phase-shifting amount of interferogram can be determined conveniently.     

基于海面可见光图像的海界线快速检测

针对海面运动载体的可见光序列图像,紧密结合海面图像的特点,提出了一种适用于海天背景和海岸背景的海界线检测方法。根据量化子图像的区域复杂度以及单元区域上下邻域的灰度差异,来判断海界线区域是否存在,若存在则预测海界线区域的位置,若不存在则放弃后续处理。由于海界线是自然视野中最长的连续性最好的直线,所以先利用周围纹理抑制的改进Canny算子提取轮廓边缘,然后对Hough变换进行投票加权,精细检测水平或倾斜的海界线。实验证明,该方法能够快速定位海界线区域,并得出既包含有效信息又大幅缩减了无意义信息的二值图像,可在轮廓边缘中准确找到海界线,具有很好的稳健性和实时性,可以应用于需要精确的海界线信息的工程任务中。     

数字投影三维数字成像的并行DSP实现

提出一种基于数字白光投影的三维数字成像嵌入式DSP处理系统.该系统根据时序变频条纹投影原理,利用TMS320DM642定点DSP和FPGA硬件电路以及多线程软件技术实现了条纹编码、编码图像采集和条纹分析的流水线处理过程.为了提高相位解调算法的速度,使用软件流水对其进行了优化.对于512×512像素图像,五步相移时的条纹图处理速度可达到39.7 fps,能满足快速条纹图处理的要求.测量实验表明,该系统可以实现快速、准确的三维轮廓测量.