翻边压电晶片激励Lamb波声场研究

压电晶片广泛应用于超声波检测领域,是激励和接收超声波的最主要器件之一。本文通过实验、有限元压电模拟和半解析数值模拟,研究用压电晶片在板中激励Lamb波,三种方法得到的Lamb波信号中S0模态非常吻合,A0模态处稍有差异。同时还分析了晶片的电极形态对声场分布以及声场能量的影响,声场随着电极面积比变化而变化。研究结果可为压电晶片的实际使用提供参考。     

压电基因传感器研究进展

压电基因传感器是一种新型的生物传感器，它将压电传感器的灵敏性和DNA杂交反应结合在一起。与传统的基因检测技术相比，压电基因传感器具有结构简单、不需要标记、检测时间短等特点。本对压电基因传感器的研究现状作了综述，包括压电基因传感器的原理、测量技术、固定方法、以及压电基因传感器在各个领域的应用。     

双层压电结构超声波传感器的研究

为获得三频或宽频超声波传感器，本文提出了一种新型双层压电结构超声波传感器，文中从理论上分析研究了电容对其频率特性控制的原理，同时，在２ＭＨｚ频率范围进行了实测验证，理论与实测结果吻合较好。     

现代精密测量中的压电生物传感器

压电效应与现代生物技术相结合产生的压电生物传感器在微量物质的精确测定方面具有很大的潜力，这种传顺不但体积小，重量轻，而且灵敏度高，准确性好，是一项很有前途的精密测量技术，简要介绍了压电生物传感器的基本原理，结构和应用。     

基于ZnO/SiC结构的Lamb波传感器研究

由于超声波传感器的工作需要极高的灵敏度和稳定度,其性能优化一直是研究的重点之一。本文采用传递矩阵法计算了基于ZnO/SiC结构的Lamb波传感器的各项性能,包括机电耦合系数,插入损耗,灵敏度以及较小的最小检测域。根据模拟结果,对Lamb波传感器的以上五个性能参数进行了优化,得到了优化工作条件。 研究发现,Lamb波多模特性为这种传感器的性能优化提供了丰富的选择性,选择不同的模式,可以对各项性能参数进行不同目的的优化。研究结果对研制高性能的Lamb波超声传感器具有理论指导作用。     

压电免疫传感器的设计及应用

压电免疫传感器作为一种新型生物传感器,是利用压电元件的质量敏感性质,结合生物免疫识别特性而形成的一种自动化分析检测传感器,它可对钦种抗原或抗体进行的定量测定,并可有于反应动力学的研究,具有高特异性、高灵敏度、响应快、小型简便等特点。本文利用石英晶体产生体波厚度剪切振动模式,由双通道系统进行频率变化的测定。采用氨基硅烷膜固定抗体来定量检测溶液中人体免疫球蛋白Ｉdisplay status     

光纤光栅腐蚀传感器

提出了一种测量钢筋腐蚀的新型传感器.这种传感器将光纤光栅拉伸后固定在圆形钢筋的表面,在钢筋被腐蚀后,光纤光栅所受到的拉伸应变将被释放,光纤光栅的反射光波长发生变化,通过测量光纤光栅的波长就可以测得钢筋腐蚀程度.这种传感器测量准确度优于±0.1 μm,测量范围约12 μm,可用于混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀的早期监测.     

光纤腐蚀传感器研究进展

光纤腐蚀传感器(FOCS)是近年来腐蚀监测传感器的研究热点,以其轻巧简便、抗电磁干扰和可分布式测量等优点使其具有诱人的应用前景。对金属腐蚀机理作了介绍,给出了几种常见的光纤腐蚀传感器的检测方法,阐述近年来光纤腐蚀传感器的最新进展,对未来光纤腐蚀传感器的发展趋势作进一步展望。     

一种监测钢筋腐蚀的光纤光栅传感器的研究

钢筋腐蚀是导致钢筋混凝土结构耐久性劣化的最重要因素之一。钢筋腐蚀将导致钢筋体积大大增加,混凝土保护层开裂、剥落,结构承载力下降,甚至倒塌。基于光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器的原理,根据钢筋腐蚀体积膨胀,提出了一种新的钢筋腐蚀光纤光栅传感器及温度补偿方法。传感器构造是在两根紧靠的钢筋中心附近粘贴光纤光栅,由于钢筋腐蚀体积膨胀,钢筋直径增加将转变成布拉格光纤光栅的应变,从而实现对钢筋腐蚀程度及速率的监测。传感器的监测原理是设置一个钢筋腐蚀光纤光栅传感器来监测由于钢筋腐蚀和温度变化引起的光栅应变,同时单独设置一个不锈钢光纤光栅传感器来测量温度引起的光栅应变。这两个光纤光栅传感器的应变监测,可分离出钢筋由于腐蚀所引起的体积变化。在混凝土结构中埋入封装的传感器,通过监测光纤光栅波长的漂移可以直接测量钢筋腐蚀程度,而且不受腐蚀因素的影响,可用于混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀的早期监测。最后通过实验标定了钢筋腐蚀率与光栅波长位移的关系。     

压电矢量传感器的低噪声设计

针对压电矢量传感器的低噪声设计问题,建立了基于压电敏感器件、悬挂结构、前置放大电路及电缆的同振式矢量传感器等效自噪声分析模型;结合敏感器件的低噪声设计、悬挂结构对自噪声的影响以及前置放大电路低噪声匹配等内容提出了一种低噪声设计方法。设计了低噪声矢量传感器样机,研制了自噪声测量平台并对样机进行了测试。结果表明:样机的等效噪声声压谱级达到了55.5 dB/√Hz2@200 Hz,低于同频率Knudsen零级海况下海洋环境噪声;测试结果与设计结果相符,验证了低噪声设计方法的有效性,也为压电矢量传感器的低噪声设计提供了理论依据。     

In situ 2-D piezoelectric wafer active sensors arrays for guided wave damage detection

This paper presented development work of an in situ method for damage detection in thin-wall structures using embedded two-dimensional ultrasonic phased arrays. Piezoelectric wafer active sensors were used to generate and receive guided Lamb waves propagating in the plate-like structure. The development of a generic beamforming algorithm that does not require parallel ray assumption through using full wave propagation paths is described. A virtual beam steering method and device, the embedded ultrasonic structural radar, was implemented as a signal post-processing procedure. Several two-dimensional configurations were investigated and compared with beamforming simulation. Finally, rectangular shape arrays were developed for verifying the generic formulas and omnidirectionality. The rectangular arrays yield good directionality within the 360° full range and are able to detect damage anywhere in the entire plate.     

嵌入式超声传感器的混凝土损伤非线性检测研究*

对建筑结构在其生命周期中的损伤状态进行实时监测十分重要,借助埋在混凝土构件内部的压电传感器对结构进行无损检测是一种新型的检测手段。本文将压电传感器嵌入混凝土试件内部,通过超声二次谐波法对信号进行分析处理得到表征材料损伤的非线性参数,以此来监测混凝土的早期强度并对混凝土试件受压和钢筋混凝土梁受弯的不同损伤程度进行检测。结果证明,非线性参数可以反映混凝土养护过程的强度增长情况,也可以表征不同损伤形式下试件的损伤程度。     

Vibration-based damage detection and evaluation of sheet materials using a remote acoustic excitation

A simple method of damage severity assessment on sheet materials is suggested and proved by theory and experiment. The investigated defect types are in forms of added mass and crack. The method is based on the frequency shift measurement of a material vibrating as a membrane subjected to static tension and irradiated by an acoustic wave. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the natural frequency of the damaged membrane is shifted relative to its position in the ideal material. A local increase in thickness (or addition of mass) shifts the natural frequency down, while a crack shifts the frequency up. The method can be considered as acoustic weighting through the frequency shift. The sensitivity of this method can be high because frequency measurement is one of the most accurate measurements in physics and metrology. Published in Russian in Akusticheskiĭ Zhurnal, 2008, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 147–155. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Photothermoacoustic effect in solids with piezoelectric detection

The photothermoacoustic effect in solids with piezoelectric signal detection is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Analytical expressions are found for the amplitude and phase shift of the photothermoacoustic signal as a function of the thicknesses of the sample and piezoelectric transducer, the modulation frequency, and the material constants of the structure. A method is proposed for detecting the signal using a compound piezoelectric transducer. It is shown for a bilayer piezoelectric transducer that the reduced Young’s modulus and the thermal diffusion coefficient of the experimental object can be found from the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency curves. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 1–5 (December 1999)     

A theoretical analysis of a piezoelectric ultrasound device with an active matching layer

This paper investigates the use of magnetically active materials in the matching layer of a piezoelectric transducer. This then allows the performance of the device to be dynamically altered by applying an external field. The effect that this new matching layer has on the performance of a typical device is theoretically investigated here. It transpires that the additional flexibility of an active matching layer can be used to maintain the efficiency of the device as the external load is varied.     

应用于空间惯性传感器的压电驱动器的性能测试

为保证空间惯性传感器的正常在轨运行,在发射阶段需保证测试质量固定以避免与周围电容极板的接触碰撞;到达预定轨道后再重新捕获并以最小残余线速度将测试质量释放至精确位置,保持自由悬浮状态。测试质量的捕获定位对驱动器提出高精度的要求。本文针对在太空中捕获定位释放测试质量所用的压电直线驱动器进行了设计定制与性能测试。试验结果表明:该定制的压电驱动器最小步长小于1 nm,但步长稳定性误差较大;150 V工作电压条件最大驱动力达72 N;单步行进驱动力稳定;夹持测试质量过程中,驱动力稳定,稳定性偏差为0.16%。满足捕获、定位、释放机构的使用需求。     

Subfemtomole detection of small molecules with microsphere sensors

We investigated the feasibility of using a silica microsphere sensor for detection of small molecules. Using the silica molecules (60 Da) at the sphere's surface as a model system, we measured the spectral shifts in the whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) when the sphere size was decreased by a hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. The results demonstrate that our sensor is capable of detecting a 4 pm (or 0.01 layer of silica) decrease in sphere radius, corresponding to a change of 0.4 fmol silica molecule. These results suggest that small molecules can be detected in trace quantities at the surface of an optical microsphere sensor.     

Ultrasonic imaging of sheet metal forming

With sheet metal hydroforming, a sheet metal is formed by a liquid medium under high pressure (up to 1000 bar) and a cavity contour (die). As the exact state of forming is of interest, an ultrasonic imaging system is under development. The task is to determine the geometry of a sheet metal contour with respect to the original (before forming) and the final (die) state of the sheet metal. For this purpose, two different contour reconstruction algorithms were designed, tested and compared. With the reconstruction results it will be possible to determine the optimal distribution of transmitters and receivers in the ultrasonic transducer matrix. Experiments were conducted with one pair of transducers (unfocussed, center frequency 2 MHz) and a three axis stepper motor set-up. For each experimental set of data, the contour was reconstructed with both SAFT reconstruction algorithms. Both algorithms incorporate a priori information such as original and final contour and maximal axial dislocation of the sheet metal. The results for both algorithms are compared and the relative mean error in axial direction is 0.30% and 0.48%.     

Parametric resonance of plates in a sheet metal coating process

The vibration of sheet metal during zinc coating processes can lead to non-uniform coating thickness and overall poor product quality. This vibration develops from two principal mechanisms, namely, the run-out associated with the supporting rollers and/or bearings, and the time-varying tension associated with the manufacturing process. This study focuses on the second of these mechanisms (time-varying tension) that becomes significant under conditions leading to parametric resonance. The parametric resonance of the sheet metal is captured in a proposed model of a plate subject to time-varying and non-uniform edge tension. The model accounts for these effects as well as the non-linear stretching of the plate mid-plane as a result of transverse plate vibration. The linear vibration characteristics of the plate are studied first and are then used in deriving a single mode approximation of the non-linear, parametrically excited plate model. A perturbation solution of this model reveals the major parameters that influence parametric resonance in this application. Theoretical results for plate vibration are compared to experimental measurements of sheet metal vibration in a production facility. This comparison demonstrates that the model accurately captures the physical mechanisms responsible for sheet metal vibration and therefore, the physical parameters (such as damping) have the greatest impact on this vibration.     

Automatic detection of impact damage in carbon fiber composites using active thermography

Accidental impacts can severely reduce the structural strength and stability of composite materials, which can lead to severe consequences due to the degradation of the mechanical properties of components designed to perform for decades. Because accidental impacts are difficult to avoid, robust and reliable inspection methods to detect impact damage are required. Many methods have been proposed recently. However, most of them require an experienced technician to analyze the data, which leads to a significant decrease in manufacturing productivity. This work proposes a method to automatically detect impact damage in carbon fiber composites using active thermography. The proposed system detects defects caused by impact damage in the infrared images without human intervention. Impact damage detection is performed using a robust method based on an active thermographic inspection. Thermographic data is preprocessed to improve signal-to-noise ratio and to remove non-uniform background caused by non-uniform heating. Then, peaks and edges are identified and clustered, and regions corresponding to impact damage are detected. The proposed procedure has been applied to three specimens that contain 6 and 12 plies, different types of cores, and damage caused by energies from 6 J to 50 J. All defects are detected correctly.