Approximate Predictions of Ice Accretion on an Overhead Transmission Line which Rotates with Constant Angular Velocity

An airflow carrying either freezing-fog droplets or wet snowimpinging on an overhead transmission line causes ice to accreteon the windward side of the conductor. In the vicinity of theconductor anchors (at the towers), axial growth, in the formof a spike of ice growing outward into the wind, is observed.Near the centre of the span this eccentric ice loading causesthe conductor to twist so that cylindrical-sleeve growth isobserved. For small-diameter conductors of low torsional stiffnessthe conductor rotation can amount to many complete revolutions.It is useful to obtain some understanding of this mode of iceaccretion prior to undertaking any investigation of the aeroelasticsystem under icing conditions and it has direct relevance toice loading on small-diameter conductors. To this end, a simple‘icing-clock’ model for sleeve growth in which theconductor rotates with constant angular velocity is proposed,enablinganalytical results on the mechanics of the ice evolution processto be obtained.     

Mathematical Models for Ice Accretion on Conductors using Free Streamline Theory: Part I: Single Conductor

It is the purpose of this paper to develop theoretical modelsof rime ice accretion and snow loading on a single conductor.The ice-accretion kinetics are formulated in terms of separatedor free streamline airflow, assuming that the conductor doesnot twist under the eccentric ice loading on the windward side. The new results for rime ice accretion lead to interesting comparisonsof the predicted rate of axial growth for attached and separatedpotential flow, respectively. A new ice-accretion model is thenproposed for snow loading and here account is taken of the factthat the length of dendritic snowflakes is comparable with thediameter of the conductor.     

Cross-sections, quotients, and representation rings of semisimple algebraic groups

Let G be a connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k. In 1965 Steinberg proved that if G is simply connected, then in G there exists a closed irreducible cross-section of the set of closures of regular conjugacy classes. We prove that in arbitrary G such a cross-section exists if and only if the universal covering isogeny t:[^(G)] ? G \tau :\hat{G} \to G is bijective; this answers Grothendieck’s question cited in the epigraph. In particular, for char k = 0, the converse to Steinberg’s theorem holds. The existence of a cross-section in G implies, at least for char k = 0, that the algebra k[G] ^G of class functions on G is generated by rk G elements. We describe, for arbitrary G, a minimal generating set of k[G] ^G and that of the representation ring of G and answer two Grothendieck’s questions on constructing generating sets of k[G] ^G . We prove the existence of a rational (i.e., local) section of the quotient morphism for arbitrary G and the existence of a rational cross-section in G (for char k = 0, this has been proved earlier); this answers the other question cited in the epigraph. We also prove that the existence of a rational section is equivalent to the existence of a rational W-equivariant map T ⇢ G/T where T is a maximal torus of G and W the Weyl group.     

基于冰对结构物作用力的莱州湾海冰灾害预警流程研究

通过水文气象要素实现对冰基本物理和力学性质参数的评估,结合不同类型结构物承受冰作用力的计算方法,实现对结构物实时承受冰作用力的评价.在此基础上实现对结构物所承受作用力与该结构物设计抗冰能力的比较,并将该比值作为预警关键指标.以直立结构物为例,建立了依据结构物的安全运营、正常的生产作业和人员舒适度三方面的综合预警阈值,形成完整的预警流程.在实践中,需要针对具体结构物类型,一是根据结构物操作规程和经验积累调整阈值的范围;二是继续积累不同破坏方式的大应变速率(位移速率)的冰强度试验统计结果.     

基于3G网络的河道冰凌图像遥测系统设计与冰凌密度分析

设计了一种适用于野外无供电条件下的河道冰凌图像远程遥测系统,介绍了系统的整体结构、运行模式和关键电路的构成以及图像处理模块的选型.设计系统可以通过3G无线网络将上位微机图像监测控制命令传送到河道现场,可以实时控制现场控制摄像头的旋转角度、方向及焦距,实现对被监测河道区域冰凌图像的多视角实时在线监测;系统上位微机管理软件对接收到的冰凌图像信号经过动态阈值分割算法处理,可获得观测区域河道水面冰凌密度数值.     

Accretion centers: A generalization of branch weight centroids

An ordered n-tuple (v_i1,v_i2,…,v_in) is called a sequential labelling of graph G if {v_i1,v_i2,…,v_in} = V(G) and the subgraph induced by {v_i1,v_i2,…, v_ij} is connected for 1≤j≤n. Let σ(v;G) denote the number of sequential labellings of G with v_i1=v. Vertex v is defined to be an accretion center of G if σ is maximized at v. This is shown to generalize the concept of a branch weight centroid of a tree since a vertex in a tree is an accretion center if and only if it is a centroid vertex. It is not, however, a generalization of the concept of a median since for a general graph an accretion center is not necessarily a vertex of minimum distance. A method for computing σ(v;G) based upon edge contractions is described.     

基于冰与水等效电阻值差异的冰情检测原理及其在河冰检测中的应用

通过实验分析了冰在生长与消融过程中所表现出的电阻特性,提出了冰随温度变化呈现出的低阻区与高阻区现象.在此基础上介绍了"基于空气、冰与水的等效电阻值差异的冰情检测原理",以及基于这一原理设计的"R-T冰水情自动检测传感器",通过对传感器在中国北方地区黑龙江河河道冰情现场检测中的采集数据分析,提出了冰结构对冰等效电阻的影响效果.     

Mathematical Model of Ice Melting on Transmission Lines

During ice storms, ice forms on high voltage electrical lines. This ice formation often results in downed lines and has been responsible for considerable damage to life and property as was evidenced in the catastrophic ice storm of Quebec recently. There are two main aspects, viz., the formation of ice and its timely mitigation. In this paper, we mathematically model the melting of ice due to a higher current applied to the transmission wire. The two dimensional cross-section contains four layers consisting of the transmission wire, water due to melting of ice, ice, and the atmosphere. The model includes heat equations for the various regions with suitable boundary conditions. Heat propagation and ice melting are expressed as a Stefan-like problem for the moving boundary between the layers of ice and water. The model takes into account gravity which leads to downward motion of ice and to forced convection of heat in the water layer. In this paper, the results are applied to the case when the cross-sections are concentric circles to yield melting times for ice dependent on the increase in intensity of the electrical flow in the line. This research has been supported in part by Manitoba Hydro and NSERC.     

带斜拉索的索结构的特征频率分析

计算了带斜拉索的索结构在面内振动的近似特征频率，该索结构的不同位置还带有质点．发现经典传递矩阵法已不足以解决此问题，因此采用较大的外矩阵来确定特征频率方程．然后在对外矩阵渐近估计的基础上，确定一般索结构的动力学性能．     

组合证券投资优化模型的比较研究

本文给出基于历史收益率数据的均值一极差和均值一离差型组合证券投资优化模型,并用实例对两模型的结果进行比较。     

Banach空间上范数的各种k光滑性

本文中，作者提出了ｋ很光滑的概念，并研究了它和ｋ光滑，弱Ｈａｈｎ－Ｂａｎａｃｈ光滑以及ＲＮＰ之间的关系；还讨论了ｋ光滑性和ｋ强光滑性（ｋＳＳ）的一些等价条件。     

证券投资组合优化模型的进一步研究

本提出了正离差负离差的概念；并运用它们分别来衡量风险回报和风险损失；并提出了一个反映风险回报率和风险损失率的信息量k。     

Various Slicing Indices on Banach Spaces

We give a short and direct proof for the computation of the Szlenk index of the C(K) spaces, when K is a countable compact space and determine their Lavrientiev indices. We also compute the Szlenk index of certain C(α) spaces, where α is an uncountable ordinal. Finally, we show that if the Szlenk index of a Banach space is ω (first infinite ordinal), then its weak*-dentability index is at most ω² and that this estimate is optimal. The first author was supported by the grants: Institutional Research Plan AV0Z10190503, A100190502, GA ČR 201/04/0090.     

带人工雨线的拉索在风激励下的响应

通过在风洞中对一具有可调动力特性、雨线位置和风向角的带人工雨线的拉索模型进行了试验,研究了拉索的风雨激振特性.试验结果和其他研究人员的结果进行了仔细对比,得到了一些新的结论,澄清了过去的一些模糊认识.结果表明,带人工雨线的水平索在风向为零时的响应可以用Den Hartog驰振机制来解释,而风向不为零时,拉索表现为限速振动或限速和驰振的混合型振动.     

冰下流场动力学特性的数值模拟研究

在控制海冰运动的各项外力中,风、流的拖曳力起到了决定性作用;其中流拖曳力包括由于冰侧或冰脊压力梯度产生的形拖曳力和由于水流在冰底面的粘性作用产生的摩拖曳力.基于计算流体动力学软件FLUENT针对光滑冰底冰块进行二维数值模拟,分别得到5种不同入水深度、8种水流速度共40种工况下的冰下流场分布及冰块所受流体拖曳力.经对比发现,数值计算结果与物理模型实验结果吻合较好,从而验证了该数值模型在模拟冰下流场及拖曳力时的有效性.流场计算结果显示,冰下受影响流场区域随入水深度增加而扩大,尾流场近浮冰区域存在涡流,并且涡动中心随着入水深度的增加而逐渐远离浮冰尾部.拖曳力计算结果表明浮冰所受拖曳力与流速平方存在线性关系.     

Groups with Various Minimal Conditions on Subgroups

We briefly review some recent works on groups with the weak minimal condition on nonnilpotent subgroups. We also study the class of groups with the weak minimal condition on non-(soluble of derived length d) subgroups.     

一个方差公式的多种证明

运用方差性质,协方差定义,函数凸性等方法,给出一个方差公式Var max(a,X)≤Var X的多种证明.     

Universality of Various Zeta-Functions

This is a survey of results on joint universality in Voroninʼs sense of various zeta-functions, when in the collection of these functions some of them have the Euler product and the others have not.