High sensitivity adaptive optics control of laser beam based on interferometric phase-front detection

We present an upgrade of an adaptive optics (AO) system for the control of geometrical fluctuations in a laser beam, based on the interferometric detection of phase front. Acoustic isolation and suitable design of optical system make the present system very sensitive to laser beam geometrical fluctuations and can be an interesting step toward the active correction of the small perturbations of the input beam of gravitational wave interferometric detectors.     

Numerical analysis of phase-stepping interferometric photoelasticity for plane stress separation

A phase-stepping method for interferometric photoelasticity is proposed to determinate whole-field plane stress components. Isopachic phase can be obtained by rotating polarizer, second quarter-wave plate and analyzer at definite optical arrangements. On the other hand, isochromatic and isoclinic phases can be determined in a circular polariscope arrangement. Furthermore, a load-stepping method is adopted to overcome the wrong mathematic sign of the isochromatics in the ambiguity regions and the influence of initial interferometric fringes on the isopachics. Light intensities and phase-stepping formula for the proposed method are derived using Jones calculus. Simulation of a circular disk under diametral compression demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method.     

干涉型光纤传感器信号检测技术的研究

光纤传感器是一种高灵敏度传感器，而信号检测技术是它的关键技术之一。介绍了干涉型光纤传感器的信号检测方法。首先简单分析了干涉型光纤传感器相位衰落现象产生的物理机制，然后分别介绍了各种抗相位衰落信号检测方法的基本工作原理和特点，着重讨论了其中几种主要的方法，详细分析了它们的优缺点、应用场合以及技术难点。最后对各种检测方法的主要性能进行了比较，并对它们的发展前景做了展望。     

Tuning of a parametric model for the laser cutting of steels

In this work the mathematical models developed to describe the gas jet laser cutting process are examined.

Some experimental results for the laser cutting of carbon and stainless steels are also shown. These results are then used to ‘tune’ the theoretical models in order to obtain a method for making predictions about the parameters of interest in the laser cutting of steels.     

Method of increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of interferometric gas-analyzers

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 300–303, August, 1991.     

Atom interferometric detection of the pairing order parameter in a Fermi gas

We propose two interferometric schemes to experimentally detect in real space the onset of pair condensation in a two-spin-component Fermi gas. Two atomic wave packets are coherently extracted from the gas at different positions and are mixed by a matter-wave beam splitter: we show that the spatial long-range order of the atomic pairs in the gas reflects in the atom counting statistics in the beam splitter output channels. The same long-range order is also shown to create a matter-wave grating in the overlapping region of the two extracted wave packets, grating that can be revealed by a light-scattering experiment.     

Pseudo working-point control measurement scheme for acoustic sensitivity of interferometric fiber-optic hydrophones

A novel pseudo working-point control measurement scheme for the acoustic sensitivity of interferometric fiber-optic hydrophones is described and demonstrated.The measurement principle is introduced in detail.An experimental system,which interrogates an interferometric fiber-optic hydrophone with this method,is designed.The acoustic pressure phase sensitivity of the fiber-optic hydrophone is measured over the frequency range of 20-2500Hz.The measured acoustic sensitivity is about-156.5dB re 1rad/μPa with a fluctuation lower than ±1.2dB,which is in good agreement with the results obtained by the method of phase generated carrier.The experimental results testify the validity of this new method which has the advantages of no electric elements in the sensing head,the simplicity of signal processing,and wide working bandwidth.     

Random vortex-street model for a self-similar plane turbulent jet

We ask what determines the (small) angle of turbulent jets. To answer this question we first construct a deterministic vortex-street model representing the large-scale structure in a self-similar plane turbulent jet. Without adjustable parameters the model reproduces the mean velocity profiles and the transverse positions of the large-scale structures, including their mean sweeping velocities, in a quantitative agreement with experiments. Nevertheless, the exact self-similar arrangement of the vortices (or any other deterministic model) necessarily leads to a collapse of the jet angle. The observed (small) angle results from a competition between vortex sweeping tending to strongly collapse the jet and randomness in the vortex structure, with the latter resulting in a weak spreading of the jet.     

Continuum model for dislocation dynamics in a slip plane

In this paper, we present a continuum model for dislocation dynamics in a slip plane, which accurately incorporates both the long-range interaction and the local line tension effect of dislocations. Unlike the continuum models in the literature using dislocation densities, we use the disregistry across the slip plane to represent the continuous distribution of dislocations in the slip plane, which has the advantage of including the orientation dependence of dislocations in a very simple way. The continuum dislocation dynamics model is validated by linear instability analysis of a uniform dislocation array to small perturbations and comparisons of the results with those of the discrete dislocation dynamics model. Numerical examples for the evolution of distributions of dislocations and plastic slips in a slip plane are presented.     

"Negative" backaction noise in interferometric detection of a microlever

Interferometric detection of mirror displacements is intrinsically limited by laser shot noise. In practice, however, it is often limited by thermal noise. Here we report on an experiment performed at the liquid helium temperature to overcome the thermal noise limitation and investigate the effect of classical laser noise on a microlever that forms a Fabry-Perot cavity with an optical fiber. The spectral noise densities show a region of "negative" contribution of the backaction noise close to the resonance frequency. We interpret this noise reduction as a coherent coupling of the microlever to the laser intensity noise. This optomechanical effect could be used to improve the detection sensitivity as discussed in proposals going beyond the standard quantum limit.     

A heterodyne interferometric polarimeter for the detection of jones and stokes polarization vectors

A heterodyne interferometric polarimeter for detection of the Jones components and Stokes parameters is demonstrated. The measurement of both sets of quantities for various polarization states is achieved with excellent precision. The details of the corresponding Lissajous picture (ellipse) can be visualized in real time. Finally, the polarization data collected at the output of a highly birefringent fiber have been used for submillimetric beat-Length measurements.     

A heterodyne interferometric polarimeter for the detection of jones and stokes polarization vectors

A heterodyne interferometric polarimeter for detection of the Jones components and Stokes parameters is demonstrated. The measurement of both sets of quantities for various polarization states is achieved with excellent precision. The details of the corresponding Lissajous picture (ellipse) can be visualized in real time. Finally, the polarization data collected at the output of a highly birefringent fiber have been used for submillimetric beat-Length measurements.     

Sensitive interferometric detection of ultrasound for minimally invasive clinical imaging applications

Miniaturized optical detectors of ultrasound represent a promising alternative to piezoelectric technology and may enable new minimally invasive clinical applications, particularly in the field of optoacoustic imaging. However, the use of such detectors has so far been limited to controlled lab environments, and has not been demonstrated in the presence of mechanical disturbances, common in clinical imaging scenarios. Additionally, detection sensitivity has been inherently limited by laser noise, which hindered the use of sensing elements such as optical fibers, which exhibit a weak response to ultrasound. In this work, coherence‐restored pulse interferometry (CRPI) is introduced – a new paradigm for interferometric sensing in which shot‐noise limited sensitivity may be achieved alongside robust operation. CRPI is implemented with a fiber‐based resonator, demonstrating over an order of magnitude higher sensitivity than that of conventional 15 MHz intravascular ultrasound probes. The performance of the optical detector is showcased in a miniaturized all‐optical optoacoustic imaging catheter.     

Electronic spectrum in a microscopical model for the Zn-doped CuO2 plane

We consider a microscopical model for the Zn-doped CuO₂ plane with Zn impurities being described as vacancies for the d-states on Cu sites. A reduction of the original p-d model to an effective one-band model results in the t-J model with vacancies for the spin 1/2 d-states at the Zn-sites. By employing the T-matrix formalism for the Green functions in terms of the Hubbard operators the density of electronic states (DOS) is calculated. Symmetry analysis of the perturbation matrix shows that in the system with d-type electronic wave functions additional DOS of d-, p- and s-types appear due to the perturbation of local energy levels and the interaction between nearest neighbors around the vacancy. The local and resonant state formation caused by Zn impurities is analyzed. Received 24 May 2000 and Received in final form 1 August 2000     

Estimate of the cosmic ray background in an interferometric antenna for gravitational wave detection

The effect of the cosmic ray interaction in the masses of an interferometric antenna for gravitational wave (GW) detection is evaluated. In a 3 km antenna this background, mainly due to muons gives a limit, for 1 ms GW pulses, of h∼8.5×10^-23 with a frequency of 2×10^-1 events/year and 8.5×10^-26 with 4.1×10^-6 events/year. For GW having frequency>10 Hz the sensitivity limit is h∼1.7×10^-31. This background seems to allow unshielded operation of the interferometer test masses.     

Optimization of parameters and the ultimate sensitivity of interferometric detectors of gravitational waves

The signal-to-shot-noise ratio is calculated for three types of laser interferometers used in gravitational wave detectors: for two types of Fabry-Perot interferometers (with direct reading of the output signal and with the modulation technique used for outcoupling the signal) and for the Michelson interferometer with Fabry-Perot arms. It is shown that the signal-to-noise ratio can be substantially increased by using “supermirrors” with losses of the order of 10 ^?6. It is very important, in this case, to properly choose the mirror transmittance, because, otherwise, the sensitivity inevitably decreases by orders of magnitude and the requirements of lasers become more stringent. The efforts to increase the signal-to-noise ratio by increasing the power are limited either by an insufficient laser power or by the overheating of interferometer mirrors. Our estimates show that the present-day technical level with laser power of about 1 W provides sufficient sensitivity for detecting gravitational waves.     

An interferometric study of a model of a biomembrane based on liquid crystal

A variation in the thickness of a biomembrane based on liquid crystal is experimentally studied in the presence of external electric field using a low-Q-factor Fabry-Perot interferometer. Variation in the thickness of the membrane is determined with the aid of the interference pattern of the reflected beam with an accuracy of up to 0.1 Å. The nonlinear elasticity of the liquid crystal is determined from the experimental data. Chaotic fluctuations of the membrane are observed at a certain threshold voltage.     

一种可见光成像的目标检测跟踪方法

在末制导成像阶段目标占据视场的大部分面积,形状信息丰富,这时对目标体上某一固定点的稳定跟踪成为最主要的需求。针对图像灰度过于集中目标难于提取的问题,在图像预处理阶段提出了依据概率统计的图像灰度均衡的方法;为解决图像边角点的快速检测问题,提出了图像二维投影和滑动卷积相结合的方法;最终为实现快速稳定的跟踪,提出了依据角点匹配的形心跟踪方法。根据此算法的特点研制了FPGA+DSP的硬件平台,充分利用FPGA的并行流水特性和DSP的逻辑运算特点,能快速检测到目标形心和进行稳定地跟踪,验证了方法的有效性和实用性。此方法应用在某课题上,跟踪效果良好,为试验的圆满成功提供了保障。