New Form of Kerr-Newman Solution and Its Hawking Radiation via Tunneling

Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as semi-classical tunneling process from the event horizon of static Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstroem black holes, indicates that the factually radiant spectrum deviates from the precisely thermal spectrum after taking the self-gravitation interaction into account. In this paper, we extend Parikh-Wilzcek＇s work to research the Hawking radiation via tunneling from new form of rotating Kerr-Newman solution and obtain a corrected radiant spectrum, which is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and is not pure thermal, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory. Meanwhile, we point out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process and in highly unstable evaporating black hole （irreversible process） the information loss is possible.     

New Form of Kerr-Newman Solution and Its Hawking Radiation via Tunneling

Parikh-Wilzcek‘s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as semi-classical tunneling processfrom the event horizon of static Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstr(o)m black holes, indicates that the factually radiant spectrum deviates from the precisely thermal spectrum after taking the self-gravitation interaction into account. In this paper, we extend Parikh-Wilzcek‘s work to research the Hawking radiation via tunneling from new form of rotating Kerr-Newman solution and obtain a corrected radiant spectrum, which is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and is not pure thermal, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory. Meanwhile, we point out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process and in highly unstable evaporating black hole (irreversible process) the information loss is possible.     

Tunnelling Effect and Hawking Radiation from a Vaidya Black Hole

We extend Parikh＇s study to the non-stationary black hole. As an example of the non-stationary black hole, we investigate the tunnelling effect and Hawking radiation from a Vaidya black hole whose Bondi mass is identical to its mass parameter. The Hawking radiation is considered as a tunnelling process across the event horizon and we calculate the tunnelling probability. It is found that the is the function of Bondi mass re（υ）. result is different from Parikh＇s study because dr H/dυ     

Tunnelling Effect of Two Horizons from a Gibbons--Maeda Black Hole

We study the thermal characters of the inner horizon of a Gibbons-Maeda black hole. In order to satisfy the Nernst theorem of the third law, the entropy of the black hole with two horizons must depend not only on the area of the outer horizon but also on the area of the inner horizon. Then the temperature of the inner horizon is calculated. Lastly, the tunnelling effect including the inner horizon of a Gibbons-Maeda black hole is investigated. We also calculate the tunnelling rate of the outer horizon Г＋ and the inner horizon Г_. The total tunnelling rate Г should be the product of the rates of the outer and inner horizon, Г =Г＋ · Г_. It is found that the total tunnelling rate is in agreement with the Parikh＇s standard result, Г→ exp（ ASBH ）, and there is no information loss.     

Hawking Radiation of Charged Particles via Tunneling from a Cylindrically Symmetric Black Hole in Anti-de Sitter Space-Time

Applying Parikh-Wilzcek＇s semi-classical quantum tunneling model, we study the Hawking radiation of charged particles as tunneling from the event horizon of a cylindrically symmetric black hole in anti-de Sitter space-time. The derived result shows that the tunneling rate of charged particles is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and that the radiation spectrum is not strictly pure thermal after taking the black hole background dynamical and self-gravitation interaction into account, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory.     

Charged Particle Tunnels from the Slowly Varying Reissner-Nordstroem Black Hole

Extending Parikh and Wilczek＇s work to the non-stationary black hole, we discuss the Hawking radiation of the slowly varying Reissner-NordstrSm black hole by considering the unfixed background spacetime and the selfgravitation interaction. The result shows that the tunnelling rate is related to both the variation of BekensteinHawking entropy and the radiation spectrum deviating from the purely thermal one. This is in agreement with Parikh and Wilczek＇s result. Then a new method to study Hawking radiation of the non-stationary black holes is presented.     

Unthermal Hawking Radiation from a General Stationary Black Hole

Using Damour-Ruflini＇s method, Hawking radiation from a general stationary black hole is investigated again deeply. Considering the back reaction of the particle to the space-time and energy conservation, we find that the radiation is not exactly thermal and can take out information from the black hole. This can be used to explain the information loss paradox, and the result is consistent with the works finished before.     

Tunnelling effect of the non-stationary Kerr black hole

Extending Parikh and Wilczek＇s work to the non-stationary black hole, we study the Hawking radiation of the non-stationary Kerr black hole by the Hamilto-Jacobi method. The result shows that the radiation spectrum is not purely thermal and the tunnelling probability is related to the change of Bekenstein Hawking entropy, which gives a correction to the Hawking thermal radiation of the black hole.     

Nernst Theorem and Statistical Entropy of 5-Dimensional Rotating Black Hole

In this paper, by using quantum statistical method, we obtain the partition function of Bose field and Fermi field on the background of the 5-dimensional rotating black hole. Then via the improved brick-wall method and membrane model, we calculate the entropy of Bose field and Fermi field of the black hole. And it is obtained that the entropy of the black hole is not only related to the area of the outer horizon but also is the function of inner horizon‘s area. In our results, there are not the left out term and the divergent logarithmic term in the original brick-wall method.The doubt that why the entropy of the scalar or Dirac field outside the event horizon is the entropy of the black hole in the original brick-wall method does not exist. The influence of spinning degeneracy of particles on entropy of the black hole is also given. It is shown that the entropy determined by the areas of the inner and outer horizons will approach zero,when the radiation temperature of the black hole approaches absolute zero. It satisfies Nernst theorem. The entropy can be taken as the Planck absolute entropy. We provide a way to study higher dimensional black hole.     

Fermion Tunnelling of a New Form Finslerian Black Hole

We improve the fermion tunnelling theory proposed by Kerner and Mann, and research into the fermion tunnelling radiation from a Finslerian black hole. The Finsler black hole put forward by Rutz is a solution of Einstein＇s vacuum field equations in Finsler theory. We study the radiation from the black hole with a semi-classical method, and the result proves that the tunnelling rate depends on the tangent vector.     

Quantum tunnelling radiation of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black hole

By taking the energy conservation and angular momentum conservation into account, the characteristics of the quantum-tunnelling radiation of Einstein--Maxwell--Dilaton--Axion black hole are studied and the result shows that the tunnelling rate of such a black hole is relevant to Bekenstein--Hawking entropy and that the obtained radiation spectrum is not pure thermal.     

The quantum tunnelling radiation of Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole with a global monopole

Applying Parikh's quantum tunnelling method, this paper has studied the quantum tunnelling radiation of Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole with a global monopole. The result shows that the tunnelling rates at the event horizon and the cosmological horizon are related to Bekenstein--Hawking entropy and the derived radiation spectrum is not precisely thermal when considering energy conservation and self-gravitation interaction.     

The Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the axisymmetric Sen black hole

Extending Parikh's semi-classical quantum tunnelling model, this paper has studied the Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the horizon of the axisymmetric Sen black hole. Different from the uncharged massless particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunnelling from the horizon is not light-like. The derived result supports Parikh's opinion and provides a correct modification to Hawking strictly thermal spectrum developed by the fixed background space-time and not considering the energy conservation and the self-gravitation interaction.     

Fermions Tunnelling with Quantum Gravity Correction

Based on the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), we investigate the correction of quantum gravity to Hawking radiation of black hole by utilizing the tunnelling method. The result tells us that the quantum gravity correction retards the evaporation of black hole. Using the corrected covariant Dirac equation in curved spacetime, we study the tunnelling process of fermions in Schwarzschild spacetime and obtain the corrected Hawking temperature. It turns out that the correction depends not only on the mass of black hole but also on the mass of emitted fermions. In our calculation, the quantum gravity correction slows down the increase of Hawking temperature during the radiation explicitly. This correction leads to the remnants of black hole and avoids the evaporation singularity.     

Reissner-Nordstr?m de Sitte 黑洞的引力似正模

利用P?shl-Teller势近似方法,本文研究了径向和角向引力扰动引起的Reissner-Nordstr?m de Sitte 黑洞的似正模。研究表明,当宇宙常数增加时似正模虚部的强度变小,但它却随电荷、谐波数或轨道角动量增加而增加。当电荷固定而宇宙常数改变时,似正模的虚部与实部几乎成线性关系。研究还发现径向和角向引力扰动引起的似正模是一致的,这证实似正模只依赖于黑洞的参量而与初始扰动无关。     

Nernst Theorem and Statistical Entropy of 5-Dimensional Rotating Black Hole

In this paper, by using quantum statistical method, we obtain the partition function of Bose field and Fermi field on the background of the 5-dimensional rotating black hole. Then via the improved brick-wall method and membrane model, we calculate the entropy of Bose field and Fermi field of the black hole. And it is obtained that the entropy of the black hole is not only related to the area of the outer horizon but also is the function of inner horizon‘s area. In our results, there are not the left out term and the divergent logarithmic term in the original brick-wall method.The doubt that why the entropy of the scalar or Dirac field outside the event horizon is the entropy of the black hole in the original brick-wall method does not exist. The influence of spinning degeneracy of particles on entropy of the black hole is also given. It is shown that the entropy determined by the areas of the inner and outer horizons will approach zero,when the radiation temperature of the black hole approaches absolute zero. It satisfies Nernst theorem. The entropy can be taken as the Planck absolute entropy. We provide a way to study higher dimensional black hole.     

Non-thermal Hawking radiation from the Kerr black hole

We present a short and direct derivation of Hawking radiation by using the Damour-Ruffini method, as taking into account the self-gravitational interaction from the Kerr black hole. It is found that the radiation is not exactly thermal, and because the derivation obeys conservation laws, the non-thermal Hawking radiation can carry information from the black hole. So it can be used to explain the black hole information paradox, and the process satisfies unitary.     

The Casimir effect of Reissner-NordstrSm black hole

The stress tensor of a massless scalar field satisfying a mixed boundary condition in a （1 ＋ 1）-dimensional Reissner- Nordstrom black hole background is calculated by using Wald＇s axiom. We find that Dirichlet stress tensor and Neumann stress tensor can be deduced by changing the coefficients of the stress tensor calculated under a mixed boundary condition. The stress tensors satisfying Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are discussed. In addition, we also find that the stress tensor in conformal flat spacetime background differs from that in flat spacetime only by a constant.     

Non-thermal Hawking radiation from the Kerr black hole

We present a short and direct derivation of Hawking radiation by using the Damour-Ruffini method, as taking into account the self-gravitational interaction from the Kerr black hole. It is found that the radiation is not exactly thermal, and because the derivation obeys conservation laws, the non-thermal Hawking radiation can carry information from the black hole. So it can be used to explain the black hole information paradox, and the process satisfies unitary.