Cancellation of quantum correction for supersymmetric solitons in 1 + 1 dimensions

We show that the Bogomolny bound is saturated by supersymmetric solitons in 1 + 1 dimensions to all orders of the $\text{h}\text{?}$ expansion.     

Self-consistent solutions for fermions in constant SU(2) gauge potentials

We derive self-consistent solutions for $\text{isospin}\text{-}\text{1}\text{2}$ Dirac particles coupled to constant SU(2) vector potentials. Such solutions can be identified as classical approximations to non-topological fermionic solitons. We discuss the stability of these states under quantum fluctuations.     

Dirac spinor solitons or bags

Explicit solutions of a non-linear Dirac equation in the four-dimensional Minkowski space have been found. They are continuous eigenfunctions of spin $\text{1}\text{2}$, energy and parity, and are confined to the interior of a sphere of definite radius a, with no tails outside the sphere. They are called solitons in the paper though the name of spinor droplets or bags may be more appropriate. Because of the Lorentz covariance of the Dirac equations, arbitrarily moving solitons can be obtained from the rest system solutions by applying proper Lorentz transformations.     

Possible origin of S =12 ESR lines in alkali-TCNQ Salts

Solitons in spin Peierls systems are studied with emphasis on the contribution of solitions to the ESR spectra. It is pointed out that the ESR line ($\text{S =}\text{1}\text{2}$) observed in simple alkali-TCNQ salts can be due to solitons in spin Peierls state.     

Propagation of ion acoustic solitons in plasma density gradients

Experimental observations of propagation of ion acoustic solitons in a plasma with density gradients are presented. Soliton amplitude and velocity change as $\text{N}\text{x}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ and $\text{N}\text{x}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>-1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ respectively where Nx is the local density.     

The scattering of quantized solitons in the non-linear Schrödinger theory

The scattering of quantized solitons in non-linear Schrödinger theory is treated using the collective coordinate method of Gervais, Jevicki and Sakita. The phase shift for soliton-soliton scattering is calculated up to the one-loop level. We find that the quantum correction vanishes. This result coincides in the first two terms of an expansion in $\text{h}\text{?}$ with the exact amplitude calculated from a quantum mechanical N-body problem.     

On the existence of non-one-dimensional soliton-like solutions for some field theories

Some general conditions of the existence of non-dimensional spherically symmetric solitons are discussed. As a particular case, the condition of the existence of instanton-like solutions is obtained which coincides in an amasing way with the well-known formula $\text{p =}\text{2D}\text{(D?2)}$ the condition for theory to be renormalizable. (D is the space time dimension, p is the degree of nonlinearity.)     

Static properties of nucleons in the Skyrme model

We compute static properties of baryons in an SU(2) × SU(2) chiral theory (the Skyrme model) whose solitons can be interpreted as the baryons of QCD. Our results are generally within about 30% of experimental values. We also derive some relations that hold generally in soliton models of baryons, and therefore, serve as tests of the $\text{1}\text{N}$ expansion.     

Temperature dependence of the static dielectric constant of Rb2ZnBr4: Solitons in a modulated structure?

The static dielectric constant of Rb₂ZnBr₄ was measured as a function of temperature for a number of different single crystals. In a part of the samples a Curie-Weiss behaviour was observed at the lock-in transition from the incommensurate to the commensurate phase. Besides, in a few samples, a deviation of this behaviour was observed which can be ascribed to the appearance of solitons yielding a soliton density n_s proportional to $\text{(T?T}{}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$. At temperatures below T_c two new peaks are observed in the direction of the $\text{a}\text{-}\text{axis}$.     

Non-ohmic conductivity of TaS3 in the low-temperature semiconducting regime

Electrical conductivity of the quasi one-dimensional conductor TaS₃ was measured in the low-temperature semiconducting regime. Below 100K, the conductivity along c-axis (l-d axis) in the low field limit is characterized by the activated process with the activation energy of 250K, and the current-field (I-E) characteristic is nonlinear, $\text{dI}\text{dE}$ increasing with the field strength. These results can be explained by the excitation of phase solitons associated with pinned CDW condensates.     

Double inelastic interactions in pd collisions in the 1.6–4.3 GeV/c incident p momentum range

We present results on $\text{p}\text{d}$ multiplicity distributions at 3.9 and $\text{4.3}\text{GeV}\text{/c}\text{p}$ incident momenta obtained from a bubble chamber experiment. An excess is observed for the even-prong multiplicities as compared with $\text{p}$ collisions on free protons. This excess as well as that observed in other existing $\text{p}\text{d}$ data in the 1.6–2.9 GeV/c range was analysed in terms of double interaction processes inside the deuteron.     

Carrier drifttime from pulsed photoconductivity in as-grown trans-polyacetylene

Nanosecond pulsed photoconductivity experiments in as-grown trans-polyacetylene at room temperature are reported. From the decay of the photoresponse the free drift time of photogenerated carriers is found to be τ_fd<10^?9sec. From the amount of collected charge the upper limit of τ_fd is reduced to picoseconds so that the relaxation of electrons and holes into $\text{mobile}$ solitons and anti-solitons is questionable.     

Quark dynamics and pion-nucleon coupling

In the framework of nonperturbative QCD phenomenology we discuss: (1) The elementary process for the creation of color-singlet q$\text{q}$-pairs inside a hadron. (2) The interaction of the q$\text{q}$-pair with the surrounding quark-gluon medium. An important consequence of these discussions is that meson emission takes place preferentially, if the primary q$\text{q}$-pair is created in the surface region of the hadron. For the case of pseudoscalar coupling we employ PCAC to obtain the coupling of the q$\text{q}$-pair to the pion. The resulting form and coupling strength of the πNN vertex is consistent with the phenomenological OPEP.     

Split light composite supermultiplets

The splitting induced by soft supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking inside the light composite supermultiplets of confining SUSY gauge theories is studied by effective lagrangian methods. Examples with and without unbroken chiral symmetries are considered. In the former case, for a suitable breaking, the lightest states are $\text{spin}\text{-}\text{1}\text{2}$ fermions. A prototype model for one leptonic family is discussed.     

On the nature of threshold electric field in quasi-one-dimensional commensurate charge-density-waves

The theory of nonlinear conductivity of commensurate charge-density-waves based on the soliton-tunneling mechanism is proposed. The well known empirical expression $\textcolor{red}{}\text{(}\text{E}\text{)=}\textcolor{red}{}{}_{\mathrm{N}}\text{+;(1?}\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{T}}\text{E}\text{)}\textcolor{red}{}{}_0\text{·}\text{exp}\text{(-}\text{E}{}_0\text{/(}\text{E}\text{?}\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{T}}\text{))θ(}\text{E}\text{?}\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{T}}\text{)}$ is obtained within the frames of self-consistent investigation taking into account the coherant Coulomb interaction of charged solitons. The threshold field $\text{E}$_T is the deconfinement field of bound soliton-antisoliton pairs. The universality relation $\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{T}}\text{ε(0)=}\text{const}$ ($\text{E}$(0) -static dielectric susceptibility) is also obtained. The phenomenological treatment of localized free charges explains the dependence $\text{E}$_T～²_i (;_i-impurity concentration).     

Towards a quantitative description of hadronic weak decays: Evolution equations for heavy flavour mesons

We develop a formalism for describing hadronic weak annihilation decays in analogy to the treatment of deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering: we write down evolution equations for colour singlet and octet $\text{(}\text{Q}\text{q}\text{)}$ systems inside mesons of increasing mass. Using D decays as input we can predict weak annihilation decay rates of heavier mesons in a semiquantitative fashion despite our ignorance on bound-state dynamics.     

Origin of the N1 (1150) enhancement and the d1(2200) effect

Using pion exchange and Δ(1236) excitation inside the deuteron, the N¹(1150) enhancement with isospin $\text{I =}\text{1}\text{2}$, seen in evidence in dp coherent interactions, is explained. Good agreement is obtained, without any arbitrary normalization, between the Frascati-Caen-Saclay data and the predictions of this model. Its leading features and applications to other experiments are given.