Higher-Derivative Gravitational Coupling Between Laser Beams

The gravitational field due to laser pulse traveling along a straight waveguide with a velocity v < c is considered in the framework of higher-derivative theory of gravitation. The deflection of a probe laser pulse propagating in the vicinity of a high-power laser pulse is discussed. It is shown from a numerical comparison that the deflection of the probe laser pulse predicted by higher-derivative theory of gravitation is much less than the prediction of general relativity if the wavelength of the laser pulse is smaller than the range of the additional force.     

Energy-Level Shifts of a One-Electron Atom in Higher-Derivative Gravitational Field Caused by High-Power Laser Pulse

The gravitational field produced by a high-power laser pulse traveling with a velocity < c is found in the framework of higher-derivative theory of gravitation. The gravitational perturbations of the energy levels of a freely falling one-electron atom in the higher-derivative gravitational field are studied. The energy-level shifts of highly excited hydrogen atom are considered, and the influence of the additional forces included in the linearized higher-derivative gravitation on the energe level shifts of the atom is investigated.     

Measuring gravitational effect of superintense laser by spin-squeezed Bose—Einstein condensates interferometer

We consider an extremely intense laser, enclosed by an atom interferometer. The gravitational potential generated from the high-intensity laser is solved from the Einstein field equation under the Newtonian limit. We compute the strength of the gravitational force and study the feasibility of measuring the force by the atom interferometer. The intense laser field from the laser pulse can induce a phase change in the interferometer with Bose-Einstein condensates. We push up the sensitivity limit of the interferometer with Bose-Einstein condensates by spin-squeezing effect and determine the sensitivity gap for measuring the gravitational effect from intense laser by atom interferometer.     

A simple method for timing an XFEL source to high-power lasers

We propose a technique for timing an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) to a high-power conventional laser with femtosecond accuracy, yielding the relative jitter between pump and X-ray probe, and allowing sorting of experimental results over a certain time window. The same electron bunch is used to produce both an XFEL pulse and an ultrashort optical pulse by means of an optical radiator downstream of the X-ray undulator. Being produced by the same electron bunch, these pulses are perfectly synchronized. Cross-correlation techniques will allow to determine relative jitter between the optical pulse (and, thus, the XFEL pulse) and a pulse from an external pump-laser. Technical realization of the proposed timing scheme uses an optical-replica synthesizer setup to be installed after the final bunch-compression stage of the XFEL for electron bunch diagnostics purposes. A number of critical issues are quantitatively analyzed.     

60 fs长脉宽双色场作用下孤立阿秒脉冲的产生

通过数值求解一维含时Schrödinger方程,研究了具有较长脉宽双色激光脉冲与氢原子相互作用产生的高次谐波和阿秒(as)脉冲.这里的双色激光脉冲由一束基频钛宝石主脉冲与另一束红外附加脉冲构成.研究发现,当合成脉冲的脉宽选为12 fs时, 选取合适的附加脉冲波长,合成电场的振幅在始末端时间段能被大幅抑制, 仅中间部分的电场对谐波谱平台区和截止位置起主要贡献. 通过分析合成脉冲电场始末端时间段抑制的机理,进一步扩展了合成脉冲脉宽到60 as, 并得到160 as的孤立短脉冲.这是迄今为止在孤立阿秒脉冲产生研究中所采用的最长脉宽. 该方案中的合成脉冲等效于单一5 fs短脉冲的作用, 却克服了5 fs脉冲低输出能量导致的阿秒脉冲能量低的困难.     

Influence of Hot-Carriers on the On-State Resistance in Si and GaAs Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches Working at Long Pulse Width

We demonstrate that the transport of hot carriers may result in the phenomenon where an oscillated output current appears at the waveforms in a high-power photoconductive semiconductor switch(PCSS) working at long pulse width when the laser disappears or the electric field changes. The variational laser and electric field will affect the scattering rates of hot carriers and crystal lattice in high-power PCSS, and the drift velocity of hot carriers and also the on-state resistance will be changed. The present result is important for reducing the on-state resistance and improving the output characteristics of high-power Si/Ga As PCSS.     

Effect of laser radiation on the morphology and emissivity of nanodimensional carbon films

The effect of high-power pulsed laser radiation on the morphology and field emission of electrons from nanocrystalline graphite films is studied. The films are prepared by dc-discharge-activated CVD from a hydrogen-methane mixture. The material of the films partly evaporates under the action of the laser pulse. Threshold laser power densities at which the emissivity and geometry of the cathode surface change are determined. A direct correlation between the morphology and emission characteristics is shown to be absent.     

强激光远场光束质量参数的测试

 提出漫射红外成像-多点标校测量方法,用于测量强激光远场光束质量参数。在激光远场距离处设置漫反射靶板,用成像探测器摄取经靶面漫射的脉冲强激光光斑图像;在靶面中心处挖小孔,孔后放置能量探测器实时测量激光脉宽和峰值功率。同时对整个激光光斑图像进行能量定标,进而得出远场脉冲强激光的实际空间能量/功率分布、总能量,以及相应的光束质量参数。应用该测量方法,对高能TEA CO₂激光进行测量研究,测得其远场光束截面半径为80.2 mm,发散角为1.55 mrad。     

连续/脉冲复合体制高功率固体激光技术研究

常规高功率激光器以连续或者长脉冲方式工作,与物质作用主要是依靠单一“加热”模式,针对其对复杂目标作用能力有限的问题, 提出一种连续和脉冲激光同时输出,脉宽、重频可调的新体制高功率激光技术,激光放大链路以特殊时域模式工作,即高重频脉冲与连续运转同时输出,在重频10 kHz时,实现输出功率4800 W,其中连续激光功率3600 W,脉冲激光功率1200 W,脉冲宽度为3.6 ns;在重频100 kHz时,实现输出功率4920 W,其中连续激光功率3100 W,脉冲激光功率1820 W,脉冲宽度为7 ns,光束质量4.8倍衍射极限 。     

Distributions of ions in a cluster plasma created by a laser pulse

Energy and charge distributions of ions are calculated for a cluster beam irradiated by a high-power ultrashort laser pulse. It is shown that the self-consistent field of a cluster ionized by the laser beam strongly affects the characteristics of the ion distributions obtained after the cluster explodes. The mean concentration of atoms bound into clusters in a beam, the cluster size distribution, and the focal-spot diameter are found to have a weak effect on both energy and charge distributions of the ions, whereas the energy spectrum of the produced ions is determined by the mean cluster size.     

大功率激光脉冲二极管触发高增益光导开关实验研究

研究了一种新型大功率激光脉冲二极管的输出特性,该激光二极管主要用于触发工作在高增益模式下的砷化镓光导开关。研制了基于射频金属-氧化物半导体场效应管的激光二极管驱动电路,可以为激光二极管提供上升沿、半高宽和峰值电流分别为4 ns,20 ns和130 A的脉冲驱动电流。研究了激光二极管输出的激光脉冲波形、能量、功率、光场分布等特性,并在Blumlein传输线结构中,研究了该大功率激光脉冲二极管的输出特性对工作于高增益模式下的光导开关的导通电阻、开关抖动等主要导通性能参数的影响规律。实验结果表明,激光脉冲的能量和功率越大,光斑面积越大、分布越均匀,在相同偏置电压条件下,光导开关的导通性能越好。     

Microdroplet evolution induced by a laser pulse

Interaction between high-power ultrashort laser pulse and giant clusters (microdroplets) consisting of 10⁹ to 10¹⁰ atoms is considered. The microdroplet size is comparable to the laser wavelength. A model of the evolution of a microdroplet plasma induced by a high-power laser pulse is developed, and the processes taking place after interaction with the pulse are analyzed. It is shown theoretically that the plasma is superheated: its temperature is approximately equal to the ionization potential of an ion having a typical charge. The microdroplet plasma parameters are independent of the pulse shape and duration. The theoretical conclusions are supported by experimental studies of x-ray spectra conducted at JAERI, where a 100-terawatt Ti-sapphire laser system was used to irradiate krypton and xenon microdroplets by laser pulses with pulse widths of 30 to 500 fs and intensities of 6×10¹⁶ to 2×10¹⁹W/cm².     

Effect of the spectral distribution of a chirped pulse on the interaction of the high-power laser radiation with matter

The interaction of high-power picosecond laser radiation with solid targets is experimentally studied for the first time at various spectral distributions of a chirped laser pulse. The interaction of the high-power laser radiation with the target is studied at four regimes of the experimental setup: (i) at a relatively high contrast (10³) in the picosecond (Δt ～ 25 ps) range, (ii) at a relatively low contrast (3 × 10¹) in the picosecond (Δt ～ 25 ps) range, (iii) with spectral distortions of the chirped pulse, and (iv) with a strongly modulated spectrum of the chirped pulse. The results obtained reveal a strong dependence of the atomic and nuclear processes in the laser picosecond plasma on the spectral distribution of the chirped laser pulse. The prospects for the application of the spectral interferometry of chirped pulses for the online control of the parameters of the high-power laser radiation are demonstrated.     

高强度激光加热薄层物料的数值模拟

本文对一侧表面存在对流换热的薄层物料受高强度脉冲激光加热的双曲型热传导问题利用有限差分方法进行了数值求解。考虑激光的容积吸收,将高强度脉冲激光处理为沿光程指数衰减的内热源。本文对考虑容积吸收及对流换热的影响后双曲型热传导方程的计算结果进行了分析。     

Phase transitions in <Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>-Si:H films on a glass irradiated by high-power femtosecond pulses: Manifestation of nonlinear and nonthermal effects

The crystallization of amorphous silicon films 90-nm thick irradiated by laser pulses (a wavelength of 800 nm and a pulse duration of 120 fs) is investigated using Raman scattering spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The absorption coefficient for 800-nm low-power probe radiation by an a-Si:H film is small but can increase owing to nonlinear effects for high-power pulses. According to the estimates, the energy absorbed in the film is insufficient for its heating and complete melting but is sufficient for the generation of free charge carriers with a density of about 10²² cm^?3. The electron and phonon temperatures in this case are strongly different and silicon becomes unstable. Thus, the action of such a short laser pulse cannot be reduced only to the heating effects and subsequent phase transitions through the liquid or solid phase.     

高功率激光器的光谱合束技术研究北大核心CSCD

为了获得高功率激光束,提出利用双色镜对典型波长2种不同类型(脉冲、连续)的高能激光进行合束,以实现高功率高能量激光输出。通过对双色镜的热效应和合束光斑远场激光参数进行仿真分析计算,热效应仿真结果表明,在单束激光10 kW、光斑直径15 mm条件下,双色镜面型热形变量均方根值为0.004λ(λ=632.8 nm),满足光学元件面型小于0.03λ精度要求。搭建了一套基于双色镜的光谱合束系统,并分别进行了高功率连续激光与高功率连续激光、高功率连续激光与高能量脉冲激光的合束试验,合束效率高于95%。试验结果表明,光谱合束可有效应用于高能激光领域。     

Microwave-Controlled Light-Pulse Propagation in a Driven Λ-Type Atomic System with Two-Folded Levels

The temporal and spatial dynamics of one weak probe laser pulse, propagating through a Λ-type atomic medium with two-folded levels under the resonant excitation of one microwave driving field and one strong control field, is investigated in this paper. By numerically solving coupled Bloch-Maxwell equations, it isfound that, in the absence of the microwave driving field, the atomic medium is transparent to the probe pulse at line center, which propagates over sufficiently long distances. By contrast, when the microwave driving field is applied, the probe pulse at line center can be rapidly absorbed on propagation. This substantial reduction of probe transmittance caused by the microwave driving field may lead to potential applications in designing a new kind of optical switching.     

强激光短脉冲的引力效应

研究了强激光短脉冲产生的引力场中氢原子能级的移动.指出在目前高功率激光脉冲条件下，高激发态氢原子的能级移动大小将达到可观察值. 关键词：     

On the focusing limit of high-power femtosecond laser pulse propagation in air

Focused propagation of high-power femtosecond laser radiation in air is considered. Based on numerical solution of the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation for complex envelope of light wave electric field, evolution of the beam effective radius is studied. The dependence of the effective (rms) size of a focal spot and the maximally achievable intensity of laser radiation at focal waist on the initial pulse power is established. It is shown that focal spot of tightly focused intensive ultrashort laser radiation can change its size during the pulse passage through the beam waist. This is the consequence of pulse intensity clamping in region of beam focusing caused by gas photoionization and plasma producing. This may prevent laser intensity from its further growth in the focal region and arrest the transversal compression of the beam in the linear focus as a whole.     

Self-transformation of a powerful femtosecond laser pulse into a white-light laser pulse in bulk optical media (or supercontinuum generation)

We present experimental and theoretical results on white-light generation in the filamentation of a high-power femtosecond laser pulse in water and atmospheric air. We have shown that the high spatio-temporal localization of the light field in the filament, which enables the supercontinuum generation, is sustained due to the dynamic transformation of the light field on the whole transverse scale of the beam, including its edges. We found that the sources of the supercontinuum blue wing are in the rings, surrounding the filament, as well as at the back of the pulse, where shock-wave formation enhanced by self-steepening takes place. We report on the first observation and demonstration of the interference of the supercontinuum spectral components arising in the course of multiple filamentation in a terawatt laser pulse. We demonstrate that the conversion efficiency of an initially narrow laser pulse spectrum into the supercontinuum depends on the length of the filament with high intensity gradients and can be increased by introducing an initial chirp. PACS 42.65.Jx; 42.65.Re; 42.25.Bs; 42.50.Hz