新型质子酸掺杂聚苯胺的合成及其电化学电容行为

用化学氧化聚合法制得了草酸掺杂聚苯胺(H2C2O4-PANI)和柠檬酸掺杂聚苯胺(C6H8O7-PANI),并与盐酸掺杂聚苯胺(HCl-PANI)做了对比研究.用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对掺杂聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行了表征.用循环伏安,恒流充放电和交流阻抗测试对材料在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的电化学电容行为进行了研究.结果表明:3种酸掺杂的聚苯胺具有不同的空间结构,电化学性能也有差异.与盐酸和柠檬酸掺杂的聚苯胺相比,草酸掺杂制备的聚苯胺表现出更优良的电化学电容行为,单电极比电容可达670 F/g.     

Spectroelectrochemical Reactivities of Novel Polyaniline Nanotube Pesticide Biosensors

Summary: The preparation and characterisation of electrosynthetic polyaniline nanomaterials doped with phenanthrene sulphonic acid (PSA) is being presented. The polymeric nanomaterials prepared include processable poly(o-methoxy aniline) (POMA) and poly(2,5-dimethoxy aniline) (PDMA). Spectroelectrochemical reactivities of the electroactive polymeric nanotube systems as well as the nanobiosensor systems were studied by SEM, FTIR, UV-Vis and Subtractively Normalised Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (SNIFTIRS) techniques. Furthermore, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric studies of the nanomaterials were also performed using platinum or thiol-modulated gold electrodes. The SEM studies confirmed the nanorod morphology of the polyanilines. The heterogeneous rate constant, k_o, for the nanopolymeric material and the diffusion coefficient of electrons, D_e, was calculated and found to be in agreement with values expected for electron hopping along conducting polymer chains. Organophosphate pesticide nanobiosensor devices were prepared by encapsulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nanopolymeric composite. The biosensor amperometric response to the organophosphate pesticide called diazinon and the carbamate pesticide called carbofuran were studied. The sensor responses to pesticides followed typical electrochemical Michaelis-Menten kinetics.     

反胶束体系中合成聚苯胺-无机物复合纳米微粒

利用阴离子型表面活性剂2-乙基己基琥珀酸钠(AOT)形成的反胶束作为微反应器合成了聚苯胺-氯化银和聚苯胺-硫酸钡复合纳米粒子;考察了搅拌因素和不同合成步骤对聚苯胺-硫酸钡尺寸及形态的影响;并利用TEM, IR, UV-vis, XRD和四探针电导率仪对产物进行了表征.研究结果表明,反胶束法可以有效地应用于有机-无机复合纳米材料的制备.     

Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanobelts

Summary: Polyaniline nanobelts have been synthesized by a self‐assembly process using the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in a surfactant gel. The morphologies of polyaniline nanostructures were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of the concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the morphologies of polyaniline nanostructures have also been investigated.

A scanning electron microscopy image of polyaniline nanobelts synthesized with 0.12 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at −7 °C.     

铂修饰超细纤维聚苯胺在葡萄糖生物传感方面的应用

在不锈钢电极(SS)表面制得超细纤维状聚苯胺(superfine-fibrous PANI),经Pt微粒修饰后得到Pt微粒超细纤维聚苯胺复合电极[Pt／(superfine-fibrous PANI)／SS]。结果表明,直径50-100nm的Pt微粒均匀分布于直径约100nm的聚苯胺纤维上;Pt／(superfine-fibrous PANI)／SS电极对H2O2氧化具有很好的电催化活性。采用脉冲电流法(PGM)再将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)与间苯二胺(MPD)混合共聚嵌于Pt／(superilnefibrous PANI)／SS电极表面,获得了具有优异生物电化学传感特性的葡萄糖氧化酶电极。该酶电极最大响应电流密度im=917．4μA／cm^2,米氏常数K=9．339mmol／L;酶电极对葡萄糖响应快,对尿酸和抗坏血酸有很好的抗干扰性能。     

固相反应法制备樟脑磺酸掺杂聚苯胺

固相合成;固相反应法制备樟脑磺酸掺杂聚苯胺     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline/Mesoporous SBA‐15 Nanocomposite

Mesoporous silica SBA‐15 with conducting polyaniline inside the pore channels was synthesized and nanocomposite formation was confirmed by means of X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and via an N₂ adsorption isotherm. The nanocomposite was subsequently used as a dispersed phase in electrorheological (ER) fluids, and the ER effect has been demonstrated for the first time using a rotational rheometer with high voltage generator.     

Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of Hybrid Vanadium Oxide/Polyaniline Nanowires

A single‐step sonochemical procedure to synthesize hybrid vanadium oxide/polyaniline nanowires starting from crystalline V₂O₅ and aniline in aqueous medium is presented. The synthesis explores the effect of high power ultrasounds on heterogeneous solid–aqueous phases, which leads to 30 nm width wires of 5 to 10 µm in length. Monomer intercalation and oxidative polymerization within the inorganic matrix proceed simultaneously with morphological changes. The electronic conductivity of hybrid nanowires reaches 0.8 S · cm⁻¹ at room temperature.

     

Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Polyaniline Doped with Polymeric Acids

Conducting polyaniline doped with polymeric acids was synthesized by a in situ chemical polymerization method. The synthesized polymers were characterized by using UV‐Visible, FT‐IR spectroscopy and SEM analysis. Thermal stability of these polymers was evaluated by using TGA/DSC analysis. Among the three polymeric acids used for doping purpose, poly(vinyl sulphonic acid) doped polyaniline is found to be more conducting than those doped with other acids. From the temperature dependent conductivity measurements, an increase in conductivity with increase in temperature was observed.     

Versatile Synthesis of Polyaniline/Pd Nanoparticles and Catalytic Application

Polyaniline/Pd nanoparticles were synthesized through two approaches. “Direct reduction approach” was revealed to be a simple method to prepare small (2–7 nm) and dispersed polyaniline/Pd nanoparticles via reduction with sodium borohydride. On the other hand, “template approach” was developed to provide a versatile route to small and well-dispersed nanoparticles (1–4 nm, average diameter = 2.4 nm) with high Pd density due to pre-organization of Pd(II) species on polyaniline into the corresponding d,π-conjugated complex. Thus-obtained nanoparticles worked as an efficient redox catalyst for oxidative coupling reaction of 2,6-di-t-butylphenol.     

Controlled Synthesis of Dendritic Polyaniline Fibers with Diameters from Nanosize to Submicrometersize

Dendritic polyaniline nanofibers and submicrometer-sized fibers have been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline （An） doped with salicylic acid （SA）. The diameters of the fibers could be controlled easily from 30 to 400 nm by varying the concentration of aniline and salicylic acid at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and typical transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were applied to investigate their morphologies. . Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum indicated that the state of the dendritic polyaniline fibers is emerialdine rather than solely the leucoemeraldine or permigraniline forms. The dendritic polyaniline fibers have potential applications as chemical sensors or actuators and neuron devices.     

Anionic Polysaccharides as Templates for the Synthesis of Conducting Polyaniline and as Structural Matrix for Conducting Biocomposites

A green chemoenzymatic pathway for the synthesis of conducting polyaniline (PANI) composites is presented. Laccase‐catalyzed polymerization in combination with anionic polysaccharides is used to produce polysaccharide/PANI composites, which can be processed into flexible films or coated onto cellulose surfaces. Different polysaccharide templates are assessed, including κ‐carrageenan, native spruce O‐acetyl galactoglucomannan (GGM), and TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose and GGM. The resulted conducting biocomposites derived from natural materials provide a broad range of potential applications, such as in biosensors, electronic devices, and tissue engineering.

     

聚苯胺的化学合成及其电化学表征

本文用化学聚合法合成了在Ｎ－甲基吡咯烷酮（ＮＭＰ）中可溶的聚苯胺（ＰＡＮＩ）。通过溶液法定量（浓度与体积）制膜，对ＰＡＮＩ膜修饰电极的循环伏安（ＣＶ）性质进行了研究，证实了ＰＡＮＩ膜在１０．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ的介质中，－０．１５￣０．６５Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）的电位范围内氧化还原单元为八隅体单元。比较了恒电流聚合与化学聚合所得的聚苯胺的ＣＶ性质，发现两者有很好的一致性。     

Recent Advances in Electropolymerized Conducting Polymers in Amperometric Biosensors

Conducting electroactive polymers (CPs) are materials discovered just over 20 years ago which have aroused considerable interest on account of their electronic conducting properties and unique chemical and biochemical properties. Consequently, they have numerous (bio)analytical and technological applications. CPs are easily synthesized and deposited onto the conductive surface of a given substrate from monomer solutions by electrochemical polymerization with precise electrochemical control of their formation rate and thickness. Coating electrodes with CPs under mild conditions opens up enormous possibilities for the immobilization of biomolecules and bioaffinity or biorecognizing reagents, the improvement of their electrocatalytic properties, rapid electron transfer and direct communication to produce a range of analytical signals and new analytical applications. Co-immobilization of other molecules (enzymatic co-factors or charge-transfer mediators) by entrapment within electropolymerized films or by covalent binding on these films permits straightforward fabrication of reagentless biosensors. The characteristics of CPs and their uses, mainly in amperometric biosensors, are reviewed. The most recent applications and lines of research related to CP films are summarized in the different sections of the paper, and probable future trends are discussed.     

聚苯胺的合成及其摩擦学行为的研究

选择合适的ＳＤＢＳ／ 苯胺／ 水三组分Ｏ／Ｗ 微乳液与苯胺单体共存的两相体系,以单体相为单体源,在Ｏ／Ｗ 三组分微乳液中进行了苯胺聚合,成功地制备出了能够稳定分散于石腊油的聚苯胺微粒。并在四球试验机上研究合成条件、负荷、浓度对其摩擦学行为的影响。结果表明：聚苯胺有一定的减摩抗磨效果     

Simulations of Redox Mediation within Bioactive Hydrogels of Amperometric Biosensors

Highly hydrated bioactive hydrogels containing immobilized oxidoreductase enzymes and immobilized redox mediators were simulated as the biorecognition layer of amperometric biosensors. The linear dynamic range of the amperometric response of mediated biosensors increases and moves to higher concentration brackets with an increase in the concentration of mediator. This informs the design of biosensors that target the same analyte but possesses several independently addressable electrodes modified with hydrogels that contain different concentrations of mediator. Increases in enzyme concentration increase the linear dynamic range but does not alter the sensitivity of amperometric biosensors. Both sensitivity and linear dynamic range of mediated amperometric enzyme biosensors may be “tuned” by varying the concentrations of the enzyme and the mediator. Simulations effectively guide the initial domains of study of complex systems such as implantable biosensors.     

聚苯胺纳米颗粒的制备及其电化学性能

以乙醇和水为混合溶剂,采用氧化法制备了纳米尺度的聚苯胺颗粒。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、循环伏安、恒流充放电及交流阻抗等测试手段对其结构和电化学性能进行了测试。研究了混合溶剂的比例对产物电化学性能的影响。结果表明：聚苯胺颗粒大小为50～100 nm;以制备的聚苯胺纳米颗粒为活性物质,在1 mol/L的H2SO4电解液中,当...     

Facile Synthesis of Self‐Assembled Polyaniline Nanodisks

Polyaniline nanodisks have been synthesized successfully by the chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline by a self‐assembly process without the use of any acid. The thickness and lateral dimensions of the polyaniline nanodisks are in the range of 20–30 nm and 1–2 µm, respectively. The influence of synthetic parameters, such as the concentration of ammonium peroxydisulfate and pH, on the morphologies of polyaniline nanostructures have been investigated.