新型含磷腈环氧树脂的合成及其阻燃性能

六氯环三磷腈与对羟基苯甲醛经亲核取代反应制得六对醛基苯氧基环三磷腈(HAPCP);HAPCP经高锰酸钾氧化得六对羧基苯氧基环三磷腈(HCPCP);以苄基三乙基氯化铵为催化剂,HCPCP与环氧氯丙烷经开环闭环反应合成了一种新型的含磷环氧树脂(PN-EP),其结构和热稳定性经1H NMR,IR和TGA表征。结果表明,PN-EP的初始分解温度为278℃,在700℃时残炭量为40.5 wt%,具有很好的热稳定性和成炭性能。采用二氨基二苯甲烷对PN-EP进行固化,并通过极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧(UL-94)对其阻燃性能进行测试。结果表明:PN-EP固化物通过UL-94 V-0级测试,氧指数33%。     

一种新星型大分子——六对甲酰胺乙酸甲酯苯氧基环三磷腈的合成及其热性能、水解性能的表征

本文以六氯环三磷腈（HCCP）为原料合成了一种以甘氨酸甲酯苯氧基为侧基的新星型环三磷腈化合物六对甲酰胺乙酸甲酯苯氧基环三磷腈（HGPCP）及其中间体,并采用^1H NMR,^13CNMR,^31PNMR,FFIR和元素分析技术对其结构进行了确认．通过TGA、DSC、FrIR技术和测定水解液的紫外光谱,水解残余物剩余质量,残余物的磷含量方法分别对化合物的热性能和水解性能进行了表征．通过比较HGPCP在酸碱环境下的水解结果,发现水解504h,样品的水解过程尚处于化合物侧链断裂阶段,其37℃在酸性缓冲溶液（pH1．0）下较中性缓冲溶液（pH1．0）更易水解．由于其可能在高温下生成交联结构,六对醛基苯氧基环三磷腈（HCPCP）,六对羧基苯氧基环三磷腈（HCPCP）和HGPCP在800℃时碳残余量分别为75％、47％和47％,都表现出良好的热稳定性．     

新型环三磷腈大分子的合成与性能研究

以六对羧基苯氧基环三磷腈为原料,通过羧基活化与缩合反应合成了一种新型的环三磷腈生物大分子(1),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和MS表征。用UV,分子荧光光谱仪和共聚焦激光显微镜研究了1的水解性能和荧光性能。结果表明,1既具有生物可降解性,又具有荧光特性。     

新型环磷腈类化合物的合成

六氯环三磷腈(1)分别与间苯二胺(2)和二苯氨基脲(3)经亲核取代反应合成了两个新型的环磷腈类化合物——六间苯二胺环三磷腈(4)和六二苯氨基脲环三磷腈(5),其结构经1H NMR,31P NMR和IR表征。合成4的最佳反应条件为:1 7.2 mmol,n(2)∶n(1)=6.17,于70℃反应12 h,产率72.68%。合成5的最佳反应条件为:1 2.8 mmol,n(3)∶n(1)=6.10,于70℃反应12 h,产率46.57%。     

环三磷腈类阻燃剂的合成及应用研究进展

简要介绍了制备环三磷腈类阻燃剂所需起始原料六氯环三磷腈的合成方法、合成及取代反应机理;介绍了环三磷腈阻燃剂的阻燃机理;着重阐述了近20年间反应型的羟基/氨基环三磷腈、环氧基环三磷腈、含不饱和双键的环三磷腈、羧基环三磷腈阻燃剂,以及添加型烷氧基环三磷腈、芳氧基环三磷腈的合成及阻燃应用,同时综述了其应用材料的热稳定性能和阻燃性能,并对其发展趋势作了总结和展望。     

含烯丙基六苯氧基环三磷腈的合成及其在阻燃丙烯酸酯树脂中的应用

以六氯环三磷腈（HCCP）、苯酚和2-烯丙基苯酚为原料,合成了新型含烯丙基的环磷腈阻燃单体（2-烯丙基苯氧基）五苯氧基环三磷腈（APPCP),用红外光谱、核磁氢谱、质谱和元素分析表征其组成和结构。 将APPCP与丙烯酸酯单体共聚制备了阻燃丙烯酸酯树脂,测试了共聚丙烯酸酯树脂的热稳定性和阻燃性,当APPCP用量为20%时,共聚丙烯酸酯树脂燃烧等级（UL-94）可达V-0级,极限氧指数（LOI）高达31.2%,在空气中600 ℃时残留质量提高至23.2%。     

六苯氧基环三磷腈的合成及其在层压板中的阻燃应用

以六氯环三磷腈（HCCTP）粗产物、苯酚、NaOH为反应原料,四丁基氯化铵（TBAC）为相转移催化剂,氯苯和水为溶剂,合成了六苯氧基环三磷腈（HPCTP）,考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应溶剂、物料配比对收率的影响。结果表明,在最佳原料配比n(NaOH): n(苯酚): n(TBAC): n(HCCTP粗产物)=7.5: 6.3: 0.15: 1,30 ℃反应4 h,回流反应6 h,HPCTP的收率达到75％。采用红外光谱、核磁氢谱、碳谱、磷谱、X射线衍射分析、示差扫描量热分析、热重分析测试技术对产物进行了表征分析,并首次用于苯并噁嗪树脂玻璃布层压板,当HPCTP的质量分数为10％时,燃烧等级达到V-0级,平行击穿电压为47 kV,热态弯曲强度为596 MPa。     

正交法研究六氯环三磷腈的合成

利用正交法研究了六氯环三磷腈的合成反应;针对较典型的四个因素,分别取四水平L16(45)正交表进行正交试验,确定了合成目标产物的主要影响因素和优化反应条件.结果表明,先将2/3的固体五氯化磷与2%无水氯化锌和30%吡啶(以五氯化磷物质的量计)混合,再缓慢滴加入剩余的五氯化磷氯苯溶液,最高产率可达84%以上;方差分析结果...     

六苯氧基环三磷腈的热解及其对环氧树脂的阻燃机理

采用极限氧指数仪和锥形量热仪测试了以六苯氧基环三磷腈(HPCP)阻燃环氧树脂的燃烧性能,结果显示,与纯环氧树脂相比,阻燃环氧树脂的极限氧指数值(LOI)明显提高、热释放速率峰值(pk-HRR)和总热释放量(THR)明显下降、环氧树脂的点燃时间提前以及分解速度加快.采用热失重(TGA)、热重红外联用(TGA-FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热裂解气相色谱质谱联用(Py-GC/MS)研究了HPCP及其阻燃环氧树脂的热解路线和阻燃机理.结果表明,在阻燃环氧树脂过程中,一方面,HPCP分子中的苯氧基团首先解离并发生歧化反应,由此产生的苯氧基及其歧化产物的焠灭效应在环氧树脂中发挥气相阻燃作用,剩余的磷腈环和苯环基团会进一步裂解产生小分子碎片;另一方面,环氧树脂基体在HPCP的作用下提前分解,产生了基于双酚A结构的大分子碎片并在HPCP裂解产物作用下加速炭化,从而使更多的基体组分以残炭的形式被固定在凝聚相中,提高了阻燃环氧树脂的残炭产率,发挥了凝聚相阻燃作用.     

新型环膦腈化合物的合成及性能研究

以六氯环三膦腈(HCCP)为原料合成了六(4-苯基苯氧基)三聚膦腈(HPPCP)和六(4-苯基偶氮苯氧基)三聚膦腈(HPDPCP),运用1HNMR、31P NMR、IR等测试技术对其结构进行了表征。TGA结果表明,两种物质具有良好的热稳定性,HPPCP的最大热分解温度高达455℃,HPDPCP残留率高达62·83%(800℃)。同时紫外光谱研究结果表明,极性溶剂使HPDPCP的紫外吸收波长红移。HPPCP和HPDPCP在阻燃材料方面、HPDPCP在线性或非线性光学以及分子信息存储器件等方面有着潜在的应用前景。     

Synthesis,thermal property and hydrolytic degradation of a novel star-shaped hexa[p-(carbonylglycinomethylester)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene

A novel star-shaped cyclotriphosphazene substituted by glycinomethylesterphenoxy and its intermediates are synthesized from hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). The structures are characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, 31P NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis. Their thermal properties are clarified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimentry (DSC) and FTIR, while hydrolytic degradation behaviour is studied with UV-vis spectrophotometer and by measuring the weight loss, and the phosphorus content of residue. According to hydrolysis behaviour of hexa[p-(carbonylglycinomethylester)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene (HGPCP) under different conditions, it is easy to hydrolyze in hydrochloric acid (pH 1.0) than in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C. And the sample hydrolytic degradation still remains at the stage of side groups’ break. The TGA data show that the thermal stability of the hexa[p-(aldehyde)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene (HAPCP), hexa[p-(carboxyl) phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene (HCPCP) and HGPCP is so high that their char residues are 75%, 47% and 47% at 800°C, respectively, probably due to cross-linking between molecules.     

Synthesis and characterization of benzyl and benzoyl substituted oxime-phosphazenes

Two oxime-cyclophosphazenes were prepared from hexakis(4-formylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (2) and hexakis(4-acetylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (7). The reactions of these oximes with benzyl chloride, benzenesulfanoyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride and 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride were studied. Hexa and pentasubstituted compounds were obtained from the reaction of hexakis(4-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (3) with benzyl chloride (4) and benzoyl chloride, respectively. However, the oxime groups on 3 rearranged to nitrile (5) in the reaction of 3 with benzenesulfanoyl chloride and 1-napthalenesulfanoyl chloride. Hexasubstituted compounds were also obtained from the reactions of hexakis(4-[(1)-N-hydroxyethaneimidoyl]phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (8) with benzoyl chloride (10), 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride (11) and 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride (12). A trisubstituted compound was obtained from the reaction of 8 with benzyl chloride (9). All the products were generally obtained in high yields. Pure and defined products could not be obtained from the reaction of 3 with 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride and 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride. The structures of the compounds were defined by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy.     

Fire- and heat-resistant matrix resins based on ethynyl-substituted aromatic cyclotriphosphazenes

A novel class of fire- and heat-resistant matrix resins has been synthesized by thermal polymerization of ethynyl-substituted aromatic cyclotriphosphazenes. Thermal polymerization of new tris[4-(4′-ethynylbenzanilido)phenoxy]tris(phenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene ( III ) and tris[4-(4′-ethynylphthalimido)phenoxy]tris(phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene ( VII ) at 250°C for 1–1.5 h gave tough polymers. The thermal stabilities of the polymers were evaluated in nitrogen and in air by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesised polymers were stable to 400–410°C and showed char yield of 78–65% at 800°C in nitrogen and of 78–69% at 700°C in air. The ethynyl-substituted polymer precursor ( III ) was synthesised by the reaction of tris(4-aminophenoxy)tris(phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene ( I ) with 4-ethynylbenzoyl chloride. The polymer precursor ( VII ) was synthesised by a solution condensation of I with 4-ethynylphthalic anhydride followed by in situ thermal cyclodehydration at 150°C. The structure of polymer precursors was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The curing of polymer precursors was monitored by differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and IR spectroscopy. The synthesised matrix resins are potential candidates for the development of heat- and fire-resistant fiber-reinforced composites. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

新型取代芳脲磺酰基苯氧丙酸酯的合成及除草活性

以α-对氯磺酰基苯氧基丙酸酯为原料,经氨化、甲酰化和胺解反应,合成了10个新型的取代芳脲磺酰基苯氧丙酸酯(4a~4 j),其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析确证。生测结果表明,4a~4 j均有一定的除草活性。     

Polybismaleimide containing tetrakisphenoxycyclotriphosphazenes

A heat-resistant polybismaleimide was obtained by the thermal polymerization of bis(maleimidophenoxy)- tetrakis(phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene. The thermal stabilities of the polybismaleimide were evaluated in nitrogen and in air by thermogravimetric analysis. The polybismaleimide was stable to 340°C and has char yield of 70% at 800°C in nitrogen and of 60% at 700°C in air. The monomer bismaleimide was obtained by the reaction of bis(4-aminophenoxy)tetrakis(phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene with maleic anhydride. The diamine was synthesized by a stepwise reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with phenol and 4-nitrophenol to give bis(4-nitrophenoxy)tetrakis(phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene and reducing the nitro groups. The structure of the cyclotriphosphazenes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.     

Fluorescent organic nanoparticles self-assembled from hexa[p-(carbonyl glycin methyl ester) phenoxy] cyclotriphosphazene in solution

Novel organic nanoparticles self-assembled from the hexa[p-(carbonyl glycin methyl ester) phenoxy] cyclotriphosphazene (HGPCP) were prepared by a simple solution method. The as-prepared nanoparticles were extensively characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, and fluorescence spectrum. The size of nanoparticles was increased with increasing the HGPCP concentration in solution. The effect of reaction conditions on the particle size and stability was further investigated. Based upon the experimental results, a growth mechanism was proposed for the formation of the nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles were highly thermal stable and exhibited strong fluorescent emission, which could be potential candidates for drug-loading carriers and tracer drug delivery.     

New polypyromellitimide films based on cyclotriphosphazene and bisaspartimide derived diamines

Three new thermally stable polypyromellitimide films were made by the thermal cyclodehydration of the corresponding polyamic acids obtained by the polymerization of pyromellitic dianhydride with 4,4′-bis{N²-[4-(4-aminobenzyl)phenyl]aspartimido} diphenylmethane, 4,4′-bis{N²-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]aspartimido} diphenylether, and bis(4-aminophenoxy)tetrakis (4-phthalamic acid phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene. The bis(4-aminophenoxy)tetrakis (4-phthalamic acid phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene was obtained from hexakis(4-aminophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene involving its reaction with phthalic anhydride. The structure of these materials and precursors were characterized by using Fourier-transform-infrared (FT–IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermal stabilities of the films were evaluated by the thermogravimetric analysis, showing char yields at 800°C ranging from 68% to 58% in a nitrogen atmosphere and 24% in air atmosphere.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Spectroscopic Properties of Hexa(4-Bromo-2-Formyl-Phenoxy)Cyclotriphosphazene and Hexa(4-Chloro-2-Formyl-Phenoxy)Cyclotriphosphazene and Fully Substituted Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives Bearing a Schiff Base at Room Temperature

Abstract

Hexa(4-bromo-2-formyl-phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (2) and hexa(4-chloro-2- formyl-phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (3) were obtained from the reactions of hexachloro- cyclotriphosphazene (1) with 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde in the presence of (C₂H₅)₃N and K₂CO₃ at room temperature, respectively. The new two organocyclotriphosphazenes bearing formyl groups were reacted with 4-cyano aniline, 2-phenyl aniline, 4-aceto aniline, 5-chloro-2-hydroxy aniline, 2-hydroxy aniline, 4-hydroxy aniline, 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl amine, 4-carboxy aniline, 4-carbomoyl aniline, 2-mercapto aniline, and 5-amino isoquonoline to prepare cyclotriphosphazene derivatives containing a Schiff base at room temperature. However, fully phenoxy-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes containing a Schiff base were isolated from the reactions of the compound 2 and 3 with 5-chloro-2-hydroxy aniline, 2-hydroxy aniline, 4-hydroxy aniline, and 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl amine. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P) spectroscopy. According to the results of the analysis, all synthesized compounds were found to be fully substituted organocyclotriphosphazenes, such as hexa[4-bromo-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-pheyliminomethyl)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphaze (2a). All cyclotriphosphazene derivatives synthesized gave fluorescence emission peaks in range between 300 nm and 410 nm.     

Mechanistic studies in biodegradation of the new synthesized fluorosurfactant 9-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]nonane-1-sulfonate

As a new potentially mineralizable fluorinated surfactant, 9-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]nonane-1-sulfonate was synthesized and exposed to a standardized Zahn-Wellens test (OECD 302B). After the release of fluoride indicating the mineralization of the trifluoromethyl group, 9-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]nonane-1-sulfonate was subjected to a further biodegradation test carried out in a fixed bed bioreactor (FBBR). Evolution of biodegradation routes and pursuit was done by quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer (QqLIT-MS) and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer (QqTOF-MS). Biotransformation was initiated via hydroxylation in the alkyl chain at different positions. Hydroxy-9-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]nonane-1-sulfonate was further oxidized with subsequent scission of the molecule forming mainly p-(trifluoromethyl)phenolate, which was mineralized releasing inorganic fluoride. These results demonstrate, that the new synthesized fluorosurfactant 9-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]nonane-1-sulfonate is completely biotransformed. However, some intermediates, depending on the position of hydroxylation, impede further mineralization.