高校化学实验室易制毒化学品管理工作探索

高校化学实验室是集教学、科研以及培养专业人才为一体的实验场所,实行开放式管理,具有使用频率高、人员集中且流动性大等特点。易制毒化学品是化学实验室常用的药品,其安全管理具有一定的挑战性。针对当前高校易制毒化学品管理工作中存在的若干普遍性问题,本文从内部健全科学、有效、简洁的易制毒化学品管理制度,设立易制毒化学品库房,实行专人专管,采取随领随取的发放模式,同时为每位教师建立易制毒化学品资金账簿并有专人定期巡视检查等多项举措,对易制毒化学品使用的全过程进行有效监管。既方便、满足了教学与科研合理使用的需求,同时又防范杜绝了违规使用的出现。     

融创新理念于军事后勤化学教学

将创新理念融入化学教学是学科特点,也是时代的要求,更是军队院校改革的要求。在军事后勤专业化学教学中,一是利用PBL教学法培养创新意识,二是融入团队的科研成果和学术前沿,三是利用第二课堂提升学员创新能力,培育具有创新思维和组织能力的后勤专业人才。     

科研实验室管理体系实施项目化管理的探索——以中国科学院南京土壤研究所所级公共技术服务中心为例

针对科研实验室管理面临的效率偏低的现状和问题,以中国科学院南京土壤研究所公共技术服务中心为主体,在现有的认可准则管理框架下,探讨了项目管理的方法在科研实验室管理中的应用.通过项目化分解管理体系任务而提高管理效率,从而为高效开展科研实验室管理提供了新思路.     

军事后勤专业大学化学教学研究

大学化学"是军事后勤专业的基础课,为武警后勤保障中化学问题解决提供基础。从教学内容、教学模式、教学评价等方面进行了研究,以期学员能运用化学理论分析和解决军事装备、军事工程和后勤保障中的化学难题。     

标准物质的管理

标准物质的管理是对标准物质的研制、定级和应用等方面工作的管理.标准物质的管理工作由国家质量技术监督局负责.其工作机构授理《制造计量器具许可证》考核、定级鉴定的申请、办理发证手续,并进行其他有关组织管理工作.标准物质的管理办法于1987年7月10日由国家计量局发布.本办法是根据《中华人民共和国计量法实施细则》第六十一条、第六十三条的规定而制定的,全文共二十三条.管理办法首先规定了所适用的标准物质是指用于统一量值的标准物质,包括化学成分分析标准物质、物理特性与物理化学特性测量标准物质和工程技术特性测量标准物质.     

仪器信息网第八届科学仪器网络原创作品大奖赛

<正>为促进分析人员的技术交流,提高行业的仪器应用水平,"第八届科学仪器网络原创作品大奖赛"将于2015年7月1日正式拉开帷幕.本届大赛征文类型将涉及行业综述、分析方法开发与应用、新技术发展、仪器维护维修、仪器操作使用经验、实验室管理方法与建设、仪器选型、采购交流、个人从业经历分享等多个方面.通过网络分享、在线讨论的形式广泛传播,增进行业人员互相结识与技术学习,营建集思广益、互帮互助的良好氛围.     

石油加工分子管理平台构建

在最大化利用石油资源及石油炼制向生产精细化工品侧重的趋势下,从分子层次实现对石油加工过程中的原料组成、相行为及转化过程的模拟化,已成为石油化工领域学术界和工业界的关注热点,并由此形成了石油加工"分子管理"这一研究方向.本文阐述了分子管理技术的内涵及其研究范畴,介绍了分子管理技术主要的内容及应用方向.重点介绍了本课题组开发的分子管理软件平台的基础框架、模块构成及所实现的功能,包括分子的数学化表达、性质计算、组成模型生成、反应网络构建及反应动力学模型生成等功能,覆盖了分子管理研究的完整链条.     

实验室智能化管理的探讨

结合智能化一卡通网络管理系统在山东省计量科学研究院实验室管理中的应用情况,研讨实验室智能化管理的相关问题,重点介绍系统结构、系统特点、系统功能和系统应用。     

随机光学重构超高分辨显微镜的使用研究与共享管理

随机光学重构超高分辨成像技术(STORM)采用基于光控荧光分子的单分子定位算法,横向和轴向分辨率分别达到～20 nm和～50 nm.本文结合使用和管理经验,对超高分辨STORM显微镜的原理、软硬件组成和技术参数、样品制备方法、超高分辨图像采集的常用操作流程、环境要求、日常维护、共享平台管理、STORM显微镜的应用等方面...     

质子交换膜燃料电池模型研究进展

综述了质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC)数学模型的研究进展 ,分析PEMFC中膜、催化层、扩散层和流场区域的传递现象和水、热管理的重要性 ,讨论了模型的维数、复杂性和求解方法 .提出了带有时间维数的PEMFC模型研究的实际应用意义     

Biocompatible microspheres based on acetylated polysaccharide prepared from water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double-emulsion method for delivery of type II diabetic drug (exenatide)

Polysaccharide microspheres (PAMs) from acetylated pullulan were designed for the long-term delivery of peptide/protein drugs, as an alternative to a PLGA depot system. Three kinds of samples were obtained according to their different degrees of acetylation (0.8(PA1), 1.5(PA2), 2.3(PA3) acetyl groups in one glucose unit in pullulan), and then utilized to prepare a microsphere via a water-in-oil-in-water (W₁/O/W₂) emulsion method. The mean particle size of PAMs was shown to be in a range between 35 and 110 μm, as determined by a particle size analyzer. In order to evaluate their potential as a depot for protein/peptide delivery, exenatide, a drug used for the treatment of type II diabetes, was employed. The encapsulation efficiency of exenatide in PAMs was 69.1%, 80.4%, and 90.3% in PAM 1, PAM 2, and PAM 3, respectively. Although the release of exenatide from the PLGA microspheres evidenced a fast and high-burst behavior, PAMs evidenced a sustained release profile for 21 days. After 16 days, the released peptide was found to have a molecular weight almost identical to that of native exenatide, indicating that the stability of the peptide in the PAMs was maintained. The tissue reaction evidenced by the PAM was characterized by minimal foreign body reaction and minimal configurations of immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, but that of the PLGA microspheres was characterized by relatively elevated inflammation. On the basis of these results, we have concluded that the PAM may provide new insights into the development of new protein/peptide depots in long-term delivery.     

Education and training of laboratory staff as a part of laboratory competence

Competence of laboratory staff is an important part of the technical competence of each laboratory. Because the speed at which knowledge goes out of date is increasing, maintaining laboratory staff competence at an appropriate level can be a very demanding requirement, especially for laboratories operating in a free market with little or no financial help from the state or from the larger organisation they possibly belong to. In order to manage staff competence effectively and efficiently, a laboratory must first define its services and the processes needed for realisation of these services. Responsibility for each step in these processes can then be assigned and gap analysis of current competence can be performed. This article analyses the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 standard and gives some practical advice and solutions how to organize and manage staff competence.     

Evaluating the logistic mixture model on real and simulated TG curves

The aim of this paper is to evaluate and explain the fitting of dynamic TG curves by a mixture of logistic functions. This model assumes that more than one physical process may be involved in each mass loss step and that each physical process may extend along all the experiment. One of the main sources of difficulties in TG is that, very often, different stages of decomposition substantially overlap each other. Several real and simulated TG curves were analysed in this paper. An optimal fitting of the TG curves was obtained by a mixture of logistics. In many cases the optimal fitting reproduces accurately the TG curve. Accordingly, the TG curve can be understood as a sum of parallel reactions, where each single reaction is represented by one or a small number of logistic components. Additionally, making use of the analytical derivative of the fitting, a mixture of Arrhenius reaction order equations was applied to the same curves. In all the cases, the fitting obtained with the mixture of Arrhenius was worse than the obtained with the mixture of logistics. A software was developed to automatically perform these tasks. The physical meaning of the fitting was explained.     

Photo‐Modulated Therapeutic Protein Release from a Hydrogel Depot Using Visible Light

The use of biomacromolecular therapeutics has revolutionized disease treatment, but frequent injections are required owing to their short half‐life in vivo. Thus there is a need for a drug delivery system that acts as a reservoir and releases the drug remotely “on demand”. Here we demonstrate a simple light‐triggered local drug delivery system through photo‐thermal interactions of polymer‐coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) inside an agarose hydrogel as therapeutic depot. Localized temperature increase induced by the visible light exposure caused reversible softening of the hydrogel matrix to release the pre‐loaded therapeutics. The release profile can be adjusted by AuNPs and agarose concentrations, light intensity and exposure time. Importantly, the biological activity of the released bevacizumab was highly retained. In this study we demonstrate the potential application of this facile AuNPs/hydrogel system for ocular therapeutics delivery through its versatility to release multiple biologics, compatibility to ocular cells and spatiotemporal control using visible light.     

Endogenous levels of beta-carotene in human buccal mucosa cells by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

We have developed a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the measurement of low nanogram levels of beta-carotene in a single sample of human buccal mucosa cells. The method includes a simple sonification step for cell disruption and release of the compounds into the supernatant. The limits of detection were 0.02, 0.02 and 0.07 ng/mg of protein for beta-carotene, retinol and retinol palmitate, respectively. Two patient populations were analysed. Average endogenous levels for beta-carotene normalized to protein were 0.25 ng/mg of protein (range 0.04-1.9 ng/mg, twelve patients). No evidence of endogenous retinol or retinol palmitate could be detected in the human samples. An oral dosing study of four normal individuals showed a wide variation of beta-carotene uptake. This rapid and sensitive method will enable investigators to use the non-invasive technique of buccal mucosa cell harvesting to determine cellular depot levels of beta-carotene in various patient populations.     

Injectable Polypeptide Hydrogel Depot System for Assessment of the Immune Response–Inducing Efficacy of Sustained Antigen Release Alone

Vaccines typically contain an antigen, delivery system (vehicle), and adjuvant, all of which contribute to inducing a potent immune response. Consequently, design of new vaccines is difficult, because the contributions and interactions of these components are difficult to distinguish. Here, it is aimed to develop an easy‐to‐use, non‐immunogenic, injectable depot system for sustained antigen release that will be suitable for assessing the efficacy of prolonged antigen exposure per se for inducing an immune response. This should mimic real‐life infections. Recombinant elastin‐like polypeptides with periodic cysteine residues (cELPs) are selected, which reportedly show little or no immunogenicity, as carriers and tetanus toxoid (Ttd) as an antigen. After subcutaneous injection of the mixture, cELP rapidly forms a disulfide cross‐linked hydrogel in situ, within which Ttd is physically incorporated, affording a biodegradable antigen depot. A series of Ttd‐containing hydrogels is examined. A single injection induces high levels of tetanus antibody with high avidity for at least 20 weeks in mice. The chain length of cELP proves critical, whereas differences in hydrophobicity has little effect, although hydrophilic cELPs are more rapidly biodegraded. This system's ability to distinguish the contribution of sustained antigen release to antibody induction should be helpful for rational design of next‐generation vaccines.     

The biological behavior of fatty acids with triple bonds. IV. The accumulation of crepenynic acid (9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid) in the animal body

Crepenynic acid (9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid) fed to rats as naturally occurring triglyceride is not incorporated into brain and liver lipids, and into the depot fat only to a small amount. As a metabolite the previously unknown 4-decynedioic acid was isolated from the urine.     

LiF-BaF2-LiCl熔盐体系中Li+的电化学行为

运用三电极在电化学工作站AUTOLAB以循环伏安法、计时电流法和计时电位法研究了LiF-BaF₂-LiCl熔盐体系中1203 K温度下锂在钨（W）电极上的电化学还原过程及其控制步骤. 结果表明,Li⁺在W电极上的还原过程是一步得电子的准可逆反应,析出电位在-1.0 V附近. 阴极过程受离子的扩散步骤控制,计算得出扩散系数为4.5 × 10^-6 cm²•s^-1.     

Synthesis of Branched Polymers under Continuous‐Flow Microprocess: An Improvement of the Control of Macromolecular Architectures

Polymerization reactions can benefit from continuous‐flow microprocess in terms of kinetics control, reactants mixing or simply efficiency when high‐throughput screening experiments are carried out. In this work, we perform for the first time the synthesis of branched macromolecular architecture through a controlled/‘living' polymerization technique, in tubular microreactor. Just by tuning process parameters, such as flow rates of the reactants, we manage to generate a library of polymers with various macromolecular characteristics. Compared to conventional batch process, polymerization kinetics shows a faster initiation step and more interestingly an improved branching efficiency. Due to reduced diffusion pathway, a characteristic of microsystems, it is thus possible to reach branched polymers exhibiting a denser architecture, and potentially a higher functionality for later applications.     

Synthesis of core-shell type polystyrene monodisperse particles with chloromethyl groups

The synthesis of core-shell type polystyrene monodisperse particles with surface chloromethyl groups was carried out by a two-step emulsion polymerization process at different reaction temperatures. In a first step, the core was synthesized at 90 °C by means of batch emulsion polymerization of styrene (St), and in the second step, the shell was polymerized by batch emulsion copolymerization of St and chloromethylstyrene (CMS) using the seed obtained previously. With the aim of optimizing the production of these core-shell type polystyrene monodisperse particles with surface chloromethyl groups, the reaction temperature in the second step, the purification or not of the functionalized monomer (CMS), the amount and type of the redox initiator system used, and the type of addition of the initiator system to the reactor were studied.