Bifurcating critical points of bending energy under constraints related to the shape of red blood cells

Considered is a variational problem for the bending energy of closed surfaces under the prescribed area and surrounding volume. Minimizers of this problem are interpreted as surfaces modeling the shape of red blood cells. We give a rigorous proof of the existence of a one-parameter family of critical points bifurcating from the sphere and study their stability/instability. In particular, for a few branches of critical points, we compute the exact values of the index and the nullity of critical points. Received: 8 September 2001 / Accepted: 25 October 2001 / Published online: 29 April 2002 Partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research (Nos.09874026, 11874033) and for Scientific Research (No.12640200), Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture, Japan; and also by Sumitomo Foundation Dedicated to Professor Takaaki Nishida on his sixtieth birthday     

Analyticity of solutions for semilinear elliptic systems of second order

This paper deals with systems , , where the right hand side is a -valued, real analytic function. We prove that a solution of such a system can be continued across a straight line segment , if one prescribe certain nonlinear, mixed boundary conditions on , which are assumed to be real analytic too. This continuation will be constructed by solving certain hyperbolic initial boundary value problems, generalizing an idea of H. Lewy. We apply this result to surfaces of prescribed mean curvature and to minimal surfaces in Riemannian manifolds spanned into a regular Jordan curve : Supposing analyticity of all data, we show that both types of surfaces can be continued across . Received: 29 December 2000 / Accepted: 11 July 2001 / Published online: 29 April 2002     

On the existence of ground states for nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson equation

This paper is concerned with the existence of ground states for the Schrödinger-Poisson equation , where V(u) is a Hartree type nonlinearity, stemming from the coupling with the Poisson equation, which includes the so-called doping profile or impurities. By means of variational methods in the energy space we show that ground states exist and belong to the Schwartz space of rapidly decreasing functions whenever total charge not exceed some critical value, it is also shown that for values of the total charge greater than this critical value, energy is not bounded from below. In addition, we show that this critical value is the total charge given by the impurities.     

On the well-posedness of the Schrödinger-Korteweg-de Vries system

We prove that the Cauchy problem for the Schrödinger-Korteweg-de Vries system is locally well-posed for the initial data belonging to the Sobolev spaces L²(R)×H−3/4(R), and Hs(R)×H−3/4(R) (s>−1/16) for the resonant case. The new ingredient is that we use the -type space, introduced by the first author in Guo (2009) [10], to deal with the KdV part of the system and the coupling terms. In order to overcome the difficulty caused by the lack of scaling invariance, we prove uniform estimates for the multiplier. This result improves the previous one by Corcho and Linares (2007) [6].     

Once edge-reinforced random walk on a tree

 We consider a nearest neighbor walk on a regular tree, with transition probabilities proportional to weights or conductances of the edges. Initially all edges have weight 1, and the weight of an edge is increased to $c > 1$ when the edge is traversed for the first time. After such a change the weight of an edge stays at $c$ forever. We show that such a walk is transient for all values of $c \ge 1$, and that the walk moves off to infinity at a linear rate. We also prove an invariance principle for the height of the walk. Received: 6 March 2001 / Revised version: 16 July 2001 / Published online: 15 March 2002     

Seifert unions of solid tori

We obtain a list of all 3-manifolds that can be obtained by gluing 3-balls and solid tori along mutually disjoint surfaces in their boundaries. Received: 22 February 2001; in final form: 18 October 2001 / Published online: 4 April 2002     

The secondary differentials on the third line of the Adams spectral sequence

Let p?5 be an odd prime. In this paper the third line of the Adams spectral sequence (ASS) is divided into the direct sum of three sub-modules, say T, C and N. We proved that the generators of T are in the images of the Thom map, and the generators of C can survive to some low dimensional elements of the Adams-Novikov spectral sequence (ANSS). Thus they have trivial secondary Adams differentials. By computing the Adams differentials induced by d₂(hi+1)=a₀bi and the matrix Massey products, we determined the secondary Adams differentials on the generators of N.     

On global solution to the Klein-Gordon-Hartree equation below energy space

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for Klein-Gordon equation with a cubic convolution nonlinearity in R³. By making use of Bourgain's method in conjunction with a precise Strichartz estimate of S. Klainerman and D. Tataru, we establish the Hs (s<1) global well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the cubic convolution defocusing Klein-Gordon-Hartree equation. Before arriving at the previously discussed conclusion, we obtain global solution for this non-scaling equation with small initial data in Hs₀×Hs₀−1 where but not , for this equation that we consider is a subconformal equation in some sense. In doing so a number of nonlinear prior estimates are already established by using Bony's decomposition, flexibility of Klein-Gordon admissible pairs which are slightly different from that of wave equation and a commutator estimate. We establish this commutator estimate by exploiting cancellation property and utilizing Coifman and Meyer multilinear multiplier theorem. As far as we know, it seems that this is the first result on low regularity for this Klein-Gordon-Hartree equation.     

The asymptotic Plateau problem in Gromov hyperbolic manifolds

We solve the asymptotic Plateau problem in every Gromov hyperbolic Hadamard manifold (X,g) with bounded geometry. That is, we prove existence of complete (possibly singular) k-dimensional area minimizing surfaces in X with prescribed boundary data at infinity, for a large class of admissible limit sets and for all . The result also holds with respect to any riemannian metric on X which is lipschitz equivalent to g. Received: 23 January 2001 / Accepted: 25 October 2001 Published online: 28 February 2002     

Evaluation maps in rational homotopy

In the rational category of nilpotent complexes, let E be an H-space acting on a space X. With mild hypotheses we show that the action on the base point factors through a map Γ_E:S_E→X, where S_E is a finite product of odd-dimensional spheres and Γ_E is a homotopy monomorphism. Among others, the following consequences are obtained: if and only if is essential and if and only if X satisfies a strong splitting condition.     

On cohomotopy-type functors

This article deals with Chogoshvili cohomotopy functors which are defined by extending a cohomology functor given on some special auxiliary subcategories of the category of topological spaces. The question of choosing these subcategories is discussed. In particular, it is shown that in the singular case to define absolute groups it is sufficient that auxiliary subcategories should have as objects only spheresS ⁿ, Moore spacesP ⁿ(t)=S^n–1 U_t eⁿ, and one-point unions of these spaces.     

Trunks and classifying spaces

Trunks are objects loosely analogous to categories. Like a category, a trunk has vertices and edges (analogous to objects and morphisms), but instead of composition (which can be regarded as given by preferred triangles of morphisms) it has preferred squares of edges. A trunk has a natural cubical nerve, analogous to the simplicial nerve of a category. The classifying space of the trunk is the realisation of this nerve. Trunks are important in the theory of racks [8]. A rackX gives rise to a trunkT (X) which has a single vertex and the setX as set of edges. Therack space BX ofX is the realisation of the nerveNT (X) ofT(X). The connection between the nerve of a trunk and the usual (cubical) nerve of a category determines in particular a natural mapBX BAs(X) whereBAs(X) is the classifying space of the associated group ofX. There is an extension to give a classifying space for an augmented rack, which has a natural map to the loop space of the Brown-Higgins classifying space of the associated crossed module [8, Section 2] and [3].The theory can be used to define invariants of knots and links since any invariant of the rack space of the fundamental rack of a knot or link is ipso facto an invariant of the knot or link.     

The coarse shape groups

The (pointed) coarse shape category Sh^* (), having (pointed) topological spaces as objects and having the (pointed) shape category as a subcategory, was recently constructed. Its isomorphisms classify (pointed) topological spaces strictly coarser than the (pointed) shape type classification. In this paper we introduce a new algebraic coarse shape invariant which is an invariant of shape and homotopy, as well. For every pointed space (X,?) and for every k∈N₀, the coarse shape group , having the standard shape group for its subgroup, is defined. Furthermore, a functor is constructed. The coarse shape and shape groups already differ on the class of polyhedra. An explicit formula for computing coarse shape groups of polyhedra is given. The coarse shape groups give us more information than the shape groups. Generally, does not imply (e.g. for solenoids), but from pro-πk(X,?)=0 follows . Moreover, for pointed metric compacta (X,?), the n-shape connectedness is characterized by , for every k?n.     

A note on Samelson products and mod p cohomology of classifying spaces of the exceptional Lie groups

Let G be an exceptional Lie group G₂, F₄, E₆, E₇ or E₈, and also set p is the corresponding prime 7, 13, 13, 19 or 31 respectively. If we localize spaces at p, G can be decomposed into a product of spheres. Using this decomposition, we take some elements in the homotopy groups of p-localized G, and we offer some non-zero 3-fold Samelson products of them. This implies that the nilpotency class of the localized self-homotopy group of G is greater than or equal to 3.The key lemma for these results is about a calculation on the cohomology operator P¹ in the cohomology of BG, where G and p are as above. During this calculation, we use some original ideas, which are also used in Kishimoto and Kaji (in press) [7] recently.     

Hyperbolic spaces at large primes and a conjecture of Moore

A simply connected finite complex X is called elliptic if its rational homotopy Lie algebra is of finite dimension and hyperbolic otherwise. According to a conjecture of Moore, there exists an exponent for the p-torsion part of if and only if X is elliptic. In this note, it is shown that, provided the prime p is sufficiently large, a hyperbolic space with p-torsion free loop space homology has no exponent in the p-torsion of the homotopy groups. For a class of formal spaces, this result is obtained for every odd prime.     

Rationalized evaluation subgroups of a map II: Quillen models and adjoint maps

We identify the long exact sequence induced on rational homotopy groups by the evaluation map , and in particular the rationalization of the evaluation subgroups of f, in terms of derivations of Quillen models and adjoint maps. We consider a generalization of a question of Gottlieb within the context of rational homotopy theory. We also study the rationalization of the G-sequence of a map. In a separate result of independent interest, we give an explicit Quillen minimal model of a product A×X, in the case in which A is a rational co-H-space.     

On a conjecture of ōshima

The set of homotopy classes of self maps of a compact, connected Lie group G is a group by the pointwise multiplication which we denote by H(G), and it is known to be nilpotent. ōshima [H. ōshima, Self homotopy group of the exceptional Lie group G₂, J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 40 (1) (2000) 177-184] conjectured: if G is simple, then H(G) is nilpotent of class ?rankG. We show this is true for PU(p) which is the first high rank example.     

PHANTOM MAPS,COGROUPS AND THE SUSPENSION MAP

ABSTRACT

The set Ph(X, Y) of pointed homotopy classes of phantom maps from X to Y admits a natural group structure if either Y is a grouplike space or X is a cogroup. In the present paper, the group structure on Ph(X,Y) is examined in the second case. (The first case was examined in an earlier paper.) The results in the two cases are similar—for instance, the group structure turns out to be abelian, divisible and independent of the grouplike structure on Y or the cogroup structure on X—but the techniques used to establish the results differ substantially in the two cases.

In addition, a study of the map g*: Ph(X,Y₁) → Ph(X,Y₂) induced by a map g: Y₁ → Y₂ of grouplike spaces is initiated. A particularly interesting special case of this situation is the suspension map Ph(X, Y) → Ph(X, ΩσY) ? Ph(σX, σY) with Y a grouplike space.     

Multiplicity of the second Schrödinger eigenvalue on closed surfaces

We improve – roughly by a factor 2 – the known bound on the multiplicity of the second eigenvalue of Schr?dinger operators (i.e. Laplace plus potential) on closed surfaces. This gives four new topological types of surfaces for which Colin de Verdière's conjecture relating the maximal multiplicity to the chromatic number of the surface is verified. The proof goes by defining a space of "nodal splittings” of the surface, equipped with a double covering to which a Borsuk-Ulam type theorem is applied. Received: 19 June 2001; revised version: 18 March 2002 /Published online: 17 June 2002