Fresnel detour-phase circular computer generated holograms

When a circularly symmetric wavefront has to be encoded onto a computer generated hologram, it is highly desirable to preserve the symmetry. The coding scheme must therefore be circularly symmetric itself. This paper introduces a particular kind of computer generated hologram which extends circular symmetry to the detour phase technique; this is obtained by working in Fresnel diffraction. The wavefront should be sampled using a circular sampling theorem such as the one derived from the Dini-Bessel expansion. The hologram then consists of weighted unit masses distributed on a set of circles, which in practice are replaced by annuli of suitable inner and outer radii. The approximations due to the detour phase method and to the annuli widths are discussed and an experimental example is shown.     

High-efficiency diffraction from thin and volume dynamic holograms in linear absorbers

The possibilities of improving the efficiency of light-field transformation by dynamic holograms using schemes of frequency-nondegenerate multiwave mixing in linearly absorbing liquids have been analyzed. The conditions are determined and the mechanism of the fifth-order nonlinearity related to the nonlinearity of the thermo-optical coefficient and the temperature dependence of the solvent density and specific heat is established.     

Microcomputer-generated holograms

A microcomputer system consisting of a personal computer and a plotter has been used to produce good quality computer-generated holograms of the Lohmann type.     

Atom-optics holograms

The temporal evolution of atomic wave packets interacting with object and reference electromagnetic waves is investigated, and an analytical solution for the off-resonant density matrix is presented. It is shown that, under certain physical conditions, the diffraction of an ultracold atomic beam by an inhomogeneous laser field can be interpreted as if the beam passes through a three-dimensional hologram. We show that high diffraction efficiencies can be realized if one restricts the extent of the atomic hologram in the time domain rather than in space. The hologram, thus, can work in a pulsed regime pumping atoms from the beam or from the initial wave packet into the reconstructed matter wave. The suggested regime is well compatible with the Raman cooling methods and the recent realization of an atom laser, which are capable of repeatedly reproducing coherent, or almost coherent, atomic wave packets necessary for the actual implementation of the reading beam. It is found that the diffraction efficiency of such a hologram may reach 100% and is determined by the duration of laser pulses. On this basis, a new method for the reconstruction of the object image with matter waves is offered. The latter may have useful practical applications, ranging from atom lithography, to the manufacturing of microstructures, and quantum microfabrication.     

Full-view rainbow-reflection holograms

A simple method of recording full-view rainbow-reflection holograms on a single flat plate is described: only one white-light illuminating source is required in the reconstruction process. The hologram can be viewed from opposite sides, where each side of a three-dimensional object, with its original spatial relationship, is displayed in bright colours.     

二次再现全息图

目前 ,光学防伪技术已广泛应用于钞票、信用卡、各种证件和高档商品上。全息术是一种被广泛认知的光学防伪技术 ,编码加密技术是提高它防伪功能的重要手段。二次再现全息图是根据全息图能够进行多次记录和多次再现的特点提出的一种加密全息图。在一定的照明条件下 ,它的再现光经过一个平面反射镜的反射返回到全息图 ,作为它的第二束照明光 ,这时能够再现出被加密的图像。它是由一个像全息图和一个参考光编码全息图组合而成的。一般情况下 ,二次再现全息图存在再现光路恢复困难的问题。利用低频光栅能够较好地解决这一问题 ,使二次再现全息图达到实用性的要求。该技术用于防伪产品可提高它的防伪力度。给出了详细的理论分析、制作方法和实验结果     

Nonlinear computer-generated holograms

We propose a novel technique for arbitrary wavefront shaping in quadratic nonlinear crystals by introducing the concept of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) into the nonlinear optical regime. We demonstrate the method experimentally showing a conversion of a fundamental Gaussian beam pump light into the first three Hermite-Gaussian beams at the second harmonic in a stoichiometric lithium tantalate nonlinear crystal, and we characterize its efficiency dependence on the fundamental power and the crystal temperature. Nonlinear CGHs open new possibilities in the fields of nonlinear beam shaping, mode conversion, and beam steering.     

Bleached reflection holograms

By applying recently developed, low-noise, processing techniques, high quality, bleached, reflection holograms of three-dimensional objects have been produced with a commercial photographic emulsion. When illuminated with a compact, white light source, these holograms give bright, reconstructed images with a signal-to-noise ratio which compares very favourably with that for unbleached, transmission holograms.     

Multiple object-beam holograms

A multiple object-beam holography is proposed, where a two-dimensional rectangular amplitude grating and a phase plate of matrix form placed at the frequency plane of the grating constitute the main parts of a speckle-free periodic illumination system of continuous tone transparencies. Demonstration experiments are made, where the number of diffracted orders of the grating, the ratio of the widths of transparent and opaque zones of the grating, the retardation of each matrix zone of the phase plate and the distance between planes of the image of the grating and a transparency are taken as variables.     

Corn syrup holograms

A study of the diffraction efficiency parameter, of holographic gratings recorded with thin emulsion layers of corn syrup (Karo^®) photosensitized with potassium dichromate salt is presented. This was possible by the interference produced by amplitude division setup using two wavelengths at 473 nm and 530 nm respectively. The maximum diffraction efficiency for corn syrup with potassium dichromate films was on average in the order of 4.0% at first diffraction order. The energy that was applied at blue light was 10 times less than that applied at green light.Evolution in the behavior profile from the diffraction efficiency parameter is presented as a function of relaxation time necessary to obtain major performance of these gratings made with peculiar sweetener.Holograms with this material do not require developing processes, because these samples develop by themselves. After of exposition with light laser, is necessary wait to stabilize the material 96 h, to protect the film against the environmental humidity.     

Deciphering vibration holograms

In vibration holography one measures the temporal Fourier coefficients of the complex amplitude emanating from the vibrating object. However, the user wants to know the temporal Fourier coefficients of the mechanical vibration itself. The mechanical vibrations are proportional to the phase of the complex light amplitude. Hence, the temporal Fourier coefficients of the mechanical vibrations depend in a complicated manner on the temporal Fourier coefficients of the complex amplitude itself. So far, either narrow approximations or complicated Bessel algorithms were used for deducing the mechanical Fourier coefficients from the optical Fourier coefficients. In other words, deciphering the mechanical data from the optical measurements was not easy.We propose a simple and rigorous algorithm for this deciphering project. In addition we outline a holographic experiment that allows one to reconstruct a space- and time-dependent complex amplitude and also its temporal derivative. This experiment is capable of displaying the mechanical velocity distribution as image brightness. Also the spatial distribution of mechanical acceleration can be displayed.     

Computer-generated true-color rainbow holograms

A new method of calculating computer-generated true-color rainbow holograms (CGTCRH) is proposed. This technique allows the true-color object reconstruction. The main idea of the presented work is based on the additive properties of holographic wavefront reconstruction such that the resulting hologram is a superposition of three (or more) holograms, with each of them producing different color reconstruction of the same object. White light and monochromatic light reconstruction results are discussed.     

图案可控动态莫尔全息图

提出了一种条纹移动及形状变化都能预先设定的图案可控动态莫尔全息图的设计方法和制作技术。这种图案可控动态莫尔全息图能够产生旋转、放缩、变换等动态效果。给出了详细的理论分析和实验结果。它是一项非常实用的技术 ,用该技术制作的全息图防伪能力显著提高 ,而且容易目视鉴别     

模压全息图的再现过程

本文就模压全息图的再现过程进行了论述。由于模压全息图的特殊性，本文论述了模压全息图再现时的一些现象，这对于设计２Ｄ／３Ｄ模压全息图有一定的参考意义。     

Improving binary computer holograms

We discuss three algorithms for computer-generating binary holograms. These algorithms yield holograms with differing aperture distributions. Reconstructions from these three hologram types are experimentally compared for image detail and diffraction efficiency. We conclude that the form we term modular-overflow-corrected yields the highest diffraction efficiency and the form we term $\text{3}\text{2}$|order yields the best image detail of the hologram types compared.     

Efficiency-enhanced reflective nanosieve holograms

Photon nanosieves, as amplitude-type metasurfaces, have been demonstrated usually in a transmission mode for optical super-focusing, display, and holography, but the sieves with subwavelength size constrain optical transmission, thus leading to low efficiency. Here, we report reflective photon nanosieves that consist of metallic meta-mirrors sitting on a transparent quartz substrate. Upon illumination, these meta-mirrors offer the reflectance of ～50%, which is higher than the transmission of vis...