基于TEDS技术的智能执行器设计

IEEE 1451.2 标准定义的TEDS技术使智能变送器具有自我描述和自识别能力,是智能变送器实现即插即用的关键;对IEEE 1451.2标准下的智能变送器模型进行了研究,以XC2S50为主控单元设计了智能执行器接口模块,并从硬件和软件两个方面阐述了具体的实现方法; 该模块采用TEDS技术,具备TII接口通信能力;用测试系统对智能执行器接口模块进行测试,测试结果表明:该模块能与测试系统实现无缝连接,能被系统智能识别和控制。      

基于GIS和OTDR的光纤智能监控系统研究

为了提高光纤故障处置效率,设计了一种基于GIS和OTDR的光纤智能监控系统。介绍了系统的总体技术架构和软件功能框架。采用小波分析技术,提取OTDR曲线中的事件信息,找出故障点位置。将故障点的光纤长度数据转换为经纬度数据,并结合光缆拓扑结构和GIS系统,将故障点在电子地图上实时显示并告警。经过系统测试,结果表明：系统的OTDR损耗分辨率达到0.01dB,动态范围为34dB~45dB,监测响应时间为5ms;故障定位误差小于10米,告警时间为2ms,完全满足光缆应急处置要求。     

基于AVR单片机的电动执行器控制模块检测仪的设计

电动执行器控制模块采用传统的控制电路结构较复杂,发生故障的概率相对较高,另外,电机在运行时会产生很多热量,导致电机发热过高,增加了机械的磨损,结果造成执行器运行速度慢,耗费时间,寿命短。本文采用一种基于AVR单片机ATMEGA329为核心的电动执行器控制模块检测仪,很好的解决了传统电动执行器控制模块存在的问题,实现了较高的可靠性和稳定性,可以长距离的传输信号,且速度较快,与其它一些仪表可以做到调试、功能和技术性能测试。文中简介了该控制模块检测仪的基本原理、设计方案和实验测试结果。最后经过试验证明,该电动执行器运行稳定,可靠,能够满足技术更新的要求。     

基于MDARM和VxWorks的小型无人机执行器故障检测方法

由于目前在小型无人机执行器故障诊断中存在着智能化程度较低,容易受到人为因素干扰,从而出现故障漏检等问题,难以满足小型无人机对飞行安全的要求。为此,本文提出一种基于多维数据关联规则挖掘(Multidimensional Data Association Rules Mining: MDARM)和VxWorks操作系统的小型无人机执行器故障诊断方法,通过建立执行器内部传感器测量的温度、压力、流速、力矩等相关变量的历史数据库,并对这些数据进行预处理,以避免带来噪声污染,并利用可测量参数与不可测量参数之间的关联性,建立故障诊断知识库,避免了诊断过程中的人为因素干扰,实现小型无人机执行器故障的精准测量。实验结果证明,这种方法能够有效地提高故障准确率64.7%,对小型无人机执行器的智能诊提供有效指导,应用前景广阔。     

基于Bayesian估计和Wiener滤波的阈值去噪方法

基于阈值的小波域去噪方法的核心是阈值选取,通过最小化一个Bayesian风险函数得到一种自适应阈值,结合线性滤波中具有代表性的Wiener方法,提出了一种新的去噪方法.实验结果表明,该方法能有效地去除图像中的白噪声,同时还能较好地保留图像的边缘信息,其效果优于目前的一些小波阈值去噪方法.     

PEM燃料电池内水分布和温度分布的数值模拟

本文建立了一个两相流、非等温、三维模型来研究PEM燃料电池内的传递过程,讨论了其内部水分布和温度分布特性。模拟结果表明水分布和温度分布都不均匀。沿着流动方向阳极侧水浓度逐渐降低,而阴极侧水浓度却不断升高,导致阴极容易形成液态水;在垂直流动方向上,脊下水的浓度和液态水饱和度都高于流道下;不同放电电压下阴极GDL中液态水分布趋势不同。沿流动方向温度逐渐降低,反应气体不足时降低梯度更大;脊下膜电极中温度低于流道下;垂直膜电极方向上最高温度在阴极催化层,放电电压越低,温度梯度越大;相同放电电压下质子交换膜越厚,各处的温度越低,温度梯度也越小。     

基于火焰发射光谱的转动温度和振动温度的测量

利用光学多通道分析仪(OMA)对酒精和煤油在大气中燃烧时的火焰发射光谱进行了分析.实验发现上述火焰发射光谱在275-600 nm波段范围内存在多支辐射强度很大的带状分子光谱,其中以OH自由基A²Σ⁺→X²Π_r(300-330 nm),CH自由基A²Δ→X²Π(410-440 nm)和C₂自由基A³Π_g→X³Π_u(500-520 nm)电子带系的发射光谱最为强烈.实验中采用高分辨率光栅对OH自由基A²Σ⁺→X²Π_r和CH自由基A²Δ→X²Π电子带系发射光谱的精细结构进行了分析.与此同时,本文基于分子光谱理论计算了不同转动温度和振动温度条件下OH自由基A²Σ⁺→X²Π_r和CH自由基A²Δ→X²Π电子带系发射光谱的强度分布,同时通过理论计算光谱和实验光谱进行比较确定了酒精燃烧火焰的转动温度和振动温度. 关键词： 火焰发射光谱 谱线强度 转动温度 振动温度     

基于磁流体热透镜效应的阈值可调光学限幅器的理论设计

理论模拟了激光束通过磁流体样品后产生的远场光斑图样,提出了一种阈值可调光学限幅器的实现方案.计算了不同光阑孔径半径和不同光阑样品距离情况下,系统的出射光功率与入射光功率的关系.得出了系统的光学限幅阈值随光阑孔径半径的增大以及光阑样品距离的减小而向高功率方向转移的结论,且限幅阈值与光阑孔径半径之间呈线性关系.定义了描述磁流体样品特征的参量f,发现了系统的光学限幅阈值随f的绝对值增加而减小.本文的结论能为实际的磁流体基可调谐光学限幅器的设计与制作提供有益的参考.     

基于磁流体热透镜效应的阈值可调光学限幅器的理论设计

理论模拟了激光束通过磁流体样品后产生的远场光斑图样,提出了一种阈值可调光学限幅器的实现方案.计算了不同光阑孔径半径和不同光阑样品距离情况下,系统的出射光功率与入射光功率的关系.得出了系统的光学限幅阈值随光阑孔径半径的增大以及光阑样品距离的减小而向高功率方向转移的结论,且限幅阈值与光阑孔径半径之间呈线性关系.定义了描述磁流体样品特征的参量f,发现了系统的光学限幅阈值随f的绝对值增加而减小.本文的结论能为实际的磁流体基可调谐光学限幅器的设计与制作提供有益的参考.     

Localization mechanisms and location methods of the disturbance sensor based on phase-sensitive OTDR

The mathematic models of the disturbance sensor based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) are established. On the basis of the models, the localization mechanisms of the conventional location techniques for phase-sensitive OTDR are simulated. The simulation results indicate that the frequency characteristics of the backscattered signal at disturbance region are different from other regions. According to the results, a novel location method relied on power spectrum analysis is described. The experiment is then conducted over a monitored length of 9 km with a spatial resolution of 100 m, which demonstrates that the described location approach can significantly enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to 19.4 dB.     

Fiber-optic distributed sensor based on phase-sensitive OTDR and wavelet packet transform for multiple disturbances location

A novel location scheme based on the wavelet packet transform (WPT) for the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) is proposed. The wavelet packet energy of the backscattered signal at a time interval over the sensing fiber is provided to discriminate the disturbances regions from other regions. It is insensitive to the frequency drift of the laser. The simultaneous measurement of two disturbances at 5 km and 7 km positions is achieved by the location technique based on the WPT over a 9 km monitored length with a 50 m spatial resolution even when a laser with a frequency drift rate of 230 MHz/min is utilized. During 100 times experiments the false alarm rate is only 2% and the maximum location error is 150 m.     

Effect of thermo-mechanical process on structure and high temperature shape memory properties of Ti–15Ta–15Zr alloy

The effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on microstructure evolution, martensite transformation, and shape memory behavior of Ti–15Ta–15Zr high temperature shape memory alloy were investigated. Different martensite morphologies were found with different annealing temperatures. The Ti–15Ta–15Zr alloy exhibits almost perfect shape memory recovery strain of 6% after annealing at 973 K for 0.5 h.     

Investigation on threshold voltage of p-channel GaN MOSFETs based on p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure

The threshold voltage (V_th) of the p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is investigated via Silvaco-Atlas simulations. The main factors which influence the threshold voltage of p-channel GaN MOSFETs are barrier height Φ_1,p, polarization charge density σ_b, and equivalent unite capacitance C_oc. It is found that the thinner thickness of p-GaN layer and oxide layer will acquire the more negative threshold voltage V_th, and threshold voltage |V_th| increases with the reduction in p-GaN doping concentration and the work-function of gate metal. Meanwhile, the increase in gate dielectric relative permittivity may cause the increase in threshold voltage |V_th|. Additionally, the parameter influencing output current most is the p-GaN doping concentration, and the maximum current density is 9.5 mA/mm with p-type doping concentration of 9.5×10¹⁶ cm^-3 at V_GS = -12 V and V_DS = -10 V.     

Measurement of stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） threshold based on waveform variation of SBS optical limiting

This paper proposes a method for measuring the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold based on waveform variation of SBS optical limiting. The output waveforms for different pump power densities are numerically simulated, and validated in the Nd:YAG seed-injected laser system. The results indicate that SBS does not take place in the case of a low pump power density and thus the output power scales up linearly with pump power. Once the pump power density exceeds the SBS threshold, SBS takes place and thereby the energies are transferred from pump to Stokes. As a result, a small shoulder appears in the trailing edge of the output waveform, which provides another method to determine the SBS threshold.     

超声激发生物组织声发射的原理及应用

介绍一种利用双频共焦超声波获取组织内部特性信息的新方法一超声激发声发射(USAE)。本文着重说明了USAE的基本工作原理，然后介绍了USAE在医学成像和组织无损测温两方面的重要应用。最后指出了一些有待研究的问题。     

Effect of enhancement of interface performance on mechanical properties of shape memory alloy hybrid composites

Effect of enhancement of interface performance on mechanical properties of shape memory alloy hybrid composites (SMAHCs) was investigated in this work. Composite laminates without Ni-Ti shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers, with Ni-Ti SMA fibers polished, corroded and modified by silane coupling agent KH550 were taken into comparison to investigate the effect of surface treatments. Surface morphology of Ni-Ti fibers under different treatments were observed with scanning electron microscope. The mechanical performance of specimens without Ni-Ti fibers and with Ni-Ti fibers under different treatments were investigated through tensile, three-point bending and low-velocity experiments. The morphology and micromorphology were observed to study the effect of different surface treatment methods. The conclusion shows that embedded Ni-Ti SMA fibers can enhance the mechanical performance of composite laminates. However, the performance of Ni-Ti SMA fibers was restrained by the poor interface performance. After surface treatments, SMAHCs illustrate better mechanical performance owing to the enhanced interface performance. Among all the surface treatment methods, modification with silane coupling agent KH550 shows the best effect.     

Cascaded dual-channel fiber SPR temperature sensor based on liquid and solid encapsulations

In order to control the working wavelength range of the fiber surface plasmon resonance(SPR) temperature sensor and realize the wavelength division multiplexing type multi-channel fiber SPR temperature sensor, by comprehensively investigating the influence of liquids with different thermal-optical coefficients and solid packaging materials on the performance of fiber SPR temperature sensor, a dual-channel fiber SPR temperature sensor based on liquid–solid cascade encapsulation was designed and fabricated. The liquid temperature sensing stage encapsulated in capillary worked in 616.03 nm–639.05 nm band, the solid sensing stage coated with pouring sealant worked in 719.37 nm–825.27 nm band, and the two stages were cascaded to form a fiber dual-channel temperature sensor. The testing results indicated that when the temperature range was 35℃–95℃, the sensitivity of two-stage temperature detection was -0.384 nm/℃and -1.765 nm/℃ respectively. The proposed fiber sensor has simple fabrication and excellent performance which can be widely used in various fields of dual-channel temperature measurement and temperature compensation.     

60keV质子辐照对TiNi记忆合金薄膜马氏体相变的影响

 利用磁控溅射的方法在氧化后的单晶Si基片上制备了TiNi形状记忆合金薄膜，利用示差扫描量热法和原位X射线衍射研究了薄膜的马氏体相变特征。通过60keV质子注入（辐照）薄膜样品研究了H+离子对合金薄膜马氏体相变特征的影响，结果表明氢离子注入后引起了马氏体相变开始Ms和结束点Mf以及逆马氏体相变开始As和结束温度Af的下降，而对R相变开始Rs和结束温度Rf影响不大。掠入射X射线衍射表明H+离子注入后有氢化物形成。H⁺离子注入形成的氢化物是引起相变点的变化的主要因素。