Ti6Al4V表面双层辉光离子渗Mo及其摩擦学性能的研究

利用双层解光离子渗金属技术在Ti6A14V合金表面渗Mo，用球—盘磨损试验机对试样的摩擦性能进行了研究．结果表明：Ti6A14V合金表面渗Mo可以形成均匀的表面改性合金层，合金层由沉积层和扩散层构成；合金层的硬度和弹性模量分别为10．86GPa和278．84GPa，较Ti6A14V有较大提高；渗Mo后的试样在干摩擦小滑动距离下表现出一定的减摩作用，耐磨性明显增强；在油润滑条件下，渗Mo改性层具有优异的减摩和耐磨性能．     

A three-dimensional crystal plasticity model for duplex Ti–6Al–4V

A rate dependent crystal plasticity model for the α/β Ti–Al alloy Ti–6Al–4V with duplex microstructure is developed and presented herein. Duplex Ti–6Al–4V is a dual-phase alloy consisting of an hcp structured matrix primary α-phase and secondary lamellar α + β domains that are composed of alternating layers of secondary α laths and bcc structured residual β laths. The model accounts for distinct three-dimensional slip geometry for each phase, anisotropic and length scale dependent slip system strengths, the non-planar dislocation core structure of prismatic screw dislocations in the primary α-phase, and crystallographic texture. The model is implemented in the general purpose finite element code (ABAQUS, 2005. Ver 6.5, Hibbitt, Karlsson, and Sorensen, Inc., Pawtucket, RI) via a UMAT subroutine.     

平面撞击对Ti6Al4V合金结构的影响

采用一级轻气炮对Ti6Al4V合金进行对称与非对称正碰撞冲击,回收冲击样品,并进行电镜扫描和X射线衍射分析。结果表明:随着冲击速度的增加,样品发生不同程度的变形,材料内部产生微裂纹并导致材料发生损伤,而损伤进一步促进了微裂纹的产生、扩展;由X射线分析结果可知,冲击使材料的晶面发育更加完整,并在材料冷却过程中出现一种亚稳态结构,在一定程度上可提高冲击韧性。 更多还原     

微织构刀具正交切削Ti6Al4V的试验研究

仿生摩擦学的出现,为刀具减摩技术提出了新的研究方向,通过钛合金的正交切削试验研究了表面微织构刀具在微量润滑和无润滑剂条件下的减摩性能.结果表明：表面微沟槽在润滑剂条件下可以有效地改善刀屑之间的摩擦,降低切削力与切削温度,同时表面微沟槽还可以改善钛合金的粘结现象;在无润滑剂条件下,微沟槽依然具有一定的＂润滑＂作用.     

Microstructure-based crystal plasticity modeling of cyclic deformation of Ti–6Al–4V

Ti–6Al–4V is a dual phase material with range of possible complex microstructures. It is well known that mechanical behavior of Ti–6Al–4V is significantly affected by its texture and microstructure morphology. A three-dimensional microstructure-based constitutive model for monotonic and cyclic deformation of duplex Ti–6Al–4V is developed and implemented. The model includes length scale effects associated with dislocation interactions with different microstructure features, and is calibrated using polycrystalline finite element simulations to fit the measured macroscopic responses (overall stress–strain behavior) of a duplex heat treated Ti–6Al–4V alloy subjected to a complex cyclic loading history. Representative microstructures are simulated using a three-dimensional finite element mesh with periodic boundary conditions imposed in all directions. The measured orientation and misorientation distributions of grains of this duplex Ti–6Al–4V are considered, and similar probability density distributions of the crystallographic orientations are assigned to the finite element mesh. The misorientation distributions are then fit using the simulated annealing method. Effects of microstructural features are examined and compared with the experimental data in terms of their influence on the material yield strength. The results are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental observations.     

Ti6Al4V合金表面激光熔覆复合涂层的高温摩擦学性能研究

为了改善Ti6Al4V合金的摩擦学性能,采用预置NiCrBSiFe复合粉末激光熔覆制备高温耐磨复合涂层,分析了涂层的显微组织,测试了其显微硬度、室温(25℃)及高温(600℃)磨损性能,并分析了其机理.结果表明:复合涂层与钛合金基体为冶金结合,以γ-(Ni,Cr,Fe)固溶体为基体,原位生成的TiC、TiB_2和CrB增强相均匀分布于涂层中,涂层的平均硬度为HV0.5950,约为钛合金基体(HV0.5360)的3倍.室温下,由于涂层具有很高硬度,改善了钛合金表面严重的黏着磨损,涂层表现出优异的耐磨性;高温下,钛合金表面生成氧化膜表现出固体润滑效果,摩擦系数和磨损量均下降,而涂层中基体相硬度下降,磨损表面出现犁沟和破碎磨粒,摩擦系数和磨损率相比室温略有上升,但相比钛合金仍表现出较好的高温耐磨性.     

摩擦-电化学噪声法研究Mo改性钛合金的腐蚀-磨损行为

利用等离子表面改性技术在Ti6Al4V合金基体上制备Mo渗镀复合改性层,考察改性层组织结构,利用微动摩擦学试验机并结合电化学噪声技术对比研究基材及改性层在0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀-微动摩擦学行为,对腐蚀-摩擦过程中的噪声参数进行分析.结果表明:纯Mo改性层能够明显改善钛合金的耐磨和减摩特性;同时提高了合金在0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位及降低了腐蚀电流,改善了合金表面的腐蚀-摩擦学性能.     

A Novel Method for Dynamic Short-Beam Shear Testing of 3D Woven Composites

A new test method for performing dynamic short-beam shear tests using a momentum trapped Hopkinson pressure bar is proposed. Angle-interlock 3D woven composite specimens were tested under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions to determine the effect of loading rate on damage evolution. The equilibrium condition in the composite specimen under dynamic loads was verified using finite element analysis of the experiment. A high speed camera was used to capture delamination initiation and propagation during both quasi-static and dynamic experiments. Analysis of the load-deflection curves and the high speed images revealed a good correlation between the modes of damage initiation and propagation with the features in the loading response. The apparent inter-laminar shear strength and the bending stiffness increased with rate of loading. While the damage was observed to propagate at a relative steady rate during quasi-static loading, the high rate of energy input during dynamic loading resulted in a rapid propagation of damage and a subsequent loss of stiffness in the composite as noted in the load-deflection curve.     

Image-Based Inertial Impact Test for Characterisation of Strain Rate Dependency of Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy

Experimental Mechanics - In the present work Image-Based Inertial Impact (IBII) tests are performed on Ti6Al4V material. The IBII test uses an impact on the edge of the specimen to generate a short...     

Experimental and numerical investigation of the uncut chip thickness reduction in Ti6Al4V orthogonal cutting

The downsizing of traditional cutting (“macro-cutting”) to micro-cutting introduces changes in the cutting process. The uncut chip thickness decreases and the cutting edge radius of the tool cannot be neglected anymore. The minimum chip thickness phenomenon takes importance, as well as ploughing. The size effect appears and the influence of the microstructure grows. Determining the value of the uncut chip thickness is a major concern to produce high quality parts. This paper focuses on the determination of that value experimentally with a setup providing strictly orthogonal cutting configuration and a one-time machining of the surface, as well as numerically with a finite element model by only changing the value of the uncut chip thickness. Specificities of micro-cutting are highlighted experimentally and numerically. The cutting refusal is observed in both cases and the minimum chip thickness is estimated (at minimum 25 % of the cutting edge radius) with a good correlation.     

化学复合镀层与Ti6Al4V为配副时高温摩擦磨损性能的研究

采用化学复合镀工艺,在碳钢表面制备了Ni-P-MoS2和Ni-P-CaF2复合镀层,并对镀层进行热处理.本课题主要对两种复合镀层在高温时的摩擦磨损性能进行对比分析,并将其与Ni-P镀层的摩擦磨损性能进行比对,讨论工作温度对复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响,并阐述了镀层在不同温度下的磨损机理.结果表明:当温度从常温升至500℃左右时,Ni-P-MoS2复合镀层的摩擦学性能较优,Ni-P-CaF2复合镀层和Ni-P镀层次之,Ni-P-MoS2复合镀层在高温摩擦磨损时表面生成一层致密的氧化膜起到很好的减摩作用.     

在氮气介质中WC-Co/Ti6Al4V摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能研究

在THT07-135型高温摩擦磨损试验机上采用销-盘式接触形式,研究了WC-Co硬质合金/Ti6Al4V钛合金摩擦副在氮气介质中的摩擦磨损性能,并与空气介质中的摩擦磨损性能进行对比.结果表明:与空气介质相比,在氮气介质中WC-Co/Ti6Al4V摩擦副的摩擦系数稍低;WC-Co硬质合金比Ti6Al4V钛合金的磨损量低得多,氮气介质具有一定的减磨作用;钛合金材料的主要磨损机理为摩擦副之间产生较强的犁沟与挤压撕裂,而硬质合金的主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损与粘结剥落.     

Ti6Al4V表面激光改性层重熔处理的微观组织特征及宽温域摩擦学性能研究

采用激光复合工程技术对Ti6Al4V基体表面进行强化耐磨处理,首先在Ti6Al4V合金表面进行激光氮化[Ti(N)]和氮氧化[Ti(N,O)]处理,然后在纯氩气气氛中分别对Ti(N)层和Ti(N,O)层进行激光重熔处理,制备了组织分布更为均匀的重熔氮化层[Re-Ti(N)]和重熔氮氧化层[Re-Ti(N,O)]. 组织结构分析揭示了Re-Ti(N)层主要由富氮αˊ-Ti和TiN_x组成,而Re-Ti(N,O)层则主要由富氧αˊ-Ti和TiN_xO_y组成. 相对于Ti6Al4V基体,Re-Ti(N)层和Re-Ti(N,O)层的硬度、弹性模量和磨损量降低了2倍以上,然而激光复合处理前后材料均表现出较大的摩擦系数. 相对于Re-Ti(N)层,氧原子的加入,不仅能够有效细化组织和提升强韧度,而且显著抑制了摩擦界面的黏着磨损. 通过磨屑结构分析进一步验证了基体黏着磨损机制和重熔改性层磨粒磨损机制.      

摩擦热对Ti6Al4V合金摩擦磨损性能的影响

在高速销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上考察了Ti6Al4V销与GCr15钢盘摩擦副的干滑动摩擦磨损行为,并在线测量了销试样的摩擦接触温度,利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及透射电子显微镜分别对Ti6Al4V摩擦表面和次表层的微观形貌、组织成分、相结构进行研究.结果表明:Ti6Al4V的β相变点温度接近其摩擦系数和磨损率的转折温度;随着摩擦表面温度升高,在Ti6Al4V表面依次形成TiO、TiO2和V2O3;温度骤变促使Ti6Al4V表层析出纳米颗粒,高的摩擦温度使空气中的氮渗入表层而形成VN.上述结果共同对Ti6Al4V/GCr15摩擦副的摩擦磨损行为产生影响.     

Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb和Ti6Al4V合金的干摩擦学性能对比研究

本文以商业Ti-6Al-4V合金为参照,考察了Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb(原子比)金属间化合物在不同载荷和速率下的干摩擦学行为,结果表明:Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb和Ti6Al4V合金的摩擦系数几乎相同,而Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb金属间化合物比Ti-6Al-4V具有更好的抗磨性;Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb和Ti6Al4V合金的磨损率均随载荷的增加而增加,Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb合金磨损率随滑动速率增加而增加,Ti-6Al-4V合金磨损率却随滑动速率增加呈下降直至稳定的趋势;Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损,Ti-6Al-4V合金的磨损机制为塑性变形,犁沟和剥落.     

Optimization of cutting conditions for end milling of Ti6Al4V Alloy by using a Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA)

Surface roughness is commonly used to indicate the quality of machine parts. Optimizing cutting parameters throughout the machining process is an important aspect for manufacturers, as it allows them to achieve a minimum surface value. During this study, a new optimization technique known as the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) was employed in order to achieve minimum surface roughness when end milling a Ti6Al4V alloy under dry cutting conditions, with both PVD coated and uncoated cutting tools. Regression models have been created based on the results of real experimental data. Through use of SPSS software, it was possible to formulate the objective (fitness) functions which were used in the GSA optimization for each cutting tool. A MATLAB code was then created to instigate the optimization process. The results indicated that high cutting speed and low feed rate and depth of cut could result in a minimum surface roughness value of (0.6255 μm), based on the objective function for the PVD cutting tool. Alternatively, surface roughness of around (0.4165 μm) could be achieved by using an uncoated tool on a lower feed rate, depth of cut and cutting speed. The same GSA technique was used in another case study optimized by Genetic algorithm (GA). The GSA achieved the same results, and proved that it is faster than GA: GSA could reach the optimum solution in the third iteration; GA could only reach it in the 67th.     

钛合金表面类金刚石碳梯度薄膜的摩擦磨损性能研究

与Ti6Al4V合金／超高分子量聚乙烯摩擦副对比,考察了Ti6Al4V合金表面类金刚石碳梯度薄膜／超高分子量聚乙烯摩擦副在干摩擦以及Hank’s溶液和生理盐水润滑下的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜观察试样磨损表面形貌,并进而分析磨损机理。结果表明,类金刚石碳梯度薄膜具有良好的减摩抗磨性能,其体积磨损率约为相同条件下Ti6Al4V合金体积磨损率的50％,相应的超高分子量聚乙烯偶件的磨损率亦较低,类金刚石碳梯度薄膜的磨损呈现轻微磨粒磨损特征,而超高分子量聚乙烯可抑制类金刚石碳梯度薄膜的磨粒磨损。     

Ti6A14V表面微弧氧化陶瓷涂层的结构和摩擦学特性

采用交流微弧氧化法，在Na2SiO3-(NaPO3)6-Na3MoO4溶液中制备了Ti6A14V表面氧化物陶瓷涂层，用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和球-盘摩擦磨损试验机研究了涂层的结构、形貌及摩擦学性能，用纳米压痕仪测定了涂层致密层的硬度，用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层磨损表面形貌，用能谱仪分析涂层磨屑的元素组成．结果表明：厚约20pm的涂层致密均匀，主要由锐钛矿和金红石相氧化钛组成；涂层致密层的硬度约为13．5GPa；在0．5N低载荷和摩擦循环次数小于2000次条件下，涂层同GCrl5钢对摩时的摩擦系数仅为0．18～0．20，较基底Ti6A14V与其对摩的摩擦系数低得多．摩擦过程中较软的GCr15钢球材料向涂层表面转移，涂层的磨损机制主要是轻微磨粒磨损与粘着磨损．     

考虑地基-结构-散粒体相互作用时贮仓结构的静动力研究——[Ⅰ]实验研究

对贮仓结构的静、动力问题进行了系统的实验研究 :考虑到地基———结构———散粒体的相互作用 ,设计并完成了不同地基上的筒仓模型的静、动力试验 (包括模型制作、试验和测试方案 ,数据输入输出及处理 )。根据对多种工况试验的观察 ,得出结论 :在地基水平振动的情况下 ,贮仓内绝大部分的散粒体与仓壁没有相对运动 ,只有一小部分散粒体脱离仓壁与贮仓有相对运动