Palladium(II) complexes of readily functionalized bidentate 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole "click" ligands: a synthetic, structural, spectroscopic, and computational study

The Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-cycloaddition of organic azides with terminal alkynes, the CuAAC "click" reaction is currently receiving considerable attention as a mild, modular method for the generation of functionalized ligand scaffolds. Herein we show that mild one-pot "click" methods can be used to readily and rapidly synthesize a family of functionalized bidentate 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligands, containing electrochemically, photochemically, and biologically active functional groups in good to excellent yields (47-94%). The new ligands have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, HR-ESI-MS, IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR and in three cases by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore we have demonstrated that this family of functionalized "click" ligands readily form bis-bidentate Pd(II) complexes. Solution studies, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the Pd(II) complexes formed with the 2-(1-R-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine series of ligands are more stable than those formed with the [4-R-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl]pyridine "click" ligands.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel bis-triazolyl quinazolinones

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - A series of 2-methyl-1-[(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-2-(4-{[(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl}amino]phenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones...     

Photoluminescent copper(I) complexes with amido-triazolato ligands

A series of heteroleptic copper(I) complexes incorporating amido-triazole and diphosphine ligands, [Cu(I)(N-phenyl-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (1), [Cu(I)(N-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (2), [Cu(I)(N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (3), [Cu(I)(N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (4), [Cu(I)(2,6-dimethyl-N-[2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]aniline)(dppb)] (5), [Cu(I)(2,6-dimethyl-N-[2-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]aniline)(dppb)] (6), (dppb = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene), have been prepared. The complexes adopt a distorted tetrahedral geometry in the solid state with the amido-triazole ligand forming a six-member ring with the Cu(I) ion. The complexes exhibit long-lived photoluminescence with colors ranging from yellow to red-orange in the solid state, in frozen glass at 77 K, and in fluid solution with modest quantum yields of up to 0.022. Electrochemically, complexes 1-4 show irreversible oxidation waves while 5 and 6 are characterized by quasi-reversible oxidations as determined by cyclic voltammetry. For 1-4, the emission energy and oxidation potential are found to vary linearly with the Hammett parameter σ(p) of the substituent in the para position of the amido ligand, while in 5 and 6, large differences in emission are observed because of the nature of N3 substitution in the triazole ring. Density functional theory calculations have been performed on the singlet ground states (S(o)) of all complexes at the BP86/6-31G(d) level to assist in assignment of the excited states. On the basis of both experimental and computational results, we have assigned the excited states as intraligand + metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3)(ILCT+MLCT) or ligand-to-ligand charge transfer mixed with MLCT (3)(MLCT +LLCT) in these complexes.     

Ruthenium(II) and palladium(II) complexes with 2,6-(bispyrazol-1-yl)pyridines

Ruthenium(II) and palladium(II) complexes [Ru(DMSO)(L)Cl₂] and [Pd(L)Cl]Cl, where L = 2,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (bpp) or 2,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (bdmpp) have been synthesized. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, UV-Vis, and cyclic voltammetry measurements.     

Substituted 1-(isoxazol-3-yl)methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles: Synthesis,palladium(II) complexes,and high-turnover catalysis in aqueous media

New substituted 3-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-arylisoxazoles (aryl?=?Ph, p-Tol) and 2-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)-5-(2-(1-((5-(p-tolyl)isoxazol-3-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized by means of click-chemistry procedures. The obtained compounds were used as ligands in preparation of palladium(II) complexes, and the latter proved to be high-turnover-number catalysts for CC cross-coupling reactions under Green Chemistry conditions. One of the ligands was structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and the structure of complexes was determined by ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N NMR spectroscopy and quantum-chemical modeling.     

Synthesis and selected transformations of 1-(5-methyl-1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethanones and 1-[4-(4-R-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]ethanones

By cycloaddition of arylazides to acetylacetone are obtained derivatives of 1,2,3-triazole. In the reaction of 1-[5-methyl-1-(R-phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl] ethanones (IIa–IIe) and 1-[4-(4-R-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl] ethanones (VIIa-VIIe) with isatin are obtained 2-[1-(R-phenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-4-quinolinecarboxylic acids (IIIa–IIIe) and 2-[4-(4-R-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl] -4-quinolinecarboxylic acids (IXa, IXb), respectively. We found that 1-[5-methyl-1-(R-phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl] ethanones (IIa–IIe) readily transform into [5-methyl-1-(R-phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl] acetic acids (IVa–IVc) by the method of Wilgerodt-Kindler. The (5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)acetic acid reacts with 5-phenyl-4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiol affording 6-[(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methyl]-3-phenyl[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazole (VI). Original Russian Text ? N.T. Pokhodylo, R.D. Savka, V.S. Matiichuk, N.D. Obushak, 2009, published in Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 2009, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 320–325.     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of (E)-2-[(1-Substituted Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ones

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - A series of novel (E)-2-[(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one derivatives has been synthesized by condensation of...     

Cobalt complexes with "Click"-derived functional tripodal ligands: spin crossover and coordination ambivalence

We demonstrate the use of a Cu(I) catalyzed "Click" reaction in the synthesis of novel ligands for spin crossover complexes. The reaction between azides and alkynes was used to synthesize the reported tripodal ligand tris[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine, TBTA, and the new ligands tris[(1-cyclohexyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine, TCTA, and tris[(1-n-butyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine, TBuTA. Reactions of TBTA with Co(ClO(4))(2) lead to complexes of the form [Co(TBTA)(CH(3)CN)(3)](ClO(4))(2), 1, and [Co(TBTA)(2)](ClO(4))(2), 2, where complex formation can be controlled by the metal/ligand ratio and the complexes 1 and 2 can be chemically and reversibly switched from one form to another in solution resulting in coordination ambivalence. The benzyl substituents of TBTA in 2 show intramolecular C-H-π T-stacking that generates a chemical pressure to stabilize the low spin (LS) state at lower temperatures. The structural parameters of 2 are consistent with a Jahn-Teller active LS Co(II) (elongation) ion showing four short and two long bonds. 2 shows spin-crossover (SCO) behavior in the solid state and in solution with a high T(0) close to room temperature which is driven by the T-stacking. 1 remains high spin (HS) between 2 and 400 K. Reversible chemical switching is observed between 1 and 2 at room temperature, with an accompanying change in the spin state from HS to LS. The importance of the intramolecular T-stacking in driving the SCO behavior is proven by comparison with two analogous compounds that lack an aromatic substituent and remain HS down to very low temperatures.     

Synthesis and molecular docking studies of novel 2-phenyl-4-{4-[(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]benzylidene}oxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - 2-Phenyl-4-{4-[(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]benzylidene}oxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives were synthesized by click chemistry reactions. Exploration of...     

COMPLEXES OF BINUCLEATING LIGANDS. X. SOME COPPER(II), NICKEL(II), PALLADIUM(II), AND PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES OF SULPHUR-CONTAINING LIGANDS

Abstract

Copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes of the trianionic binucleating ligand (R^3-) derived from 4-hydroxy-bis-3,5-[N-(S-methyl-dithiocarbamate) formimidoyl]toluene have the general form RM₂(Z) where Z represents a range of monoanionic bridging species. Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes formed by R^3- and the related trianionic ligands derived from 2-hydroxy-5-methylisophthalaldehyde di-2′-mercaptoanil and 2-hydroxy-5-methylisophthalaldehyde dithiosemicarbazone have the 2:1 formulation [(ligand)M₂(Z)] only when the bridging species, Z, coordinates strongly enough to give the binucleating ligand substantial assistance in maintaining the binuclear structure. In the absence of a ‘good’ bridging group and in the presence of pyridine, 3:2 complexes of the form [(ligand)₂ M₃ (pyridine)₂] (where M = Pd, Pt) are produced in which the binucleating ligand fails to bind the two metals in close proximity.     

Synthesis and in-vitro antioxidant activities of some coumarin derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole ring

A new green protocol was developed for the S-alkylation of 2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole by the reaction of 5-substituted-2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole with propargyl bromide in sodium bicarbonate in water. The newly synthesized 5-[(substitutedphenoxy)methyl]-2-[(prop-2-yn-1-yl)sulfanyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole when reacted with azidomethyl coumarins underwent regioselective reaction yielding 4-(((4-((5-((substitutedphenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)sulfanylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-6-methyl)-2H-chromene-2-one or 1-((4-((5-((substitutedphenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)sulfanylmethy)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl-)methyl)-3H-benzo[f]chromene-3-one. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral and analytical data. The compounds were screened for their in-vitro antioxidant property.     

Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of new unsymmetrical N2O2 Schiff bases derived from 3-(2-aminobenzylimino)-1-phenylbutan-1-ol: synthesis,structure, antibacterial properties,and electrochemistry

Two new N₂O₂ unsymmetrical Schiff bases, H₂L¹ = 3-[({o-[(E)-(o-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl}methyl)imino]-1-phenyl-1-buten-1-ol and H₂L² = 3-[({o-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methylideneamino]phenyl}methyl)imino]-1-phenyl-1-buten-1-ol, and their copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes, [CuL¹] (1), [CuL²] (2), [NiL¹] (3), and [NiL²] (4), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods. The crystal structures of these complexes have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The coordination geometry around Cu(II) and Ni(II) centers is described as distorted square planar in all complexes with the CuN₂O₂ coordination more distorted than the Ni ones. The electrochemical studies of these complexes indicate a good correlation between the structural distortion and the redox potentials of the metal centers. The ligand and metal complexes were also screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity.     

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF Pd(II) COMPLEXES OF 1,2,3-TRIPHENYLGUANIDINE

Abstract

The formation of two complexes by reaction of [PdCl₄]^2- with 1,2,3-triphenylguanidine (PhNH)₂C=NPh under different metal/ligand ratios has been observed and the structure of the complex [(1,2,3-triphenylguanidine)₂PdCl₂] has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The ligands are coordinated as neutral monodentate molecules to the metal centre through their imine nitrogen atoms. The second Pd(II) complex is [Pd(1,2,3-triphenylguanidine)₄]²⁺ and was isolated by precipitation with ClO^? ₄.     

Zum Einfluß der Ringgröße auf die Struktur von Metallchelaten. IV. Palladium(II)- und Platin(II)-Komplexe pyridylsubstituierter Dialkylsulfide und -amine

The Influence of Ring Size on the Structure of Metal Chelates with Tridentate Ligands. IV. Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes of Pyridyl Substituted Dialkyl Sulfides and Amines [β-(Pyridyl-2)-ethyl]-[(pyridyl-2)-methyl]-amine(2,3-py₂tri) forms planar palladium(II) complexes [Pd(2,3-py₂tri)X]X (X = Cl, Br) occupying trans-positions as a tridentate ligand. An analogous behaviour is observed with bis[β-(pyridyl-2)-ethyl]-sulfide(3,3-py₂Stri) in the chelate compounds [Me^II(3,3-py₂Stri)X]X (Me^II = Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Br, J, SCN). On the other hand the rigid ligand bis[(pyridyl-2)-methyl]-sulfide(2,2-py₂Stri) is only bidentate in the complexes Me^II(2,2-py₂Stri)X₂ (Me^II = Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Br, J, SCN), one pyridine group does not interact with the central atom. The reasons are the angular relations within the thioether group of 2,2-py₂Stri which allow a tridentate coordination in a facial conformation (octahedral and trigonal-bipyramidal nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes), but not in a meridional one (planar palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes). In Pt(2,2-py₂Stri)(SCN)(NCS) one thiocyanato ligand is linked by sulfur, the other one by nitrogen.     

Synthesis,structural characterization and anticancer properties of p-cymene Ru(II) complexes with 2-(N-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridines

Transition Metal Chemistry - The structures of new p-cymene Ru(II) complexes with 2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine and 2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine were established based on...     

Synthetic transformation of higher terpenoids 31. Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolyl-containing furan labdanoids and studies of their cytotoxic activity

16-(1-R-1,2,3-Triazol-4-ylethyl)-, 16-(1-R-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylmethoxymethyl)-, and 16-{2-(1-R-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-[(1-R-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylmethoxy)ethyl]}-substituted derivatives of methyl lambertianate were synthesized by 1,3-cycloaddition of labdanoid alkynes with azides. The compounds obtained possess considerable cytotoxicity toward the human tumor cell lines CEM-13, MT-4, and U-937. The most active compound, methyl 16-(2-{2-[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)acetyl]furan-3-yl}ethyl)lambertianate, was found to inhibit the viability of the tumor cells by 50% (CCID₅₀) in the concentration of 7–12 μmol L^?1.     

Cyclization of trifluoro-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)methanesulfonamides to <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazoles

Three-component heterocyclizations of trifluoro-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)methanesulfonamide, trifluoro-N-pheny-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)methanesulfonamide, and trifluoro-N,N-di(prop-2-yn-1-yl)methanesulfonamide with formaldehyde and sodium azide afforded N-{[2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-, N-{[2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-N-phenyl-, and N,N-bis{[2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}trifluoromethanesulfonamides as the major products together with minor 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole isomers.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Two New Schiff Base Ligands and their Complexes with Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Copper(II)

Two Schiff base ligands, 2-{E-[(5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-2yl)imino]methyne}-1-naphthol (L¹H) and 5-nitro-2-{[(5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-yl)imino]methyne}phenol (L²H) have been prepared from 5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-amine (A), 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde (1) and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (2) Mononuclear Co(II), Ni^II and Cu^II complexes of the ligands have been prepared by using Co^II, Ni^II and Cu^II salts with a 1:2 metal:ligand ratio. It was determined that the bidentate behavior of the ligands is accomplished via the phenolic oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen atoms. The structures of the ligands and their complexes were identified by using elemental analyses, i.r., ¹H-n.m.r. spectra, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermogravimetric analyses (t.g.a.).     

New tetradentate N,N,N,N-chelating α-diimine ligands and their corresponding zinc and nickel complexes: synthesis, characterisation and testing as olefin polymerisation catalysts

A series of zinc complexes of the general formula {[ZnCl(ArN=C(An)-C(An)=NAr)](+)}(2)[Zn(2)Cl(6)](2-) (where Ar = 2-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl 2a, 2-(1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl 2b, 2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl 2c; An = acenaphthene backbone) were prepared by the condensation of acenaphthenequinone with the corresponding o-triazolyl-substituted anilines (2-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline 1a, 2-(1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline 1b, 2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline 1c) which were formed by the copper(I)-catalyzed Huisgen[3+2] dipolar cycloaddition between 2-ethynylaniline and the corresponding azides in high yields, using anhydrous ZnCl(2) as the metal template, in boiling glacial acetic acid. Zinc complexes of the type [ZnCl(ArN=C(An)-C(An)=NAr)](+)[ZnCl(3)(NCCH(3))](-) (4a-c) were synthesized by crystallisation of the corresponding complexes 2a-c in acetonitrile, at -20 °C. After removal of zinc dichloride from complexes 2a-c by the addition of potassium oxalate, in dichloromethane, the tetradentate N,N,N,N-chelating α-diimine ligands of the type ArN=C(An)-C(An)=NAr (5a-c) were obtained. The new ligand precursors and zinc complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, (1)H and (13)C{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Reaction of the ligand precursors 5a-c with [NiBr(2)(DME)], in dichloromethane, gave nickel complexes of the type [NiBr(2)(ArN=C(An)-C(An)=NAr)] (6a-c). The results of single crystal X-ray diffraction characterisation and magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrated that nickel complexes 6a-c possess octahedral geometries around the nickel atoms with variable configurations, the Br atoms of which can be ionized when dissolved in methanol. In preliminary catalytic tests, complexes 6a-c revealed to be active as catalysts for the polymerisation of norbornene and styrene, when activated by cocatalyst MAO. The characterisation of the polymers by (1)H and (13)C{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography/size-exclusion chromatography (GPC/SEC) revealed that these polymers were formed by a coordination addition mechanism.     

Exogenous bridging and nonbridging in Cu(II) complexes of Mannich base ligands: Synthesis and physical properties

Preparation of pentadentate ligands L¹, L², L³ and L⁴, where L¹ = 4-chloro-3-methyl-2[(prolin-1-yl)methyl]-6-[N-phenyl piperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenol, L² = 4-ethyl-2-[(prolin-1-yl)methyl]-6-[(N-phenyl piperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenol, L³ = 4-chloro-3-methyl-2-[(prolin-1-yl)methyl]-6-[N-methyl piperazin-1-yl]methyl phenol, L⁴ = 4-methoxy-2-[(prolin-1-yl)methyl]-6-[(N-phenyl piperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenol is described together with that of the corresponding Cu(II) complexes with various bridging motifs like OH, OAc and NO₂. The complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, electrochemical and electron paramagnetic spectral studies. Redox properties of the complexes in acetonitrile are highly quasireversible due to the chemical or/and stereochemical changes subsequent to electron transfer. The complexes show resolved copper hyperfine EPR at room temperature, indicating the presence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the copper atoms. Strengths of the antiferromagnetic interactions are in the order NO₂>OAc>OH.