溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米WO_3气致变色材料

本文主要阐述了纳米WO3气致变色材料的溶胶-凝胶制备方法、气致变色机理及其应用的研究新进展,重点评述了溶胶-凝胶法中各种制备条件诸如掺杂、模板剂、溶剂、热处理温度等对这种材料的结构和性能的影响,最后展望了纳米WO3气致变色材料的研究和应用前景。我们认为,在未来的溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米WO3气致变色材料领域,如何进行最优化的掺杂设计和选择高效模板剂、如何降低气体检测温度以及气致变色机理等将是该项研究的重点。     

PEO掺杂氧化镍薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及电致变色性能研究

以无水醋酸镍、乙醇为前驱液, 加入适量正丁醇及PEO2000等为稳定剂, 采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了稳定的PEO2000纳米Ni(OH)₂复合溶胶体系, 采用旋涂法在ITO (In₂O₃∶Sn)导电玻璃上形成均匀的氧化镍薄膜. 研究了溶胶组分对成膜性能的影响, 采用TG-DSC分析、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜, 研究了热处理过程中的结构变化和表面形貌. 循环伏安和可见光透过率测试表明该氧化镍薄膜具有良好的电致变色性能和阳极着色效应.     

溶胶-凝胶模板法制备钛酸钡纳米管

采用氢氧化钡和钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 溶胶-凝胶结合模板法制备了钛酸钡纳米管, 通过SEM, TEM, XPS和XRD等表征分析, 钛酸钡纳米管直径100 nm, 钛酸钡为立方相结构, 晶胞参数a＝3.995 Å.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米WO3气致变色材料

本文主要阐述了纳米WO₃气致变色材料的溶胶-凝胶制备方法、气致变色机理及其应用的研究新进展,重点评述了溶胶-凝胶法中各种制备条件诸如掺杂、模板剂、溶剂、热处理温度等对这种材料的结构和性能的影响,最后展望了纳米WO₃气致变色材料的研究和应用前景。我们认为,在未来的溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米WO₃气致变色材料领域,如何进行最优化的掺杂设计和选择高效模板剂、如何降低气体检测温度、以及气致变色机理等将是该项研究的重点。     

介孔氧化铝的溶胶-凝胶法制备

以硝酸铝为铝源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和尿素为复合模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了介孔氧化铝（1）,其结构经TEM, XRD, TG-DTA和N₂-BET表征。结果表明：1比表面积较大（＞400 m²·g^-1）,孔径分布窄(3～5 nm),形成的蠕虫状孔道具有短程有序性。     

氧化铑变色薄膜的制备及其电变色研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了氧化铑电致变色薄膜。通过施加阴极或阳极电位, 薄膜在碱性电解液中呈现从亮黄（还原态）到深绿（氧化态）的可塑颜色变化,而 且可达到上千次循环而性能不变。采用XRD,SEM,TG,DTA,UVV,FTIR和循环伏安 等技术对薄膜的晶态、形貌、热处理过程和电变色过程进行了研究。得出100 ℃处 理的膜内含有一定量的结晶水,其性能最好。对薄膜的电致变色性能如：着色效率 、响应时间及循环寿命、开路记忆等进行了测试,并讨论了氧化铑薄膜电变色的反 应机理。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂二氧化钛薄膜及其光电性能研究

运用溶胶-凝胶法制备玻璃、陶瓷材料,具有低温、均匀、高纯、溶液铸塑等独特的优点,已引起科研人员的极大兴趣^[1]。二氧化钛是一种具有良好的光学性能的半导体材料,并已被广泛地研究。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备薄膜型TiO2光催化剂

用TiCl4作原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法在单晶硅基片上制备了TiO2纳米薄膜,并用XRD,AES,XPS以及紫外反射光谱等手段,对TiO2薄膜的结构进行了研究.结果发现,TiO2薄膜以锐钛矿型晶相存在.TiO2薄膜层与硅衬底间无明显的界面扩散反应.掺杂的Pd在还原前的薄膜中以氧化态存在,还原后则以高分散的金属态存在.掺杂的Pt在还原前后均以金属态存在,但还原后产生颗粒聚集.掺杂Pd的TiO2薄膜经还原后,其紫外吸收强度明显提高,主吸收峰发生红移.     

聚合物泡孔材料为模板的溶胶－凝胶法制备大孔结构二氧化钛陶瓷

Macroporous titania monoliths were prepared via sol-gel method using polymer foam as templates.The poly-mer foam polymerized via concentrated emulsion polymerization was immerged in a solution of titanium(IV)iso-propoxide in 2-propanol,which underwent a sol-gel process.The organic components were subsequently removedby calcination.The effects of various parameters,including the nature of the monomer,the volume fraction of dis-persed phase of the concentrated emulsion,and concentration of the sol-gel solution were investigated.The SEMmicrographs of the macroporous titania monoliths thus obtained showed that the porous structure of the final mate-rial was effectively controllable.     

氧化铑电致变色薄膜的制备、结构及性能

采用溶胶_凝胶方法在ITO导电基底上制备氧化铑电致变色薄膜 .当在碱性溶液中对薄膜分别施加阴极和阳极电位时 ,薄膜即呈现由亮黄到深绿的可逆变化 .采用原位XRD、TG_DTA、IR、XPS等方法对薄膜的结晶态、热处理过程以及膜的化学组成进行分析 .应用交流阻抗法计算了薄膜变色过程的扩散系数 ,结果表明该膜基本可以用于变色器件     

氢气泡模板电沉积多孔金属镍薄膜

Porous nickel films have been successfully electrodeposited using cathodic hydrogen bubbles as a template. The influence of deposition parameters including concentration, temperature and current density on the films morphologies has been systematically studied. SEM results showed that increase in current density resulted in the deposits with higher pore density and smaller pore size. Both the pore size and thickness of the pore walls increased with the electrolyte temperature range from 20 to 60 ℃ when the other deposition parameters were fixed. Increasing the concentration of NiCl₂ or NH₄Cl in the electrolyte led to the thicker of the pore walls and declined pore size and density. The deposits displayed a dendritic morphology in cross-sectional SEM image. Electrochemical characterization of the porous nickel films after surface oxidation in 1.0 mol·L^-1 NaOH solution showed that specific capacitance as high as 7.2 F·g^-1 could be reached.     

溶胶浸渍模板法制备有序多孔氧化钛、氧化锌薄膜

采用溶胶浸渍模板法制备了有序多孔的氧化钛(TiO₂)和氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜。首先，在洁净的玻璃基片上通过浸渍-提拉工艺组装有序的聚苯乙烯微球(PS)阵列模板；然后再采用溶胶浸渍法将TiO₂和ZnO溶胶灌充到PS模板微球的间隙内；最后通过煅烧去除PS而得多孔薄膜。采用SEM观察了薄膜的表面形貌，并用XRD对薄膜的性能进行了表征。结果表明，溶胶的浓度对薄膜形貌有着显著的影响。经煅烧后，TiO₂和ZnO薄膜分别为锐钛矿和六方纤锌矿结构。此外，对模板的组装及溶胶的灌注过程进行了分析。     

氢气泡模板法制备多孔镍用于电催化氧化乙醇

多孔镍通过同时在水溶液中析出氢气及还原镍离子电沉积生成,其在强碱溶液中对乙醇表现出良好的电催化氧化效果。 在1 mol/L KOH溶液中,多孔镍的电极反应为准可逆的β-氢氧化镍与β-羟基氧化镍之间质子耦合电子转移。 循环伏安图显示峰值电流密度与电势扫描速度平方根成线性关系,据此计算可得多孔镍的质子扩散系数值为2.92×10^-8 cm²/s,其高于块状镍体系的质子扩散系数值约4个数量级,这可能由真实表面积增大导致。 循环伏安法和计时电流法用来表征多孔镍对乙醇的电催化氧化能力,相对于(220)镍电极,多孔镍表现出更高的催化效率,计时电流法测量的催化反应速率常数为7.17×10³ cm³/(mol·s)。     

Preparation and Characterization of Molybdenum Oxide Thin Films by Sol-Gel Process

This paper presents a new sol-gel process to prepare molybdenum oxide thin films. A molybdenum acetylacetonate sol was prepared by employing the system CH₃COCH₂COCH₃/MoO₃/C₆H₅CH₃/HOCH₂CH₂OCH₃. A molybdenum acetylacetonate gel was prepared by addition of aqueous NH₃. Thermal gravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) of the gel suggested that crystallization of MoO₃ occurs in a 140 K temperature range around 508°C. MoO₃ films were prepared on fused silica, Si (111) and Al₂O₃ (012) substrates by annealing spin coating films of the sol in oxygen environment at 508°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that all films crystallize in -MoO₃ structure, and crystallites on fused silica substrate are arbitrarily oriented while those on Si (111) and Al₂O₃(012) substrates oriented in the (010) direction. SEM investigations showed that MoO₃ grains of all films are randomly distributed, with a longitudinal dimension of about 1–5 m and the film thickness is about 1 m.     

低温热处理氧化钨电致变色薄膜的制备与性质

低温热处理氧化钨电致变色薄膜的制备与性质;电致变色;溶胶 凝胶法;聚乙烯醇;氧化钨     

氢气泡模板法电沉积制备三维多孔铜薄膜

应用阴极析氢气泡模板法电沉积制备三维多孔铜薄膜,基础电解液组成为0.2 mol.dm-3CuSO4和1.5 mol.dm-3H2SO4.研究了电流密度(0.5~8.0 A.cm-2)、温度(20~70℃)、支持电解质(Na2SO4)以及添加剂HC l和聚乙二醇(PEG)等对薄膜的孔径大小和孔壁结构的影响.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,降低镀液温度和添加Na2SO4、PEG都可降低孔径的大小,但对孔壁结构无影响.加入微量的氯离子可显著改变薄膜的孔壁结构,得到孔壁结构较为致密的三维多孔铜电极.循环伏安(CV)测试结果显示三维多孔铜薄膜电极在碱性条件下电氧化甲醇的电流密度比光滑铜电极提高了近20倍.     

以两性高分子作反相悬浮稳定剂合成吸水剂

以聚（甲基丙烯酸十二酯－丙烯酸）两性共聚物为稳定剂，用反相悬浮聚合法合成了丙烯酸／丙烯酰胺／甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯三元共聚型超强吸水剂：吸蒸馏水1150mL.g^-1，吸0．9％NaCl溶液91mL.g^-1，研究了稳定剂结构及用量，单体组成，交联剂，链转移剂，中和程度等聚合条件及吸水剂性能的影响，实验表明甲基丙烯酸十二酯－丙烯酸共聚物是一种很好的反相悬浮稳定剂。     

Characterization of Electrochromic WO3-Layers Prepared by Sol-Gel Nanotechnology

Stable tungsten oxide coating sols suitable for electrochromic applications were prepared by a modified peroxotungstic acid route. Layers up to 250 nm thickness could be deposited on ITO-coated and/or FTO-coated glass substrates in a single dip-coating process. Optoelectrochemical measurements were employed to determine the variation of the electrochromic properties (change in optical density (OD) and switching times) of WO3-layers, investigated as a function of coating parameters, such as chamber humidity and the temperature of heat treatment. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) has shown that the optimized layers possess a partially crystalline morphology with nanocrystalline regions 2–3 nm in size.