Periodic solutions of second order Hamiltonian systems bifurcating from infinity

The goal of this article is to study closed connected sets of periodic solutions, of autonomous second order Hamiltonian systems, emanating from infinity. The main idea is to apply the degree for SO(2)$\mathrm{SO}(2)$-equivariant gradient operators defined by the second author in [S. Rybicki, SO(2)$\mathrm{SO}(2)$-degree for orthogonal maps and its applications to bifurcation theory, Nonlinear Anal. TMA 23 (1) (1994) 83–102]. Using the results due to Rabier [P. Rabier, Symmetries, topological degree and a theorem of Z.Q. Wang, Rocky Mountain J. Math. 24 (3) (1994) 1087–1115] we show that we cannot apply the Leray–Schauder degree to prove the main results of this article. It is worth pointing out that since we study connected sets of solutions, we also cannot use the Conley index technique and the Morse theory.     

A nonlinear diffusion system coupled via nonlinear boundary flux

In this paper, we deal with the global existence and nonexistence of solutions to a nonlinear diffusion system coupled via nonlinear boundary flux. By constructing various kinds of sub- and super-solutions and using the basic properties of M-matrix, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for global existence of nonnegative solutions. The critical curve of Fujita type is conjectured with the aid of some new results, which extend the recent results of Wang et al. [Nonlinear Anal. 71 (2009) 2134-2140] and Li et al. [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 876-883] to more general equations.     

A modified halpern-type iteration algorithm for totally quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings with applications

The purpose of this article is to modify the Halpern-type iteration algorithm for total quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mapping to have the strong convergence under a limit condition only in the framework of Banach spaces. The results presented in the paper improve and extend the corresponding results of [X.L. Qin, Y.J. Cho, S.M. Kang, H. Y. Zhou, Convergence of a modified Halpern-type iterative algorithm for quasi-?-nonexpansive mappings, Appl. Math. Lett. 22 (2009) 1051-1055], [Z.M. Wang, Y.F. Su, D.X. Wang, Y.C. Dong, A modified Halpern-type iteration algorithm for a family of hemi-relative nonexpansive mappings and systems of equilibrium problems in Banach spaces, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 235 (2011) 2364-2371], [Y.F. Su, H.K. Xu, X. Zhang, Strong convergence theorems for two countable families of weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and applications, Nonlinear Anal. 73 (2010) 3890-3906], [C. Martinez-Yanes, H.K. Xu, Strong convergence of the CQ method for fixed point iteration processes, Nonlinear Anal. 64 (2006) 2400-2411] and others.     

Strong convergence of viscosity approximation methods for finding zeros of accretive operators in Banach spaces

In this paper, we introduce a composite iterative scheme by viscosity approximation method for finding a zero of an accretive operator in Banach spaces. Then, we establish strong convergence theorems for the composite iterative scheme. The main theorems improve and generalize the recent corresponding results of Kim and Xu [T.H. Kim, H.K. Xu, Strong convergence of modified Mann iterations, Nonlinear Anal. 61 (2005) 51-60], Qin and Su [X. Qin, Y. Su, Approximation of a zero point of accretive operator in Banach spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 329 (2007) 415-424] and Xu [H.K. Xu, Strong convergence of an iterative method for nonexpansive and accretive operators, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 314 (2006) 631-643] as well as Aoyama et al. [K. Aoyama, Y Kimura, W. Takahashi, M. Toyoda, Approximation of common fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 67 (2007) 2350-2360], Benavides et al. [T.D. Benavides, G.L. Acedo, H.K. Xu, Iterative solutions for zeros of accretive operators, Math. Nachr. 248-249 (2003) 62-71], Chen and Zhu [R. Chen, Z. Zhu, Viscosity approximation fixed points for nonexpansive and m-accretive operators, Fixed Point Theory and Appl. 2006 (2006) 1-10] and Kamimura and Takahashi [S. Kamimura, W. Takahashi, Approximation solutions of maximal monotone operators in Hilberts spaces, J. Approx. Theory 106 (2000) 226-240].     

Approximation theorems for total quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings with applications

The purpose of this article is to prove some approximation theorems of common fixed points for countable families of total quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings which contain several kinds of mappings as its special cases in Banach spaces. In order to get the approximation theorems, the hybrid algorithms are presented and are used to approximate the common fixed points. Using this result, we also discuss the problem of strong convergence concerning the maximal monotone operators in a Banach space. The results of this article extend and improve the results of Matsushita and Takahashi [S. Matsushita, W. Takahashi, A strong convergence theorem for relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Approx. Theor. 134 (2005) 257-266], Plubtieng and Ungchittrakool [S. Plubtieng, K. Ungchittrakool, Hybrid iterative methods for convex feasibility problems and fixed point problems of relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Approx. Theor. 149 (2007) 103-115], Li, Su [H. Y. Li, Y. F. Su, Strong convergence theorems by a new hybrid for equilibrium problems and variational inequality problems, Nonlinear Anal. 72(2) (2010) 847-855], Su, Xu and Zhang [Y.F. Su, H.K. Xu, X. Zhang, Strong convergence theorems for two countable families of weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and applications, Nonlinear Anal. 73 (2010) 3890-3960], Wang et al. [Z.M. Wang, Y.F. Su, D.X. Wang, Y.C. Dong, A modified Halpern-type iteration algorithm for a family of hemi-relative nonexpansive mappings and systems of equilibrium problems in Banach spaces, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 235 (2011) 2364-2371], Chang et al. [S.S. Chang, H.W. Joseph Lee, Chi Kin Chan, A new hybrid method for solving a generalized equilibrium problem solving a variational inequality problem and obtaining common fixed points in Banach spaces with applications, Nonlinear Anal. 73 (2010) 2260-2270], Chang et al. [S.S. Chang, C.K. Chan, H.W. Joseph Lee, Modified block iterative algorithm for quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and equilibrium problem in Banach spaces, Appl. Math. Comput. 217 (2011) 7520-7530], Ofoedu and Malonza [E.U. Ofoedu, D.M. Malonza, Hybrid approximation of solutions of nonlinear operator equations and application to equation of Hammerstein-type, Appl. Math. Comput. 217 (2011) 6019-6030] and Yao et al. [Y.H. Yao, Y.C. Liou, S.M. Kang, Strong convergence of an iterative algorithm on an infinite countable family of nonexpansive mappings, Appl. Math. Comput. 208 (2009) 211-218].     

Approximating solutions of variational inequalities for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings

By using viscosity approximation methods for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, some sufficient and necessary conditions for a new type of iterative sequences to converging to a fixed point which is also the unique solution of some variational inequalities are obtained. The results presented in the paper extend and improve some recent results in [C.E. Chidume, Jinlu Li, A. Udomene, Convergence of paths and approximation of fixed points of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 138 (2) (2005) 473-480; N. Shahzad, A. Udomene, Fixed point solutions of variational inequalities for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 64 (2006) 558-567; T.C. Lim, H.K. Xu, Fixed point theories for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Nonlinear Anal. TMA, 22 (1994) 1345-1355; H.K. Xu, Viscosity approximation methods for nonexpansive mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 298 (2004) 279-291].     

Iterative approaches to common fixed points of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces

The iteration scheme for families of nonexpansive mappings, essentially due to Halpern [Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 73 (1967) 957-961], is established in a Banach space. The main theorem extends a recent result of O'Hara et al. [Nonlinear Anal. 54 (2003) 1417-1426] to a Banach space setting. For the same iteration scheme, with finitely many mappings, a complementary result to a result of Jung and Kim [Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 34 (1997) 93-102] (also Bauschke [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 202 (1996) 150-159]) is obtained by imposing other condition on the sequence of parameters. Our results also improve results in [C. R. Acad. Sci. Sér A-B Paris 284 (1977) 1357-1359; J. Math. Anal. Appl. 211 (1997) 71-83; Arch. Math. 59 (1992) 486-491] in framework of a Hilbert space.     

Global existence of small amplitude solution for the generalized IMBq equation

In this paper, we reconsider the problem discussed in [G.W. Chen, S.B. Wang, Small amplitude solutions of the generalized IMBq equation, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 274 (2002) 846-866]. The proof of global existence presented in [G.W. Chen, S.B. Wang, Small amplitude solutions of the generalized IMBq equation, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 274 (2002) 846-866] is very simple in form, but it is a pity that the authors overlooked the bad behavior of low frequency part of B(t)ψ which causes trouble in L^∞ and Hs estimates. In this paper, we will give out a new proof of the global existence under an additional condition on the initial data.     

Equivalence theorems of the convergence between Ishikawa and Mann iterations with errors for generalized strongly successively Φ-pseudocontractive mappings without Lipschitzian assumptions

In this paper, the equivalence of the strong convergence between the modified Mann and Ishikawa iterations with errors in two different schemes by Xu [Y.G. Xu, Ishikawa and Mann iteration process with errors for nonlinear strongly accretive operator equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 224 (1998) 91-101] and Liu [L.S. Liu, Ishikawa and Mann iterative process with errors for nonlinear strongly accretive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 194 (1995) 114-125] respectively is proven for the generalized strongly successively Φ-pseudocontractive mappings without Lipschitzian assumption. Our results generalize the recent results of the papers [Zhenyu Huang, F. Bu, The equivalence between the convergence of Ishikawa and Mann iterations with errors for strongly successively pseudocontractive mappings without Lipschitzian assumption, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 325 (1) (2007) 586-594; B.E. Rhoades, S.M. Soltuz, The equivalence between the convergences of Ishikawa and Mann iterations for an asymptotically nonexpansive in the intermediate sense and strongly successively pseudocontractive maps, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 289 (2004) 266-278; B.E. Rhoades, S.M. Soltuz, The equivalence between Mann-Ishikawa iterations and multi-step iteration, Nonlinear Anal. 58 (2004) 219-228] by extending to the most general class of the generalized strongly successively Φ-pseudocontractive mappings and hence improve the corresponding results of all the references given in this paper by providing the equivalence of convergence between all of these iteration schemes for any initial points u₁, x₁ in uniformly smooth Banach spaces.     

Strong convergence theorems for countable families of asymptotically relatively nonexpansive mappings with applications

The purpose of this paper is by using the hybrid iterative method to prove some strong convergence theorems for approximating a common element of the set of solutions to a system of generalized mixed equilibrium problems and the set of common fixed points for two countable families of closed and asymptotically relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach space. The results presented in the paper improve and extend the corresponding results of Su et al. [Y.F. Su, H.K. Xu, X. Zhang, Strong convergence theorems for two countable families of weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and applications, Nonlinear Anal. 73 (2010) 3890-3906], Li and Su [H.Y. Li, Y.F. Su, Strong convergence theorems by a new hybrid for equilibrium problems and variational inequality problems, Nonlinear Anal. 72 (2) (2010) 847-855], Chang et al. [S.S. Chang, H.W. Joseph Lee, Chi Kin Chan, A new hybrid method for solving a generalized equilibrium problem solving a variational inequality problem and obtaining common fixed points in Banach spaces with applications, Nonlinear Anal. TMA 73 (2010) 2260-2270], Kang et al. [J. Kang, Y. Su, X. Zhang, Hybrid algorithm for fixed points of weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and applications, Nonlinear Anal. HS 4 (4) (2010) 755-765], Matsushita and Takahashi [S. Matsushita, W. Takahashi, A strong convergence theorem for relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Approx. Theory 134 (2005) 257-266], Tan et al. [J.F. Tan, S.S. Chang, M. Liu, J.I. Liu, Strong convergence theorems of a hybrid projection algorithm for a family of quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Opuscula Math. 30 (3) (2010) 341-348], Takahashia and Zembayashi [W. Takahashi, K. Zembayashi, Strong and weak convergence theorems for equilibrium problems and relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 70 (2009) 45-57] and Wattanawitoon and Kumam [K. Wattanawitoon, P. Kumam, Strong convergence theorems by a new hybrid projection algorithm for fixed point problem and equilibrium problems of two relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings, Nonlinear Anal. Hybrid Systems 3 (2009) 11-20] and others.     

On generalized operator quasi-equilibrium problems

In this paper, we will introduce the generalized operator equilibrium problem and generalized operator quasi-equilibrium problem which generalize the operator equilibrium problem due to Kazmi and Raouf [K.R. Kazmi, A. Raouf, A class of operator equilibrium problems, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 308 (2005) 554-564] into multi-valued and quasi-equilibrium problems. Using a Fan-Browder type fixed point theorem in [S. Park, Foundations of the KKM theory via coincidences of composites of upper semicontinuous maps, J. Korean Math. Soc. 31 (1994) 493-519] and an existence theorem of equilibrium for 1-person game in [X.-P. Ding, W.K. Kim, K.-K. Tan, Equilibria of non-compact generalized games with L^∗-majorized preferences, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 164 (1992) 508-517] as basic tools, we prove new existence theorems on generalized operator equilibrium problem and generalized operator quasi-equilibrium problem which includes operator equilibrium problems.     

Stability of undercompressive shock profiles

Using a simplified pointwise iteration scheme, we establish nonlinear phase-asymptotic orbital stability of large-amplitude Lax, undercompressive, overcompressive, and mixed under-overcompressive type shock profiles of strictly parabolic systems of conservation laws with respect to initial perturbations |u₀(x)|?E₀(1+|x|)^−3/2 in C0+α, E₀ sufficiently small, under the necessary conditions of spectral and hyperbolic stability together with transversality of the connecting profile. This completes the program initiated by Zumbrun and Howard in [K. Zumbrun, P. Howard, Pointwise semigroup methods and stability of viscous shock waves, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 47 (4) (1998) 741-871], extending to the general undercompressive case results obtained for Lax and overcompressive shock profiles in [A. Szepessy, Z. Xin, Nonlinear stability of viscous shock waves, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 122 (1993) 53-103; T.-P. Liu, Pointwise convergence to shock waves for viscous conservation laws, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 50 (11) (1997) 1113-1182; K. Zumbrun, P. Howard, Pointwise semigroup methods and stability of viscous shock waves, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 47 (4) (1998) 741-871; K. Zumbrun, Refined wave-tracking and nonlinear stability of viscous Lax shocks, Methods Appl. Anal. 7 (2000) 747-768; M.-R. Raoofi, L¹-asymptotic behavior of perturbed viscous shock profiles, thesis, Indiana Univ., 2004; C. Mascia, K. Zumbrun, Pointwise Green's function bounds and stability of relaxation shocks, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 51 (4) (2002) 773-904; C. Mascia, K. Zumbrun, Stability of small-amplitude shock profiles of symmetric hyperbolic-parabolic systems, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 57 (7) (2004) 841-876; C. Mascia, K. Zumbrun, Pointwise Green's function bounds for shock profiles with degenerate viscosity, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 169 (3) (2003) 177-263; C. Mascia, K. Zumbrun, Stability of large-amplitude shock profiles of hyperbolic-parabolic systems, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 172 (1) (2004) 93-131; C. Mascia, K. Zumbrun, Stability of large-amplitude shock profiles of general relaxation systems, SIAM J. Math. Anal., in press], and for special “weakly coupled” (respectively scalar diffusive-dispersive) undercompressive profiles in [T.P. Liu, K. Zumbrun, Nonlinear stability of an undercompressive shock for complex Burgers equation, Comm. Math. Phys. 168 (1) (1995) 163-186; T.P. Liu, K. Zumbrun, On nonlinear stability of general undercompressive viscous shock waves, Comm. Math. Phys. 174 (2) (1995) 319-345] (respectively [P. Howard, K. Zumbrun, Pointwise estimates for dispersive-diffusive shock waves, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 155 (2000) 85-169]). In particular, together with spectral results of [K. Zumbrun, Dynamical stability of phase transitions in the p-system with viscosity-capillarity, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 60 (2000) 1913-1924], our results yield nonlinear stability of large-amplitude undercompressive phase-transitional profiles near equilibrium of Slemrod's model [M. Slemrod, Admissibility criteria for propagating phase boundaries in a van der Waals fluid, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 81 (4) (1983) 301-315] for van der Waal gas dynamics or elasticity with viscosity-capillarity.     

Multidimensional fixed point theorems in partially ordered complete metric spaces

In this paper we propose a notion of coincidence point between mappings in any number of variables and we prove some existence and uniqueness fixed point theorems for nonlinear mappings verifying different kinds of contractive conditions and defined on partially ordered metric spaces. These theorems extend and clarify very recent results that can be found in [T. Gnana-Bhaskar, V. Lakshmikantham, Fixed point theorems in partially ordered metric spaces and applications, Nonlinear Anal. 65 (7)(2006) 1379–1393], [V. Berinde, M. Borcut, Tripled fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in partially ordered metric spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 74 (2011) 4889–4897] and [M. Berzig, B. Samet, An extension of coupled fixed point’s concept in higher dimension and applications, Comput. Math. Appl. 63 (8) (2012) 1319–1334].     

Multiple positive periodic solutions for an n-species competition predator-prey system on time scales

In this paper, we consider an n-species competition predator-prey system on time scales with Holling-type II functional response and multiple exploited (or harvesting) terms, which contains n?1 competing preys and one predator. By using the continuation theorem based on Gaines and Mawhin’s coincidence degree theory, easily verifiable criteria are established for global existence of multiple positive periodic solutions to the above system. In addition, our results generalize the corresponding results of Zhang and Hou (Nonlinear Anal. (RWA) 11:1560–1571, 2010), Fan and Wang (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 262:179–190, 2001), Ding and Lu (Appl. Math. Model. 33:2748–2756, 2009).     

Periodic solution of neutral Lotka-Volterra system with periodic delays

A nonautonomous n-species Lotka-Volterra system with neutral delays is investigated. A set of verifiable sufficient conditions is derived for the existence of at least one strictly positive periodic solution of this Lotka-Volterra system by applying an existence theorem and some analysis techniques, where the assumptions of the existence theorem are different from that of Gaines and Mawhin's continuation theorem [R.E. Gaines, J.L. Mawhin, Coincidence Degree and Nonlinear Differential Equations, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1977] and that of abstract continuation theory for k-set contraction [W. Petryshyn, Z. Yu, Existence theorem for periodic solutions of higher order nonlinear periodic boundary value problems, Nonlinear Anal. 6 (1982) 943-969]. Moreover, a problem proposed by Freedman and Wu [H.I. Freedman, J. Wu, Periodic solution of single species models with periodic delay, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 23 (1992) 689-701] is answered.     

Multiple solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations for oscillation problems

We discussed oscillating equations with Neumann boundary value in [Nonlinear Anal. 54 (2003) 431-443] and [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 298 (2004) 14-32] and prove the existence of infinitely many nonconstant solutions. However, it seems difficult to find infinitely many disjoint order intervals for oscillating equations with Dirichlet boundary value. To get rid of this difficulty, in this paper, we build up a mountain pass theorem in half-order intervals and use it to study oscillating problems with Dirichlet boundary value in which we only have the existence of super-solutions (or sub-solutions) and obtain new results on the exactly infinitely many solutions.     

Hybrid iterative scheme by a relaxed extragradient method for solutions of equilibrium problems and a general system of variational inequalities with application to optimization

In this paper, we introduce a new iterative process for finding the common element of the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping, the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem and the solutions of the variational inequality problem for two inverse-strongly monotone mappings. We introduce a new viscosity relaxed extragradient approximation method which is based on the so-called relaxed extragradient method and the viscosity approximation method. We show that the sequence converges strongly to a common element of the above three sets under some parametric controlling conditions. Moreover, using the above theorem, we can apply to finding solutions of a general system of variational inequality and a zero of a maximal monotone operator in a real Hilbert space. The results of this paper extended, improved and connected with the results of Ceng et al., [L.-C. Ceng, C.-Y. Wang, J.-C. Yao, Strong convergence theorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a general system of variational inequalities, Math. Meth. Oper. Res. 67 (2008), 375–390], Plubtieng and Punpaeng, [S. Plubtieng, R. Punpaeng, A new iterative method for equilibrium problems and fixed point problems of nonexpansive mappings and monotone mappings, Appl. Math. Comput. 197 (2) (2008) 548–558] Su et al., [Y. Su, et al., An iterative method of solution for equilibrium and optimization problems, Nonlinear Anal. 69 (8) (2008) 2709–2719], Li and Song [Liwei Li, W. Song, A hybrid of the extragradient method and proximal point algorithm for inverse strongly monotone operators and maximal monotone operators in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Anal.: Hybrid Syst. 1 (3) (2007), 398-413] and many others.     

Halpern’s iteration in Banach spaces

We prove strong convergence theorems for a sequence which is generated by Halpern’s iteration. We also apply our result for finding zeros of an accretive operator. Our result improves the recent result of Aoyama et al. [K. Aoyama, Y. Kimura, W. Takahashi, M. Toyoda, Approximation of common fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space, Nonlinear Anal. 67 (2007) 2350-2360] by removing some assumptions on the parameters. Finally we discuss the new sufficient condition studied by Song [Y. Song, A new sufficient condition for the strong convergence of Halpern type iterations. Appl. Math. Comput. 198 (2) (2008) 721-728; Y. Song, New strong convergence theorems for nonexpansive nonself-mappings without boundary conditions. Comput. Math. Appl. 56 (6) (2008) 1473-1478] and correct the main result of Song and Chai [Y. Song, X. Chai, Halpern iteration for firmly type nonexpansive mappings, Nonlinear Anal. 71 (10) (2009) 4500-4506].     

Function variational principles and coercivity

The function type extension of Ekeland's variational principle [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 47 (1974) 324-353] due to Zhong [Nonlinear Anal. 29 (1997) 1421-1431] is deductible in a simplified manner and in a larger functional context. This is also true for his (normed) coercivity result, based on Palais-Smale techniques.     

Systems of hyperbolic conservation laws with a resonant moving source

In this paper, we study the stability of a single transonic shock wave solution to the hyperbolic conservation laws with a resonant moving source. Compared with the previous results [W.-C. Lien, Hyperbolic conservation laws with a moving source, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 52 (9) (1999) 1075-1098; T.P. Liu, Nonlinear stability and instability of transonic flows through a nozzle, Comm. Math. Phys. 83 (2) (1982) 243-260] on this stability problem, in this paper, the transonic ith shock is assumed to be relatively strong and stable in the sense of Majda. Then the framework of [M. Lewicka, L¹ stability of patterns of non-interacting large shock waves, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 49 (4) (2000) 1515-1537; M. Lewicka, Stability conditions for patterns of noninteracting large shock waves, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 32 (5) (2001) 1094-1116 (electronic)] can be applied. A new criterion is obtained to test whether such a shock is time asymptotically stable or not. And by constructing the Liu-Yang functional, one can prove the L¹ stability of the shock under the stability condition. This is an extension of the result [S.-Y. Ha, T. Yang, L¹ stability for systems of hyperbolic conservation laws with a resonant moving source, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 34 (5) (2003) 1226-1251 (electronic); W.-C. Lien, Hyperbolic conservation laws with a moving source, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 52 (9) (1999) 1075-1098] to a more general case.