Compton散射下强激光等离子体空气冲击波波前的传输特性

 根据球对称激光等离子体空气冲击波在自由空间中传输的约束条件,对多光子非线性Compton散射的强激光等离子体空气冲击波波前的传输特性进行了研究,给出了散射下空气冲击波波前的运动方程,并进行了数值模拟。结果表明：该冲击波的衰减过程不仅与爆炸源和爆炸过程的特性、释放总能量、空气的弹性有关,而且还与散射有关,散射效应使冲击波的初始半径增大,衰减过程加快,能量转移率提高;数值模拟与实验结果符合得很好。     

气体压强对纳秒激光诱导空气等离子体特性的影响

环境气体的压强对激光诱导等离子体特性有重要影响.基于发射光谱法开展了气体压强对纳秒激光诱导空气等离子体特性影响的研究,探讨了气体压强对空气等离子体发射光谱强度、电子温度和电子密度的影响.实验结果表明,在10-100 kPa空气压强条件下,空气等离子体发射光谱中的线状光谱和连续光谱依赖于气体压强变化,且原子谱线和离子谱线强度随气体压强的变化有明显差别.随着空气压强增大,激光击穿作用区域的空气密度增加,造成激光诱导击穿空气几率升高,从而等离子体辐射光谱强度增大.空气等离子体膨胀区域空气的约束作用,增加了等离子体内粒子间的碰撞几率以及能量交换几率,并且使离子-电子-原子的三体复合几率增加,因此造成原子谱线OⅠ777.2 nm与NⅠ821.6 nm谱线强度随着气体压强增大而增大,在80 kPa时谱线强度最高,随后谱线强度缓慢降低.而离子谱线N Ⅱ 500.5 nm谱线强度在40 kPa时达到最大值,气体压强大于40 kPa后,谱线强度随压强增加而逐渐降低.空气等离子体电子密度均随压强升高而增大,在80 kPa后增长速度变缓.等离子体电子温度在30 kPa时达到最大值,气体压强大于30 kPa后,等离子体电子温度逐渐降低.研究结果可为不同海拔高度的激光诱导空气等离子体特性的研究提供重要实验基础,为今后激光大气传输、大气组成分析提供重要的技术支持.     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术检测分析原铝中硅、铁元素含量

利用自行搭建的LIBS装置对原铝中硅铁含量进行了分析测试，测试前对原铝试样进行了微观形貌分析，研究发现原铝中硅元素除有个别区域聚团现象外，其分布相对较为均匀；铁元素多以团状汇聚形态出现，且无明显的分布规律。实验分别考察了激光脉冲能量对激光诱导原铝等离子体光谱的影响，发现随着激光脉冲能量的增大，硅、铁元素信噪比先增加后减小，硅、铁谱线信噪比最大值均出现在160 mJ处，实验选取的激光脉冲能量为160 mJ。在上述较为合理的实验条件下，以内标法为基础，分别采用两种标样（纯铝标样与自选标样）建立了定标模型；结果表明：相比于纯铝标准试样，采用自选试样建立的定标模型不够理想，且数据的离散程度较大，铁元素直线拟合优度仅为0.921 3，相对标准偏差也较大。采用纯铝标样时，在试样不旋转的情况下，硅、铁元素定标曲线拟合优度分别为0.961 1与0.974 1，相对标准偏差分别为8.85%与9.43%，且误差棒显示误差随定标试样的硅、铁含量升高而增大。当试样台保持转速50 r·min-1条件下进行实验，发现硅、铁元素定标曲线的拟合优度分别为0.978 5与0.988，相对标准偏差分别为3.78%与3.4%，相比于试样平台固定情况下的定标结果，拟合优度明显改善，相对标准偏差也有所降低，定标模型明显优于自选试样建立的模型。使用两种定标模型对25个测试样进行了分析测试，比较了两种测试结果的相对误差，纯铝定标试样由于含量梯度较大，跨度较宽，采用该标样建立的定标模型对低铁原铝试样测试适应性相对较差，而自选试样建立的定标模型虽然不够理想，但针对低铁原铝试样的测试适应性相对较好。对激光诱导原铝产生的等离子体进行了诊断，通过镁元素几条离子谱线的玻耳兹曼图，计算出了等离子体温度约为9 163.63 K，利用镁元素一条谱线的Stark展宽估算出等离子体电子密度为1.69×1017 cm-3，验证了激光诱导原铝等离子体处于局部热力学平衡状态的假设是成立的。     

Magnetic-dipole vortex generation by propagation of ultraintense and ultrashort laser pulses in moderate-density plasmas

A magnetic-dipole vortex is generated in the behind of an ultraintense and ultrashort laser pulse in a near critical density plasma. The vortex is self-sustained by its magnetic field pressure which expels background electrons, and resulting sheath field accelerates electrons to drive high amplitude electric current inside the vortex. The electron energy spectra shows nonthermal distribution with relatively high energy. The vortex is stable for a long period since it is in the electromagnetic equilibrium, whose structure and characteristics are explained by a simple analytical model.     

Monte Carlo simulation of nitriding in iron by a mixing technology with laser and plasma beams

A program is modeled to describe nitriding depth by a new mixing laser and plasma beams nitriding (LPN) technique. The model extends the transport of ions in matter (TRIM) program by adding temperature and energy factors into the energy function. The nitriding depths and nitrogen distribution in substrate were calculated by Monte Carlo program. There is a good agreement between calculation and experiment results at different laser energy intensities, scanning velocities and nitrogen ion energies respectively. Moreover, the nitriding process diagrams by LPN technique are shown from calculation results.     

Study of laser-induced plasma shock waves by the probe beam deflection technique

Laser probe beam deflection technique is used for the analysis of laser-induced plasma shock waves in air and distilled water. The temporal and spatial variations of the parameters on shock fronts are studied as functions of focal lens position and laser energy. The influences of the characteristics of media are investigated on the well-designed experimental setup. It is found that the shock wave in distilled water attenuates to an acoustic wave faster than in air under the same laser energy. Good agreement is obtained between our experimental results and those attained with other techniques. This technique is versatile, economic, and simple to implement, being a promising diagnostic tool for pulsed laser processing.     

Preheating of a target by laser radiation through plasma and polymer aerogel

Processing of X-ray and optical streak-camera images after brightness amplification 5 proves unambiguously the existence of a preheating of the foil in two-layer targets (polymer aerogel plus Al foil). We observed this effect earlier at the accuracy limit of the experiment. Preheating may be explained by the initial transmission of laser radiation by an inhomogeneous plasma and aerogel remnants. The fraction of laser energy that passed through a microheterogeneous plasma to the foil or shell is small in comparison with the total energy in the pulse, but it comes to the target (foil or shell) at the initial period of the laser pulse and can be significantly affected by the dynamics of plasma and the efficiency of spherical cryogenic thermonuclear targets.     

激光等离子体闪光高速摄影法实验研究

 通过对激光等离子体进行诊断,可以获取激光等离子体重要的参数和演变规律。使用高速CCD对激光等离子体闪光进行拍摄,研究了不同激光能量下激光诱导空气击穿产生的等离子体的形状、大小、颜色以及激光等离子的发展变化特性。实验表明：等离子体在空间上呈发光液滴状,且逆着激光束的方向膨胀。随着激光能量的增大,等离子体在水平方向和竖直方向的尺寸逐渐增大,增大趋势逐步变小。     

Damage characteristics of laser plasma shock wave on rear surface of fused silica glass

The damage to the rear surface of fused silica under the action of high power laser is more severe than that incurred by the front surface, which hinders the improvement in the energy of the high power laser device. For optical components,the ionization breakdown by laser is a main factor causing damage, particularly with laser plasma shock waves, which can cause large-scale fracture damage in fused silica. In this study, the damage morphology is experimentally investigated, and the characteristics of the damage point are obtained. In the theoretical study, the coupling and transmission of the shock wave in glass are investigated based on the finite element method. Thus, both the magnitude and the orientation of stress are obtained. The damage mechanism of the glass can be explained based on the fracture characteristics of glass under different stresses and also on the variation of the damage zone's Raman spectrum. In addition, the influence of the glass thickness on the damage morphology is investigated. The results obtained in this study can be used as a reference in understanding the characteristics and mechanism of damage characteristics induced by laser plasma shock waves.     

Modeling the triggering of streamers in air by ultrashort laserpulses

The physical processes involved in the triggering of ionization waves (streamers) by ultrashort laser pulses, focused in air at 350 Torr and in a uniform electric field, are investigated by means of a one-dimensional (1-D) numerical model. The model describes the interaction of the laser pulse with air and takes into account many of the reactions in the laser-created plasma as well as the radial expansion of the plasma. Consequences of the model are that the threshold electric field for the appearance of streamers is an increasing function of the delay between the laser pulse and the electric field pulse and a decreasing function of the laser energy. Also, it appears that the electron temperature, the plasma density and radius, and the conduction of heat across the plasma boundaries play major roles in the capacity of the laser-created plasma to trigger streamers. The results of the model are compared with the available experimental data     

锥形激光等离子体中Compton 散射对电子的加速

应用相对论性电子与光子非弹性碰撞模型和经典相对论电动力学理论,结合锥形飞秒强激光等离子体中的光场特性和静电场能,分析、计算了入射的高能电子束与等离子体中的光子发生多光子非线性Compton散射时对电子的加速效应,发现等离子体中的光场会引起电子加速能量的振荡;等离子体中的静电场降低电子的加速效应。用高能电子束与锥形飞秒强激光等离子体中的光子发生双光子非线性Compton散射,是加速电子最为理想的情况。     

Ultra-short pulse laser interaction with transparent dielectrics

The interaction of intense, ultra-short laser pulses (USLP) with a surface of transparent dielectrics is considered. The combination of multi-photon absorption and impact ionization generates a plasma layer at the dielectric boundary. Interaction with the plasma self-consistently determines the amount of reflected, transmitted and absorbed light, and the spatial distribution of electron density. In the present paper, we model the interaction of USLP with transparent dielectrics. We calculate the evolution of electron density profiles and the variation of reflection, transmission and absorption of laser radiation during the pulse. We show that the laser-created surface plasma acts as a filter transmitting only the leading edge of the laser pulse. The transmitted energy is approximately fixed, nearly independent of input pulse energy. The transmitted energy increases with pulse duration. This increased energy is manifested in the formation of cylindrical shock waves directly applicable to recent experiments investigating absorption and shock generation in water. PACS 79.20.Ds; 81.15.Fg; 05.45.Pg     

超短脉冲激光与微小水滴相互作用中电子密度和光场的时空分布

为了研究超短激光脉冲和液滴相互作用过程中电子密度和光场的变化,基于非线性麦克斯韦方程组和电离速率方程,构建了激光等离子体非线性瞬态时域耦合模型,对飞秒激光脉冲击穿微米量级水滴时的电子密度和光场的时空分布进行了计算.结果显示水滴的击穿阈值最小可达2 TW/cm~2,为同等条件下无边界水介质击穿阈值的1/4.随着脉冲能量增强,水滴内自由电子密度峰值区域逆着激光入射方向移动,且入射光越强,水滴对光传播的屏蔽越明显.光束在水滴出射端外部汇聚,汇聚点的光功率密度可达入射光的5倍,且时域波形出现压缩和变形.另外,水滴对激光能量的吸收系数随光强增大而增大,并最终趋于饱和.     

激光等离子体相互作用中的两级质子加速（英文）北大核心CSCD

研究了激光辐射压驱动的两级质子加速的相关问题。当超短超强激光脉冲与处在背景等离子体前方的薄固体平靶相互作用时,在固体靶后部形成一个电子层-离子层组成的双层结构。在激光的不断推进下,双层结构在背景等离子体里以一定速度传播,可以看成运动在背景等离子体中的电场。这样,在背景等离子体中的质子被这个运动电场捕获并能加速到很高的能量。通过二维PIC模拟方法和理论分析研究了质子加速的相关问题。研究结果表明,被加速质子的最大能量达到20GeV。     

基于半解析自洽理论研究相对论激光脉冲驱动下阿秒X射线源的产生

发展了一种描述相对论激光脉冲与稠密等离子体相互作用产生阿秒X射线源的半解析自洽理论.该理论模型不仅可以获得等离子体界面的振荡轨迹、振荡面电场和磁场等物理参数,而且能够精确计算出激光脉冲驱动下阿秒X射线源的频谱,结果与粒子模拟程序一致.理论计算结果表明阿秒X射线源的辐射特性与等离子体界面随时演化过程相关,在周期量级激光场驱动下等离子体界面振荡振幅呈现中心不对称,通过改变激光场的载波包络相位实现对等离子体界面振荡的控制,获得准单阿秒X射线源.     

Model of a microwave beam coupling to CO2 laser plasma

We have designed a transmission line model of the microwave coupling mechanism for a microwave pumped CO₂ laser. The model is a total loss ridge waveguide transmission line having nonuniform impedance. The laser plasma is modeled as a frequency-dependent lossy dielectric and acts as a distributed resistance in the length of the microwave cavity. The coupling structure of the microwaves is designed not to be resonant at the microwave source frequency of 2.45 GHz at 1 kW and propagating the total microwave field energy to be absorbed without internal reflection. An exact solution to this general transmission line propagation constant for a shunt resistance along length of the guide is found. The measurements and predictions of the parameters of the plasma conductivity as a function of the attenuation constant agree closely.     

激光等离子体效应对细胞烧蚀特性研究

研究对比了激光直接辐照、聚焦辐照以及激光等离子体辐照三种辐照方式下,洋葱表皮细胞的烧蚀特征,并基于激光辐照的热力学特性对细胞的温升以及相变过程进行分析。观察发现： 直接辐照对细胞的杀伤效果很不明显;聚焦辐照会引起焦点附近细胞的断裂以及脱水;激光等离子体辐照作用下,细胞会呈现大面积的去除,断裂边缘粗糙,且细胞层有叠加现象。理论分析发现,激光等离子体具有热效应、辐射电离及冲击波效应等,会增加激光脉冲能量到细胞的沉积、以及对细胞冲击剥离等,从而会大大增加细胞的杀伤范围和效率,可用于对细胞进行大面积杀伤。     

激光诱导等离子体加工石英微通道机理研究

利用调Q的Nd: YAG激光器输出的纳秒激光脉冲诱导等离子体加工石英微通道, 显微镜下观察微通道深度可达4 mm, 通道周围没有发现热裂纹, 围绕通道内壁产生了固化层. 研究了纳秒脉冲下固体材料损伤的电离机理. 波长为1064 nm, 光强不很强的纳秒脉冲作用时, 光学击穿中等离子体的形成主要是雪崩电离的结果, 利用雪崩击穿的阈值理论得到了等离子体形成模型, 求出了等离子体形成范围, 理论模型结果与实验结果基本相符.最后基于激光支持的爆轰波模型, 利用流体力学理论求出了等离子体的温度、 速度、 压强等特征参数, 并分析了微通道的特点.高温高压的等离子体烧蚀出石英微通道, 等离子通过后, 在冲击波压力作用下微通道内壁熔化的 石英凝固形成固化层.     

Extreme ultraviolet interferometry of warm dense matter in laser plasmas

We demonstrate that interferometric probing with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) laser light enables determination of the degree of ionization of the "warm dense matter" produced between the critical and ablation surfaces of laser plasmas. Interferometry has been utilized to measure both transmission and phase information for an EUV laser beam at the photon energy of 58.5 eV, probing longitudinally through laser-irradiated plastic (parylene-N) targets (thickness 350 nm) irradiated by a 300 ps duration pulse of wavelength 438 nm and peak irradiance 10(12) W cm(-2). The transmission of the EUV probe beam provides a measure of the rate of target ablation, as ablated plasma becomes close to transparent when the photon energy is less than the ionization energy of the predominant ion species. We show that refractive indices η below the solid parylene N (η(solid) = 0.946) and expected plasma values are produced in the warm dense plasma created by laser irradiation due to bound-free absorption in C(+).     

纳秒激光单脉冲烧蚀硅表面的超快成像研究

利用ICCD可以在纳秒时间尺度下成像的特点,以飞秒准连续激光产生的超短脉冲光为探测光,对纳秒激光单脉冲烧蚀硅靶表面的演化过程进行动态监测。在能量密度为50J／cm^2时,捕获了纳秒单脉冲激光烧蚀硅靶面过程中等离子体演化的时间分辨图像。图像表明,纳秒激光烧蚀硅靶产生的等离子体开始时密度大,膨胀速度快,当纳秒激光脉冲过后,等离子体不再产生,并且其膨胀速度不再增加,直至完全消失。