Novel All Digital Scheme for Open Loop Fiber Optic Gyroscopes

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高准确度光纤陀螺中相位调制的控制研究

在相位调制器基础上,提出了围绕干涉型光纤陀螺的闭环控制方案.对高准确度光纤陀螺中Y波导集成光学器件的调制特性及系统测试方法进行了研究,对其应用及光路各环节配合的技术进行了探讨,对该器件在光纤陀螺系统中的特性和测试系统进行讨论.在高准确度光纤陀螺中取得明显效果.目前,工程样机的零偏稳定性已达到0.02°/h.     

Space radiation effect on fibre optical gyroscope control circuit and compensation algorithm

The process of a γ-irradiation experiment of fibre optical gyroscope （FOG） control circuit was described, in which it is demonstrated that the FOG control circuit, except for D/A converter, could endure the dose of 10krad with the protection of cabin material. The distortion and drift in D/A converter due to radiation, which affect the performance of FOG seriously, was indicated based on the elemental analysis. Finally, a compensation network based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system is proposed and its function is verified by simulation.     

Y波导调制器残余强度调制研究

为提高Y波导调制器调制性能从而提高光纤陀螺的整体性能,分析了用于光纤陀螺的Y波导相位调制器残余强度调制产生的机理,即存在波导缺陷以及基底杂散光反射;阐述了残余强度调制对光纤陀螺系统特性的影响,残余强度调制主要影响光纤陀螺的标度因素;测试了不同Y波导残余强度调制的波形特性和它的线性分量及干涉分量大小,不同Y波导残余强度调制大小差异较大,性能好的Y波导残余强度调制大小可以控制在1‰以内;测试了温度对残余强度调制波形特性的影响,残余强度调制受温度影响较大,极端温差下残余强度调制大小波动可达20%;根据残余强度调制的产生机理和线性干涉分量比的大小,提出改进Y波导制作工艺的措施,以期提高Y波导的调制性能。     

光纤陀螺数字闭环控制系统模型实验研究

数字闭环光纤陀螺的动态性能受控制系统设计的影响.根据光纤陀螺数字闭环检测过程,建立了控制系统的数学模型.为在全频带内对模型进行验证,提出了基于Faraday效应的光纤陀螺频率响应测试方法,对该测试方法与角振动台测试方法的等效性进行了分析.设计了频率响应测试系统,测试范围大于50 kHz,波形失真小于0.1%.实测了采用一阶积分控制算法的数字闭环光纤陀螺频率响应.实验结果表明模型误差小于8%.     

光纤陀螺中一种光相位差跟踪方法

对光纤陀螺中相位差的检测是得到所需角速度的基础。简要分析了陀螺输出信号的特点：噪声大、非线性、周期性,以及这些特点对检测有效信号的影响。提出了一种单通通光相位差跟踪的方法。这种方法采用正弦调制,通过对信号（包括输出信号和跟踪信号）的三角和乘法运算,并在必要的环节进行滤波得到光相位差。它能够解决光纤陀螺动态范围和刻度因子线性度问题,并具有简明、成本低、易实现的特点。最后进行了相位跟踪的计算机模拟和电路的实现,并给出了实验结果。     

Photon-counting distribution under square-wave intensity modulation

Periodic modulation effects on a photon-counting distribution were experimentally obtained from an intensity- stabilized tungsten lamp having a superimposed square-wave intensity modulation of 100% depth and 3.33 msec period, for variable observation time intervals from 0.2 to 10 msec. The observed distributions and variances were in good agreement with those calculated from the theoretical equation.     

Suprathreshold effects of adaptation produced by amplitude modulation

This work extends the study of adaptation to amplitude modulation (AM) to the perception of highly detectable modulation. A fixed-level matching procedure was used to find perceptually equivalent modulation depths for 16-Hz modulation imposed on a 1-kHz standard and a 4-kHz comparison. The modulation depths in the two stimuli were compared before and after a 10-min exposure to a 1-kHz tone (adaptor) 100% modulated in amplitude at different rates. For modulation depths of 63% (20 log m = -4) and smaller, the perceived modulation depth was reduced after exposure to the adaptor that was modulated at the same rate as the standard. The size of this reduction expressed as a difference between the post- and pre-exposure AM depths was similar to the increase in AM-detection threshold observed after adaptation. Postexposure suprathreshold modulation depth was not appreciably reduced when the modulation depth of the standard was large (approached 100%). A much smaller or no reduction in the perceived modulation depth was also observed when the modulation rates of the adaptor and the standard tone were different. The tuning of the observed effect of the adaptor appears to be much sharper than the tuning shown by modulation-masking results.     

多尺度变步长最小均方自适应算法在光纤陀螺数据处理中的应用

为有效抑制光纤陀螺(FOG)随机噪声,提出将一种多尺度变步长最小均方(MVSLMS)自适应算法应用于FOG数据处理中。根据FOG输出数据的特点,构建了MVSLMS自适应滤波器,提出了FOG信号滤波算法的实现步骤。对FOG实测静态数据、振动数据和速率测试数据进行了滤波实验,结果表明所提算法对FOG随机噪声的抑制效果明显,相比LMS滤波,MVSLMS自适应滤波后的静态数据零偏稳定性数值减小了72.0%,振动数据在振前、振中、振后零偏稳定性数值分别减小91.5%,77.4%和96.5%,速率测试数据标准差减小了54.4%。摇摆测试滤波实验结果表明所用算法对FOG真值信号具有较好的跟踪能力。     

相对论速调管中间腔与调制电子束间的非线性互作用

在强流相对论电子束驱动的相对论速调管放大器中, 由于强流和高场强的影响, 尤其是中间腔具有高Q值, 微波腔与电子束之间的非线性作用很明显, 严重影响器件性能. 根据麦克斯韦方程组以及电子在微波场作用下运动方程给出了中间腔的束-波互作用自洽方程. 从这些方程出发, 研究了调制深度和调制频率对间隙电压幅度和相位的影响. 对比常规速调管的等效电路模型, 自洽公式给出的间隙电压幅值同粒子模拟结果更接近, 尤其是较高调制深度的情况. 同时器件带宽随调制深度的增加而变宽, 这也同粒子模拟结果一致. 由此设计了一个S波段高增益相对论放大器, 在LTD (长脉冲螺旋线)加速器上开展了相应的实验工作, 实验上获得了1.1 GW的输出功率, 器件增益49 dB. 关键词： 相对论速调管 非线性互作用 自洽方程     

Modulation masking: effects of modulation frequency, depth, and phase

Modulation thresholds were measured for a sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) broadband noise in the presence of a SAM broadband background noise with a modulation depth (mm) of 0.00, 0.25, or 0.50, where the condition mm = 0.00 corresponds to standard (unmasked) modulation detection. The modulation frequency of the masker was 4, 16, or 64 Hz; the modulation frequency of the signal ranged from 2-512 Hz. The greatest amount of modulation masking (masked threshold minus unmasked threshold) typically occurred when the signal frequency was near the masker frequency. The modulation masking patterns (amount of modulation masking versus signal frequency) for the 4-Hz masker were low pass, whereas the patterns for the 16- and 64-Hz maskers were somewhat bandpass (although not strictly so). In general, the greater the modulation depth of the masker, the greater the amount of modulation masking (although this trend was reversed for the 4-Hz masker at high signal frequencies). These modulation-masking data suggest that there are channels in the auditory system which are tuned for the detection of modulation frequency, much like there are channels (critical bands or auditory filters) tuned for the detection of spectral frequency.     

Crosstalk-Free Condition for Land/Groove Recording of Optical Discs

A simple equation which gives the crosstalk-free condition for land/groove recording of optical discs is deduced. Making use of this equation, the groove depth which minimizes the crosstalk from adjacent tracks is easily calculated. For simultaneous suppression of both the on-groove crosstalk and the on-land crosstalk, two practical approaches are proposed for the phase modulation discs. This equation is also of use in the signal estimation of optical discs.     

基于温度激励的光纤陀螺光纤环瞬态特性检测

光纤陀螺基于萨尼亚克效应测量垂直于光纤环平面的敏感轴方向上的旋转分量。光纤环是光纤陀螺的核心部件,光纤环的缠绕质量直接影响着光纤陀螺的整体性能,对光纤环的缠绕质量全面检测十分必要。针对目前光纤环检测手段的局限性,提出了一种基于温度激励的光纤陀螺光纤环瞬态特性检测方法,全面表征了光纤环的缠绕质量。建立了光纤环柱面坐标三维计算模型,采用有限元方法定量分析光纤环不对称度和局部温度激励位置精度对光纤环瞬态响应的影响,同时开展了光纤环温度激励相应实验,实验结果与光纤环三维物理模型数值计算结果相一致,在理论和实验上验证了光纤环瞬态特性检测方法的可行性。     

电光相位调制器谐波响应对光纤陀螺的影响

从电光相位调制器的谐波响应出发,对干涉型光纤陀螺信号零偏、零漂的产生来源进行了探讨.用干涉理论和正弦波调制解调分析从原理上指出调制器的振幅与相位两种谐波可产生陀螺信号的零偏和零漂.根据调制器典型数据所做的模拟与人为加入温漂时所得的试验结果相当吻合.从而证实调制器谐波响应是产生陀螺信号偏移和漂移的主要原因,为减小光纤陀螺零偏和零漂提供了一条新思路.     

Spin-wave spectrum of an ideal multilayer magnet upon modulation of all parameters of the Landau-Lifshitz equation

The spectrum of exchange spin waves in a multilayer magnet is theoretically investigated without regard for dissipation upon periodic modulation of all magnetic material parameters (uniaxial anisotropy constant, exchange interaction constant, saturation magnetization, gyromagnetic ratio) entering into the Landau-Lifshitz equation. A graphical method is proposed for analyzing the dependence of the propagation of spin waves on the depth of modulation of the material parameters. Practical application of the results obtained and the effect of dissipation on the propagation of spin waves in the system are discussed.     

用单轴转台标定光纤陀螺捷联系统的方法

针对以六面体作为安装支架的三轴光纤陀螺捷联系统,提出了一种用单轴转台作为标定设备的低成本标定方法。六面体支架有3个面为未安装陀螺的平面,需用游标量角器量出这3个面的相互夹角,并根据这3个面建立机体坐标系,在该坐标系下给出了陀螺输出模型。标定时依次将六面体的3个平面贴于单轴转台的台面进行标定实验,推导了光纤陀螺标度因数和安装误差的求解公式。对标定的精度进行了分析,并与传统的方法对比做了实验验证,结果表明该方法可满足系统要求。     

Nonlinear Fabry-Perot resonator with a silicon photonic crystal waveguide

We derive an equation that describes the nonlinear operation of a Fabry-Perot resonator with a large group index waveguide. Specifically, a silicon photonic crystal microcavity with two-photon-excited free carrier nonlinearity and Kerr nonlinearity is assumed. The equation clearly explains the bistability of the device and the reduction of the required pump energy for a specific nonlinear phase shift at an appropriate phase detuning from the resonance. We present a simple procedure to predict the required optical pump energy for the modulation and the resulting modulation depth by use of the equation and the device parameters.     

Steady dark solitary waves emerging from wave-generated meanflow: the role of modulation equations

Various classes of steady and unsteady dark solitary waves (DSWs) are known to exist in modulation equations for water waves in finite depth. However, there is a class of steady DSWS of the full water-wave problem which are missed by the classical modulation equations such as the Hasimoto-Ono, Benney-Roskes, and Davey-Stewartson. These steady DSWs, recently discovered by Bridges and Donaldson, are pervasive in finite depth, arise through secondary criticality of Stokes gravity waves, and are synchronized with the Stokes wave. In this paper, the role of DSWs in modulation equations for water waves is reappraised. The intrinsic unsteady nature of existing modulation equations filters out some interesting solutions. On the other hand, the geometry of DSWs in modulation equations is very similar to the full water wave problem and these geometrical properties are developed. A model equation is proposed which illustrates the general nature of the emergence of steady DSWs due to wave-generated mean flow coupled to a periodic wave. Although the existing modulation equations are intrinsically unsteady, it is shown that there are also important shortcomings when one wants to use them for stability analysis of DSWs.     

光纤陀螺在转台测试中的应用

光纤陀螺是一种速率陀螺,其适合用来对转台作低速测试.根据转台所用编码器的参数,分析了转台不同角速率下光纤陀螺所需的数据刷新率及陀螺零偏稳定性对测量结果的影响.用光纤陀螺测量了转台以1°/s角速率转动时的角速率波动,对陀螺输出数据作了功率谱分析,并与示波器直接测量的结果进行了对比,结果表明光纤陀螺的测量结果是正确的;应用光纤陀螺对转台以(0.05°/s,1°/s)范围内固定角速率转动时的角速率波动进行了测量,通过对测量结果的分析表明:光纤陀螺可以用于转台的测试,它能测量出转台低速转动时的角速率波动;最后给出了光纤陀螺对转台角速率测试的下限.     

基于Allan方差的光纤陀螺随机漂移建模与仿真

随机漂移是影响光纤陀螺精度的主要因素之一,建立陀螺随机漂移模型以便在滤波时加以修正是提高系统精度的有效方法。针对传统随机漂移模型建模耗时长、过敏感等问题,提出基于Allan方差的光纤陀螺随机漂移模型。通过各噪声项的功率谱密度函数推导出随机微分方程,用Allan方差分析出光纤陀螺各噪声项量化参数,将量化参数代入以单位白噪声驱动的随机微分方程,得到随机漂移模型。实验结果表明,该模型拟合出的随机漂移单项噪声误差不超过8.6％,远低于传统模型产生的单项噪声误差58.3％,是一种有效的光纤陀螺随机漂移建模方法。