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采用分子动力学方法研究了流体在非对称浸润性粗糙纳米通道内的流动与传热过程,分析了两侧壁面浸润性不对称对流体速度滑移和温度阶跃的影响,以及非对称浸润性组合对流体内部热量传递的影响.研究结果表明,纳米通道主流区域的流体速度在外力作用下呈抛物线分布,但是纳米通道上下壁面浸润性不对称导致速度分布不呈中心对称,同时通道壁面的纳米结构也会限制流体的流动.流体在流动过程中产生黏性耗散,使流体温度升高.增强冷壁面的疏水性对近热壁面区域的流体速度几乎没有影响,滑移速度和滑移长度基本不变,始终为锁定边界,但是会导致近冷壁面区域的流体速度逐渐增大,对应的滑移速度和滑移长度随之增大.此时,近冷壁面区域的流体温度逐渐超过近热壁面区域的流体温度,流体出现反转温度分布,流体内部热流逆向传递.随着两侧壁面浸润性不对称程度增加,流体反转温度分布更加明显. 相似文献
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采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了液态氩在铂纳米通道内的流动,通过改变流体和壁面之间的势能作用获得了流体和通道表面之间浸润性质不同时的滑移现象. 研究发现:液体分子在亲水性通道表面附近呈类固体性质,数密度和有序性较大,而在疏水性表面附近的平均数密度降低,形成一个低密度层;液体流动在固体表面的速度滑移随着液体与表面势能作用的增强而减小,当液体和表面的浸润性不同时可以发生滑移、表观无滑移和负滑移现象;液体在固体表面的表观滑移是液体在固体表面的速度滑移、粘附和流体内部滑移的综合作用的结果.
关键词:
纳米尺度流动
速度滑移
浸润性
分子动力学模拟 相似文献
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针对双尺度结构表面疏油特性的优异性,采用分子动力学的方法建立油液流体正十六烷烃分子模型,研究双尺度结构壁面润湿性影响下的纳米通道内流体的流动特性,通过对通道壁面亲疏油性下的双尺度结构的构建,与光滑壁面和单尺度壁面进行比较来探究双尺度纳米通道表面结构影响下油液流体在纳米通道内密度分布、速度分布、速度滑移和滑移长度的影响.模拟结果表明:对于亲油通道壁面,双尺度结构壁面亲油性明显加强,主流区域流体密度、流体速度和速度滑移都减小,甚至出现负滑移;而对于疏油通道壁面,双尺度分层结构能加强壁面的疏油性,通道内壁面形成稳定的气层使流体主流区域的密度增大,并且通道内流体的速度、速度滑移和滑移长度明显大于光滑和单尺度结构壁面.因此,纳米通道内双尺度结构能改变通道壁面的润湿性,并且能够加强流体在纳米疏油通道内的滑移减阻效应,为纳米通道内油液运输以及润滑薄膜减阻提供了设计基础. 相似文献
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运用分子动力学方法探索了水-黑磷流-固界面各向异性、水流驱动力、黑磷通道宽度和黑磷层数等对黑磷通道内Poiseuille水流流动特性的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着驱动力的增加,边界滑移速度随之增加各向异性也会对压力驱动作用下纳米通道内的水分子的流动特性产生影响,具体表现为边界滑移速度会随着手性角度的增加而减小,而水分子黏度系数却不受各向异性的影响.发现黑磷表面天然的褶皱结构所产生的粗糙势能表面,是导致流固界面各向异性特性的本质原因.在加速度值保持不变的情况下,研究纳米通道宽度和黑磷层数对水分子流动特性的影响,发现随着纳米通道宽度的增加,水分子滑移速度随之减小;双层模型中水分子的速度分布与单层模型差异微小,而随着层数的增加,黑磷-水流固交互界面能随之增加,各向异性规律依然保持不变.研究结果将为水-黑磷流体器件设计与制备提供理论基础. 相似文献
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The Boltzmann simplified velocity distribution function equation describing the gas transfer phenomena from various flow regimes
will be explored and solved numerically in this study. The discrete velocity ordinate method of the gas kinetic theory is
studied and applied to simulate the complex multi-scale flows. Based on the uncoupling technique on molecular movement and
colliding in the DSMC method, the gas-kinetic finite difference scheme is constructed to directly solve the discrete velocity
distribution functions by extending and applying the unsteady time-splitting method from computational fluid dynamics. The
Gauss-type discrete velocity numerical quadrature technique for different Mach number flows is developed to evaluate the macroscopic
flow parameters in the physical space. As a result, the gas-kinetic numerical algorithm is established to study the three-dimensional
complex flows from rarefied transition to continuum regimes. The parallel strategy adapted to the gas-kinetic numerical algorithm
is investigated by analyzing the inner parallel degree of the algorithm, and then the HPF parallel processing program is developed.
To test the reliability of the present gas-kinetic numerical method, the three-dimensional complex flows around sphere and
spacecraft shape with various Knudsen numbers are simulated by HPF parallel computing. The computational results are found
in high resolution of the flow fields and good agreement with the theoretical and experimental data. The computing practice
has confirmed that the present gas-kinetic algorithm probably provides a promising approach to resolve the hypersonic aerothermodynamic
problems with the complete spectrum of flow regimes from the gas-kinetic point of view of solving the Boltzmann model equation.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90205009 and 10321002) and the National Parallel
Computing Center 相似文献
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考虑转动能的一维/二维Boltzmann-Rykov模型方程数值算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究考虑转动能的Boltzmann-Rykov模型方程,基于转动自由度对气体分子速度分布函数矩积分,引入约化速度分布函数,应用离散速度坐标法与数值积分技术,将气体运动论模型方程化为在离散速度坐标点处关于三个约化速度分布函数的联立方程组.应用拓展计算流体力学有限差分方法,数值计算考虑转动自由度的双原子气体一维、二维Boltzmann模型方程,得到高、低Knudsen数一维激波管内流动和二维竖直平板绕流问题的流场,分析验证考虑转动能的Boltzmann-Rykov模型方程全流域统一算法求解一维/二维气体流动问题的可靠性.结果表明,气体稀薄程度与分子内自由度对流场具有较大影响,且Knudsen数较高的稀薄气体流动呈现严重的非平衡流动特点. 相似文献
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The mean transverse velocity and elliptic flow of light fragments (A≤2) as a function of transverse radius are studied for 25 MeV/nucleon <'64>Cu+<'64>Cu collisions with impact parameters 3-5 fm by the isospin- dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. By comparison between the in-plane and the out-of-plane transverse velocities, the elliptic flow dependence on the transverse radius can be understood qualitatively, and variation of the direction of the resultant force on the fragments can be investigated qualitatively. 相似文献
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使用基于速度面元法的势流数值模拟方法,以NREL PhaseⅥ为例进行了叶片气动载荷和风轮近尾流场的数值模拟。将势流数值模拟、叶素动量理论和计算流体力学CFD方法的计算结果与实验数据进行了对比分析。结果表明使用速度面元法计算风轮绕流场具有较高的计算精度和求解效率,为大规模风力机群的流场计算和出力预报提供支撑。 相似文献
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Maximum blood velocity estimates are frequently required in diagnostic applications, including carotid stenosis evaluation, arteriovenous fistula inspection, and maternal-fetal examinations. However, the currently used methods for ultrasound measurements are inaccurate and often rely on applying heuristic thresholds to a Doppler power spectrum. A new method that uses a mathematical model to predict the correct threshold that should be used for maximum velocity measurements has recently been introduced. Although it is a valuable and deterministic tool, this method is limited to parabolic flows insonated by uniform pressure fields. In this work, a more generalized technique that overcomes such limitations is presented. The new approach, which uses an extended Doppler spectrum model, has been implemented in an experimental set-up based on a linear array probe that transmits defocused steered waves. The improved model has been validated by Field II simulations and phantom experiments on tubes with diameters between 2 mm and 8 mm. Using the spectral threshold suggested by the new model significantly higher accuracy estimates of the peak velocity can be achieved than are now clinically attained, including for narrow beams and non-parabolic velocity profiles. In particular, an accuracy of +1.2 ± 2.5 cm/s has been obtained in phantom measurements for velocities ranging from 20 to 80 cm/s. This result represents an improvement that can significantly affect the way maximum blood velocity is investigated today. 相似文献
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以激光Doppler效应为原理,结合可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术的窄线宽、可调谐优势, 可实现高速气流流速的实时在线检测.介绍了流速测量的基本原理和方法,搭建了双光路流速测量系统, 利用DFB激光器对位于1398 nm处的水汽吸收线进行10 kHz快速扫描,获得高速气流的实时光谱信息, 并根据两路吸光度曲线之间的Doppler频移来反演气流流速.介绍了频率标定和Doppler频移测量的方法. 在风洞上进行了流速测量验证性实验,将流速测量结果与理论计算结果进行了对比,二者之间符合得较好, 初步证明了该方法的可行性.分析了系统的性能及可能引起流速测量误差的因素,以便系统进一步优化. 相似文献
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气液两相流在工业各领域中广泛存在,而声速是描述其声学性质的一个重要参数。本文从流体的体积弹性模量的定义出发,推导了气液两相流中的声速随含气率的变化关系式,即混合流体的Wood声速公式,将其声速的部分计算结果和其他作者的实验数据进行了比较,吻合良好。并通过COMSOL有限元模拟软件得到不同气体分布下圆管谐振腔最低阶模式的共振频率,间接数值模拟研究了含气率对声速的影响。模拟结果与理论计算结果一致,当气液两相流中含气率较低时,声速随含气率的增大急剧减小。本研究结果为确定声速与气液两相流中的含气率间的关系提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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In this paper, we propose a lattice Boltzmann BGK model for simulation of micro flows with heat transfer based on kinetic
theory and the thermal lattice Boltzmann method (He et al., J. Comp. Phys. 146:282, 1998). The relaxation times are redefined in terms of the Knudsen number and a diffuse scattering boundary condition
(DSBC) is adopted to consider the velocity slip and temperature jump at wall boundaries. To check validity and potential of
the present model in modelling the micro flows, two two-dimensional micro flows including thermal Couette flow and thermal
developing channel flow are simulated and numerical results obtained compare well with previous studies of the direct simulation
Monte Carlo (DSMC), molecular dynamics (MD) approaches and the Maxwell theoretical analysis 相似文献
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研究两相流中固粒对流体湍动特性影响的新方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文提出了计算两相流中固粒对流体湍动特性影响的一种新方法,得到不同情况下固粒对流体端动特性的影响。将该方法用于槽流湍流场的求解,说明该方法是可行的。 相似文献
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用格子Boltzmann模型模拟可压缩完全气体流动 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用一种新的格子Boltzmann模型模拟超音速流动。在这种模型中,粒子的速度不受限制,可以取得很广。而平衡分布函数的支集却相对集中,使模型得以简化。粒子速度的这种自适应特性允许流体以较高的马赫数流动。通过引入粒子的势能使得该模型适用于具有任意比热比的完全气体。利用Chapman-Enskog方法,从BGK型Boltzmann方程推导出Navier-Stokes方程。在六边形网格上模拟了马赫数为3的前台阶绕流,得到了合理的结果。 相似文献