小尺寸单轴应变Si PMOS沟道晶面/晶向选择实验新发现

小尺寸单轴应变Si p型金属氧化物半导体(PMOS)沟道反型层迁移率与晶面/晶向密切相关,应变PMOS优化设计时应合理选择沟道的晶面/晶向.目前,文献已有1.5 GPa应力强度下单轴应变Si PMOS沟道反型层迁移率按晶面/晶向排序的理论模型.然而,在器件实际制造过程中,覆盖SiN应力膜工艺是固定的,由于沟道弹性劲度系数具有各向异性,这样,不同晶面/晶向应变PMOS沟道所受应力强度不同,进而导致在实际工艺下沟道反型层迁移率晶面/晶向排序理论模型"失效".针对该问题,本文采用中国科学院微电子研究所40 nm工艺流程制备了不同晶面/晶向40 nm沟道小尺寸单轴应变Si PMOS与未应变Si PMOS,并通过器件转移特性测试,获得了小尺寸单轴应变Si PMOS反型层迁移率晶面/晶向排序结论.此有关小尺寸单轴应变Si PMOS沟道反型层迁移率晶面/晶向排序的相关结论,由于考虑了工艺实现因素,与文献理论预测排序结果相比,更适于指导实际器件制造;相关分析方法也可为其他应变材料沟道MOS相关问题的解决提供重要技术参考.     

Dynamics of topological solitons in models with nonlocal interactions

A nondissipative generalization of the sine-Gordon equation to cases with nonlocal interactions is analyzed. A model of this sort is shown to describe signal propagation in a Josephson transmission line with a nonlocal inductive coupling. The incorporation of nonlocal interactions changes the properties of the model in a qualitative way, leading in particular to the appearance of some new soliton entities: 2kpi kinks, where k greater, similar 1. These entities do not arise in a local model. They are evolutionary, they interact with each other in a quasielastic fashion, and they can be generated in a corresponding transmission line.     

等离子体有源透镜天线的特性分析

 应用高功率微波大气传输机理和等离子体物理理论，提出了一种新概念天线-等离子体有源透镜天线。简要概述了其实现方法，并对其反射、透射、吸收、工作带宽和最佳工作频率等特性参数进行了分析与计算。该天线根据需要可聚束ＨＰＭ工作波，也可将外来入侵的ＨＰＭ波聚束后发送回原处，可形成空间有源滤波等器件。     

Mobility of electrons upon scattering by a multicomponent correlated system of impurity centers

A system that contains two sorts of impurity centers spatially distributed in a random way is considered. Not all impurities of the first sort are ionized, and all the impurities of the second sort are ionized. Spatial correlations in the system of impurity ions of the first sort are investigated under conditions when the correlation radius of an impurity ion is limited from above due to a deficit of neutral impurities. The influence of randomly spatially arranged small-sized donors (impurities of the second sort) on correlations in the system of impurity ions is analyzed. The equations for describing the effect of small-sized donors on correlations in the system of impurity ions are obtained. The electron mobility at zero temperature is calculated by the example of HgSe: Fe (the correlated system of impurity centers consists of iron atoms and small-sized donors whose concentration is higher than the Mott concentration).     

三维十五点格子Boltzmann模型仿真

格子气和格子Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎｎ方法的迅速发展提供了一类求解流体力学问题的新方法。格子Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎｎ方法在保留了格子气模型优点的同时,克服了它的不足之处。本文讨论了一种三维十五点格子Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎｎ模型,通过选择适当的平衡分布及参数,并用Ｃｈａｐｍａｎ－Ｅｎｓｋｏｇ展开和多尺度技术导出了Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程．在微机上模拟了工程中比较常见的管排绕流问题,并与实验观察到的结果进行了比较,结果表明该模型能较好的模拟复杂流动现象,并具有较好的工程应用背景。     

恐龙不同部位化石的激光拉曼光谱

应用波长为785nm的激光拉曼光对来自武定九厂地区的两个不同部位的恐龙化石样品研究测试,首次在1000 cm-1~1800 cm-1波数段得到碳氢物质的拉曼峰图谱。在该波数范围内,颈椎化石和尾椎化石都有强、弱两类特征峰。它们的强特征峰与源地关系不大,即同一地区的化石特征峰并不很相似。弱拉曼峰与围岩的拉曼峰相似。恐龙化石的强拉曼峰来源于生物遗体分解剩下的碳氢类物质成分,弱拉曼峰源于石化过程中外部填充物质的成分。     

New bi-level programming model for routing and spectrum assignment in elastic optical network

The routing and spectrum assignment problems in elastic optical networks are well-known NP-hard problem, and are even more complex and challenging when the energy consumption is taken into account. To tackle this challenging problem, we establish a bi-level programming model with the energy consumption of the optical networks and the maximum index of used frequency slots as the leader’s and follower’s objectives to be minimized, respectively, which are used to determine the optimal schemes of routing and spectrum assignments. To solve the model effectively, a hybrid genetic algorithm framework integrating a heuristic algorithm into a genetic algorithm is proposed. We use heuristic algorithm to sort the connection requests and design a genetic algorithm with tailor-made crossover, mutation and local search operator to look for an optimal routing and spectrum assignment scheme. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted, and the experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithms.     

Phase Diagram of a Two-Species Lattice Model with a Linear Instability

We discuss the properties of a one-dimensional lattice model of a driven system with two species of particles in which the mobility of one species depends on the density of the other. This model was introduced by Lahiri and Ramaswamy ( Phys . Rev. Lett ., 79 , 1150 (1997)) in the context of sedimenting colloidal crystals, and its continuum version was shown to exhibit an instability arising from linear gradient couplings. In this paper we review recent progress in understanding the full phase diagram of the model. There are three phases. In the first, the steady state can be determined exactly along a representative locus using the condition of detailed balance. The system shows phase separation of an exceptionally robust sort, termed strong phase separation, which survives at all temperatures. The second phase arises in the threshold case where the first species evolves independently of the second, but the fluctuations of the first influence the evolution of the second, as in the passive scalar problem. The second species then shows phase separation of a delicate sort, in which long-range order coexists with fluctuations which do not damp down in the large-size limit. This fluctuation-dominated phase ordering is associated with power law decays in cluster size distributions and a breakdown of the Porod law. The third phase is one with a uniform overall density, and along a representative locus the steady state is shown to have product measure form. Density fluctuations are transported by two kinematic waves, each involving both species and coupled at the nonlinear level. Their dissipation properties are governed by the symmetries of these couplings, which depend on the overall densities. In the most interesting case, the dissipation of the two modes is characterized by different critical exponents, despite the nonlinear coupling.     

Fragile Mott insulators

We prove that there exists a class of crystalline insulators, which we call "fragile Mott insulators," which are not adiabatically connected to any sort of band insulator provided time-reversal and certain point-group symmetries are respected, but which are otherwise unspectacular in that they exhibit no topological order nor any form of fractionalized quasiparticles. Different fragile Mott insulators are characterized by different nontrivial one-dimensional representations of the crystal point group. We illustrate this new type of insulators with two examples: the d Mott insulator discovered in the checkerboard Hubbard model at half-filling and the Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki insulator on the square lattice.     

On Matter and Metric in Affine Theory of Gravity

The affine theory was conceived as a geometric model, wherein the connection field is the primary structure of the space-time. According to the program lying on the basis of this theory, metric and some sort of matter are somehow to be deduced from the connection field. In the present paper, we point out classical ways to a realization of this program. It is shown that, even in that case where the introduction of the metric seems to exclude the coupling of gravity to matter, the situation is not so hopeless as one may assume. In particular, for a symmetric Einstein tensor, it is answered the old question as to a self-consistent introduction of a metric and a metrical energy-momentum tensor controversially debated by Einstein, Eddington, and Weyl.     

Time reversal and charge echo in an electron gas

Apart from subtle violations of CP symmetry by the weak interactions, the basic laws of physics are time-reversal invariant. Nevertheless, in the macroscopic world, time has a very definite direction, or arrow. Given that the dynamics of a closed system are time-reversal invariant, the arrow of time is introduced through boundary or initial conditions. In this Letter it is argued that if the Hamiltonian for a system, H, has the property THT(-1)=-H for a unitary transformation T, then the system can, in principle, be made to evolve backward in time. The prototype of this sort of behavior is the spin echo. Calculations for a single-band tight-binding model suggest that it may be possible to observe the electronic counterpart, or charge echo.     

A spatial network explanation for a hierarchy of urban power laws

Power laws in socioeconomic systems are generally explained as being generated by multiplicative growth of aggregate objects. In this paper we formulate a model of geographic activity distribution with spatial correlations on the level of land lots where multiplicative growth is assumed to be dominant but not exclusive. The purpose is to retain the explanatory power of earlier models due to Simon, Gibrat and others while attaining some additional properties that are attractive for both empirical and modelling purposes. In this sense, the model presented here is a combination of the two factors that have been identified as central to urban evolution but rarely appear unified in the same model: transportation costs and multiplicative growth. The model is an elaboration of a previously reported complex network model of geographical land value evolution. We reproduce statistical properties of an empirical geographical distribution of land values on multiple hierarchical levels: land value per unit area, cluster areas, aggregated land value per cluster and cluster area/perimeter ratios. It is found that transportation effects are not strong enough to disturb the power law distribution of land values per unit area but strong enough to sort nodes to generate a new set of power laws on a higher level of aggregation. The main hypothesis is that all these relations can be understood as consequences of an underlying growing scale-free network of geographic economic interdependencies.     

Mott transition in the asymmetric Hubbard model at half-filling within dynamical mean-field theory

The asymmetric Hubbard model with hopping integrals dependent on an electron spin (particle sort) is studied using an approximate analytic method within the dynamical mean-field theory. The equations of motion for Hubbard operators followed by projecting and different-time decoupling are used for solving the single-site problem. Particle spectra are investigated at half-filling within various approximations (Hubbard-I, alloy-analogy and a generalization of the Hubbard-III approximation). At half-filling these approximations can describe only continuous gap opening in the spectrum. The approach is used to describe the system between two limit cases (the Falicov-Kimball model and the standard Hubbard model) with continuous transition where U_c is dependent on the value of hopping parameters of different particles.     

基于一种暗物质模型对通古斯大爆炸的解释

本文基于其中一种暗物质模型对通古斯大爆炸给出了较详细的新解释,认为通古斯火爆炸是由可成团暗物质形成的暗天体飞临地球造成的。     

Oscillations and fluctuations in a dissipative spin system

A dissipative spin system, which is also considered to be a model for optical fluorescence, is investigated from the viewpoint of Brownian motion of spins. The most probable path and the fluctuations are determined by the quantum mechanical version of the system size expansion method. For the most probable path, the flow lines as well as the time evolutions are obtained exactly. This system exhibits a sort of nonequilibrium phase transition as the strength of an external field exceeds the dissipation. The fluctuations show unusual behaviour associated with the Volterra-like oscillations above threshold.     

Decoherence Induced Equilibration

A pair of harmonic oscillators come in contact and then separate. This could be a model of an atom encountering an electromagnetic field. We explore the coherence properties of the resulting state as a function of the sort of initial condition used. A surprising result is that if one imagines a large collection of these objects repeatedly coming in contact and separating, the asymptotic distribution functions are not Boltzmann distributions, but rather exponentials with the same rate of dropoff.     

Stability of limit cycles in frictionally damped and aerodynamically unstable rotor stages

This paper deals with the stability of limit cycles (Steady-State Oscillations) associated with the multi-degree-of-freedom model of a frictionally damped and aerodynamically unstable rotor stage. By using the first order averaging technique, a generalized criterion has been established to sort out those unstable limit cycles which govern the maximum transient amplitude beyond which the rotor stage becomes unstable. The stability of the remaining steady-state solutions is analyzed by linearizing the averaged system of differential equations. Numerical results are discussed for three-, four- and five-bladed disks.     

两味LOFF态下的色超导

自从色超导理论被提出以来, 通常考虑的是参与配对的夸克的化学势不相等时的情形。 当化学势的差别达到某一合适值时, 库柏对就有非零的总动量, 这就是Larkin Ovchinnikov Fulde Ferre(LOFF)态。 这种形式的夸克凝聚自发破坏了平移不变性和旋转不变性, 导致能隙以晶格的形式周期性变化。 在中等重子数密度区的基础上, 从SU（2） NJL模型出发描述两味LOFF态, 并通过平均场近似, 引用N G基底、 傅立叶变换和频率求和等方法得到热力学势, 进而通过热力学势对序参量求偏导得到耦合的Gap方程, 并使用数值法解耦合方程找到LOFF态的窗口。 Ever since the theory of color superconductivity was issued, it is likely to involve pairing between species of quarks with differing chemical potentials. For suitable values of the differences between chemical potentials, Cooper pairs with non zero total momentum are favored, as was first realized by Larkin, Ovchinnikov, Fulde and Ferrell (LOFF). Condensates of this sort spontaneously break translational and rotational invariance, leading to gaps which vary periodically in a crystalline pattern. This article focuses on the two flavor color superconducting phase at moderate baryon density. LOFF state is described through SU(2) NJL model. By using the mean field approximation, N G basis, fourier transformation, frequency summation, the thermodynamic potential and Gap equation are obtained. Finally, the window of LOFF state is found by the numerical method.     

自由曲面光学透镜的图像变换面形测量系统与精度建模

为了解决自由曲面光学透镜光学表面面形的高精度测量问题 ,提出了一种可用于自由曲面光学透镜面形测量的图像变换光学曲面面形测量系统。从测量系统的测量原理出发 ,分析了测量过程中各种误差对测量精度的影响 ,推导出了自由曲面光学透镜的图像变换面形测量系统的测量误差公式 ,建立了自由曲面光学透镜的图像变换面形测量系统的测量精度数学模型 ,得到了该测量系统具有很高测量精度的结论 ,并且用实验给予验证。     

Some exact results on the superpotential from Calabi-Yau compactifications

We prove that certain superpotential couplings in compactified string theories are given exactly by the values calculated at sigma-model tree level. In particular, the 27³ coupling in (2,2) compactifications is a coupling of this sort. We explicitly check our results by examining the couplings in an exactly soluble model proposed by Gepner as a particular point in the moduli space of (2,2) compactifications on Y_{4; 5}. We thus determine the exact values of the normalized 27³ couplings for any value of the radius of Y_{4; 5}.