Design of double-zone aspheric diffractive intraocular lens with extended depth of focus

A double-zone aspheric diffractive intraocular lens(IOL) was designed and manufactured aiming to regain a continuous range of clear vision for pseudophakic presbyopia. After obtaining the IOL structure parameters through optimization based on an aphakic model eye, its imaging performances were analyzed in the model eye. The modulation transfer function at 50 cycles∕mm remained above 0.29 within +5° field of view for object distance ranging from 6 to 0.66 m. In addition, the imaging qualities are robust for pupil changes, polychromatic light, and different corneal asphericities. The manufactured IOL exhibits the ability to extend depth of focus.     

Three-dimensional optical metrology with color-coded extended depth of focus

A novel method of rapid three-dimensional optical metrology that is based on triangulation of a configuration of color-coded light stripes is presented. The method exploits polychromatic illumination and a combined diffractive-refractive element, so the incident light is focused upon a stripe that is axially dispersed, greatly increasing the depth-measuring range without any decrease in the axial or the lateral resolution. The discrimination of each color stripe is further improved by spectral coding and decoding techniques. An 18-fold increase in the depth of focus was experimentally obtained while diffraction-limited light stripes were completely maintained.     

Ultrathin fiber probes with extended depth of focus for optical coherence tomography

We report on a novel scheme for extending the depth of focus (DOF) of ultrathin (125 μm diameter) fiber probes for optical coherence tomography (OCT) using a simple phase mask consisting of graded-index (GRIN) fiber. The technique is compatible with existing all-in-fiber probe fabrication techniques, and our simulations show that it can provide a DOF gain of ~2 at a modest ~5 dB reduction of peak sensitivity. In a prototype device using commercially available GRIN fiber, a DOF gain of 1.55 is obtained, validated by beam profiling and OCT imaging.     

Silicon-based transmissive diffractive optical element

A silicon nitride (SiNx) membrane diffractive optical element (DOE) designed to exhibit beam-splitting and focusing behavior at visible wavelengths has been fabricated and tested. Since the fabrication process is based on silicon micromachining technology, the DOE is easily integrated with a laser diode chip and a photodiode chip on a silicon substrate to function as the hologram-laser-photodiode unit for use in the pickup head of a CD or DVD system. The SiNx film is deposited with low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition and the free-standing membrane is formed by KOH etching. The transmissive DOE showed a high diffraction efficiency (>20% for a binary-phase-level element). The experimental evaluation was in good agreement with the designed and modeled predictions.     

Multifunctional double-layered diffractive optical element

We propose a novel multifunctional double-layered diffractive optical element (DOE) based on the fractional Talbot effect. This DOE consists of two layers: one is the encoding layer, in which multiple sub-DOEs, i.e., multiple optical functions, are encoded; the other is the decoding layer, which is a properly designed Talbot illuminator. This DOE can perform each of the multiple optical functions one by one by shifting the encoding layer. Experimental results demonstrate that this method is efficient. This device should be highly interesting for integrated optics, optical interconnection, secure optical storage, and dynamic optical fiber communications.     

Transverse superresolution with extended depth of focus using binary phase filters for optical storage system

This paper reports the study of superresolution and extension of depth of focus (DOF) of three-zone binary phase filters (BPFs) under high numerical aperture (NA) focusing. Two three-zone BPFs (BPF1 and BPF2) are specially designed to achieve transverse superresolution and extension of DOF simultaneously for the optical disc system with an objective lens of NA = 0.65. Numerical simulations based on the vectorial diffraction theory indicate that the transverse focal spot size of this system can be as small as that of NA = 0.85 and its DOF is as large as that of NA = 0.6 with acceptable Strehl ratios (> 0.4 for BPF1 and > 0.35 for BPF2) and low side-lobe intensity ratios (< 10%) by using these BPFs. It suggests that the storage capacity of this optical storage system may be improved to the same as that of a system with an objective lens of NA = 0.85. Moreover, the strict requirement of the focusing servo system caused by decreasing wavelength or employing higher NA objective lens can be mitigated. Therefore, these BPFs presented in this paper should be highly interesting for applications of high density optical data storage.     

Generation of optical vector beams with a diffractive optical element interferometer

We present a novel approach to generating radially and azimuthally polarized vector beams that utilize an interferometer constructed from two identical diffractive optical elements. The measured polarization properties of four vector beam states and their phase relationships are in good agreement with theoretical expectations. This interferometer is passively phase stable and robust, making it suitable for linear and nonlinear optical (superresolution) microscopy.     

含多层衍射光学元件的折/衍射混合头盔目镜

基于对多层衍射元件的衍射效率的理论分析,设计了用于头盔显示器的含有多层衍射元件的60视场折/衍射混合目镜系统。系统在设计波段和整个视场范围内衍射效率均在90 %以上,提高了光能利用率和像面对比度。目镜的出瞳距离为22 mm,出瞳直径为8 mm。调制传递函数（MTF）在25 lp/mm时全视场均在0.38以上,满足VGA分辨率要求。目镜中畸变为4.8%,垂轴色差最大为10 m。整个系统结构紧凑,镜头总长26.8 mm,最大直径16 mm,全系统质量仅8 g,实现了光学系统的轻小型化     

Optimization of 350× optical zoom lens with diffractive optical element

Through researching and validating, a set of optical designs using a diffractive optical element (DOE) and optimization process has been derived in this paper. We put forward a set of theories to solve the numerous quality issues in imaging and applied it to an optical design. For an optical design to be successful, it must comply with the standards of the optical system. Optical designers must also take into consideration imaging quality, wherein the most influential aspects are chromatic aberration and monochromatic aberration. We complied with systemic standards such as effective focal length and total system length. Diffractive Optical Element, based on the theory of wave phase difference, takes advantage of negative Abbe number, which might significantly eliminate chromatic aberrations of optics. Following the advanced technology applied to micro lens and etching process, precisely made micro DOE element now is possible to be manufactured in a large number. A 350× zoom lens with DOE is demonstrated in the proposal. The results show that regardless of whether chromatic aberration is axial or longitudinal, issues concerning the optical lens's chromatic aberration could be significantly reduced.     

Wave-front control and aberration correction with a diffractive optical element

A method that permits aberration correction and wave-front reshaping with a diffractive optical element (DOE) is described. Two aligned DOE's made of two different dispersive materials are used. The different dispersions of the two materials in addition to freedom in choosing their thicknesses enables the chromatic aberration and the wave fronts to be manipulated. Design and simulation of such DOE's are described.     

Simultaneous multicolor image formation with a single diffractive optical element

A design for a novel diffractive optical element (DOE) that can reconstruct three different intensity patterns when it is illuminated by three different wavelengths is presented. If the chosen wavelengths are red, green, and blue, full-color reconstruction capability is obtained. Reconstruction is achieved in the near field (Fresnel domain). Computer simulation results as well as experimental evidence are presented, proving the capabilities of this novel DOE design procedure.     

衍射光学元件检测及数据处理

衍射光学元件以其优异的光学性能,能够调制出理想的波面,较球面、非球面光学系统在校正色差方面具有较大优势。衍射光学元件的加工难点在于其加工精度不仅要求非球面基底的面形满足精度要求,还需要衍射结构的相位突变点及高度满足要求。由于其面形非连续性,存在相位突变点,传统的检测方式难于满足要求。对轮廓仪检测误差来源进行分析,结合检测数据分析加工误差数据,在此基础上进行数据处理,并将该方法获得的误差数据应用于零件加工,实现口径120 mm衍射面加工面形误差为0.539 μm。     

A diffractive optical element for shaping arbitrary beams

A design method is presented for an optical element that shapes an arbitrary collimated beam. The optical element consists of a pair of diffractive optical elements (DOEs). The outgoing beam is also collimated, and can have any desired intensity profile. The phase functions of the DOEs are computed by minimizing an appropriate cost function under an energy conservation constraint.     

Multiphoton multifocal microscopy exploiting a diffractive optical element

Multiphoton multifocal microscopy (MMM) usually has been achieved through a combination of galvo scanners with microlens arrays, with rotating disks of microlens arrays, and cascaded beam splitters with asynchronous rastering of scanning mirrors. Here we describe the achievement of a neat and compact MMM by use of a high-diffraction-efficiency diffractive-optic element that generates a multiple-spot grid of uniform intensity to achieve higher fidelity in imaging of live cells at adequate speeds.     

Low divergent diffractive optical element for remote detection

The low divergent Dammann grating is researched for the potential applications in aerospace. A laserbeam writing system is developed for writing the low divergent Dammann grating. The uniformity and efficiency of the Dammann grating are presented in this letter. The novelty of this letter is to demonstrate a low-cost and effective method to fabricate low divergent Dammann grating.     

用于大景深三维纳米分辨多分子追踪的衍射光学元件的设计制备和实验研究

发展能实时检测完整细胞内多个生物分子随时空变化的单分子探测和追踪技术, 对于研究生命过程的分子机理具有重要意义. 在变形光栅多阶成像和双螺旋点扩散函数成像方法的基础上, 基于波前编码的原理, 提出将二者优化结合, 获得全新的衍射光学元件, 该器件同时具有多重平面成像和双螺旋点扩散函数成像的功能, 旨在解决活细胞内单分子探测和追踪技术中的大景深探测难题. 设计和制备了该器件, 并基于该器件搭建了显微成像系统, 实验模拟证明该衍射光学元件同时可实现轴向12 μ的探测范围, 与理论设计结果相符合, 从而有效扩大了显微镜系统的景深, 证明了设计的可行性. 关键词： 多分子追踪 衍射光学元件 变形光栅 双螺旋点扩散函数     

Design of a diffractive optical element for wide spectral bandwidth

A new method for eliminating the chromatic aberration of a diffractive optical element (DOE) for wideband wavelengths is presented. The wideband-wavelength diffractive optical element (WBDOE) consists of two aligned DOE's. The use of different dispersive materials for the two DOE's eliminates chromatic aberration. The design and simulation of a WBDOE for the visible spectrum are presented.     

大口径衍射光学束匀滑器件的研制

采用爬山－模拟退火混合优化算法,选取合适的权重因子,改善了衍射光学束匀滑器件的设计性能,其顶部不均匀性小于1%,能量利用率优于95%。采用旋转镂空掩模板,加工出Φ 180的束匀滑器件,并进行了实验研究,获得了较好的束匀滑光强包络。为获得真实的束匀滑分布、改善顶部均匀性、提高抗波前畸变宽容度,选取特定的焦面采样间隔进行了精细化设计。     

利用汉克尔变换设计高斯光束整形衍射元件的应用研究

衍射光学元件由于可以实现对高斯光束的整形而被重视,其通常的设计方法为G-S算法,由于使用傅里叶变换运算量大、费时长,将快速汉克尔变换应用到这些算法中可以极大地提高运算速度,节省运算时间,为设计复杂的光束整形元件提供了高效、可行的方法。本文利用该种方法设计针对中心波长为775 nm、光束束腰口径为6 cm的激光器,成功设计了一个具有二阶相位的折衍混合光学元件。仅单独这一片元件,既可在距离其35 m处得到一半径为200μm的圆形平顶光斑,均方根误差D0.021。当抽样值取2~15时,在普通PC机上运行时间仅为20.05 s,大大节省了优化设计时间(整个优化设计过程往往需要几十次甚是上百次这种运算)。同时利用离子刻蚀技术加工了该折衍混合元件,并进行了实际测试,结果与设计值基本相符,整形效果较好。这种单片的整形元件不仅整形效果好,还有利于与激光器的集成,简化系统的调节。