Magnetic susceptibility of multinary diamondlike semiconductors

Summary The magnetic susceptibility of some A^IB ₂ ^II C^IIIX ₄ ^VI (A^I=Cu, Ag; B^II=Zn, Cd; C^III=Ga, In; X^VI=Se, Te) diamondlike chalcogenides has been measured at RT. Coherently with the form of the relative A^IC^IIIX ₂ ^VI -B^IIX^VI phase diagrams, their magnetic susceptibility fulfils the sum rule typical of ideal solid solutions. Separate values of the diamagnetic and paramagnetic contributions to total magnetic susceptibility are reported and discussed according to a chemical-bond approach previously described. Paper presented at the ?V International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds?, held in Cagliari, September 14–16, 1982.     

Magnetic susceptibility of ternary compounds I–III–VI2

Summary The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility ((300÷78) K) of some polycrystalline I–III–VI₂ semiconductors has been determined. Some of the materials show a temperature-independent diagmagnetic behaviour. CuInS₂ and CuInSe₂ show changes in the diamagnetic susceptibility assumed to be due to the presence of a temperature-dependent paramagnetic term from noninteracting trapped carriers. Paper presented at the ?V International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds?, held in Cagliari, September 14–16, 1982.     

Paramagnetic contribution to the magnetic susceptibility of Bechgaard salts

Summary The crystal of Bechgaard salt (TMTSF)₂X) is considered as a system of defect-bounded finite-length fragments of the TMTSF stacks. The paramagnetic contribution χ_spin to the susceptibility of the system arises due to the thermal population of the triplet excited states of the fragments and considerably increases with temperature in accordance with experiment. The unusual dependence of the pressure fractional derivative of χ_spin on temperature is explained as well. For the average fragment length flowing to infinity our expression for χ_spin transforms into the known Pauli formula and becomes temperature independent.     

Thermally averaged orbital diamagnetism of a localized wigner oscillator

Summary Electron crystallization due to sufficiently strong Coulomb repulsions leads to a model of electrons oscillating about lattice sites in harmonic potentials. We have studied the orbital diamagnetism of such a localized Wigner oscillator in an applied magnetic field of arbitrary strength. The two contributions from orbital angular momentum and from Langevin-Pauli behaviour are separately calculated using Feynman's theorem. Possible relevance to the melting curve of the Wigner crystals in a magnetic field is pointed out.

---

Riassunto La localizzazione di elettroni per effetto di repulsioni coulombiane sufficientemente forti porta ad un modello di elettroni che oscillano attorno a siti reticolari in potenziali armonici. Si studia il diamagnetismo orbitale di un siffatto oscillatore localizzato di Wigner in campo magnetico d'intensità arbitraria. Il contributo dovuto al momento angolare orbitale e quello di Langevin-Pauli sono calcolati separatamente mediante il teorema di Feynman. Si discute la possibile connessione dei risultati con il problema della curva di fusione del cristallo di Wigner in campo magnetico.

     

Suppression of superparamagnetism in surface-oxidized nanocrystals

Summary Fe nanocrystals (particles with a size of some nanometers) were prepared by the inert-gas condensation method with subsequent oxidization. The average size of the particles in the thin oxide layer was determined to be about 30 ?. The samples were studied by M?ssbauer spectroscopy at various temperatures. Superparamagnetism seems to be suppressed in these samples. Furthermore, a two-stage decrease of the average hyperfine field was observed in the oxide layer. The Fe oxide-Fe interface anisotropy is proposed to be responsible for this phenomenon.

---

Riassunto Si sono preparati nanocristalli di Fe (particelle con una dimensione di alcuni nanometri) per mezzo del metodo della condensazione di gas inerti con conseguente ossidazione. La misura media delle particelle nel fine strato di ossido è stata determinata intorno ai 30 ?. Si sono studiati i campioni attraverso la spettroscopia di M?ssbauer a varie temperature. In questi esempi il supermagnetismo sembra essere soppresso. Inoltre si è osservata una diminuzione del campo medio iperfino nello strato di ossido. L'anisotropia dell'interfaccia tra ossido di Fe e Fe è proposta come causa di questo fenomeno.

---

Резюме Используя метод конденсации в инертном газе с последующим окислением, приготовляутся нанокристаллы железа (частицы с размерами порядка нанометров). Средние размеры частиц в тонком слое окисла составляют около 30 ?. Полученные образцы исследуются с помощью Мессбаузровской спектроскопии при различных температурах. Наблюдается двух-ступенчатое уменьшение среднего сверхтонного поля в слоях окисла. Предполагается, что анизотропия границы раздела между окислом железа и железом является ответственной за это явление.

     

Dielectric response of cylindrical nanostructures in a magnetic field

We study the magnetic field dependence of the dielectric response of large cylindrical molecules such as nanotubes. When a field-induced level crossing takes place, an applied electric field has two effects: it may cause a linear instead of the usual quadratic Stark effect or the difference in the quadratic Stark coefficient of the two levels leads to a discontinuity in the polarization. Explicit calculations are performed for doped nanotubes and a rich structure in the real part of the low-frequency dielectric function is found when a magnetic field is applied along the cylinder axis. It is suggested that studies of can serve as a spectroscopic tool for the investigation of large ring-shaped or cylindrical molecules. Received 11 January 2000 and Received in final form 19 May 2000     

On the competition between magnetic order and local Kondo effect in Kondo lattice

We investigate the competition between magnetic order and local Kondo effect in a Kondo lattice model (i.e. the Coqblin-Schrieffer Hamiltonian extended to a lattice) in a mean-field approximation, taking account of the spin-orbit degeneracy of each localized f level. This leads to the definition of a dependent Kondo temperature. We study the Kondo phase and compare its energy with the energies of magnetic phases, when the number of the conduction band electron per site is near one. We present a phase diagram which shows the occurrence of three phases: Kondo, antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases. Our model in the mean-field approximation also shows a somewhat flat Kondo temperature, for large values of , as a function of the exchange coupling J between conduction and localized f electrons. Finally we show some scaling effects between and J and we define a corresponding Kondo temperature. Received 21 September 1998 and Received in final form 8 February 1999     

稀磁半导体的制备与性质

报道了稀磁半导体的制备、性质与实验研究进展，介绍了稀磁半导体的应用及发展前景．     

Birefringence of optically uni-axial ternary semiconductors

Refractive indices and birefringences for some representative uni-axial crystals such as II- SiP₂ and II- GeP₂ have been determined over a wide range of wavelengths by the use of first-principles electronic structure calculations. First, the calculated refractive indices are fitted usually by a generalized Sellmeier equation which consists of several oscillation terms involve in its parameters more direct information about material such as electronic transitions or resonance wavelengths. Then, in contrast to all other semiconductors under discussion our spectra show a negative birefringence for CdSiP₂ in agreement with the experimental data, and they exhibit a considerable dispersion near the band gap.     

Heat of formation of ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors

Heat of formation of I-III-VI₂ and II-IV-V₂ groups of ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors has been calculated using plasma oscillations theory of solids. Two simple relations between plasmon energy and heat of formation have been proposed. One is based on spectroscopic model of Phillips and Van Vechten and other is based on the best-fit data of heat of formation. The calculated values of heat of formation from both the equations are compared with the experimental values and the values reported by earlier workers. A fairly good agreement has been obtained between them.     

Properties of incompletely bonded ternary chalcogenide semiconductors

Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchenbykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 53–58, November, 1991.     

On the effective electron mass in ternary semiconductors in the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields

The effective electron mass in ternary semiconductors under cross field configuration depends on the magnetic quantum number, besides the usual energy dependence of the same mass in non-parabolic bands. It is found, taking nHg_1−xCd_xTe as an example, that the index dependent masses are in agreement with the experimental observation.     

Preparation and characterization of biocompatible magnetic carbon nanotubes

Magnetic carbon nanotubes consisting of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) core and Fe₃O₄ shell were successfully prepared by in situ thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)₃ or FeCl₃ or Fe(CO)₅ in 2-pyrrolidone containing acid treated MWNTs at 240 °C with the protection of nitrogen gas. The samples were characterized by TEM, XRD, SEAD, XPS and superconducting quantum interference device. Also, their biocompatibility was compared with naked carbon nanotubes. The results showed that after coated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, the obtained magnetic carbon nanotubes show superparamagnetic characteristic at room temperature, and their blocking temperature is about 80 K. The magnetic properties of the nanotubes are relevant to the content of magnetic particles, increasing content of magnetic nanoparticles leads to higher blocking temperature and saturation magnetization. The results of antimicrobial activities to bacterial cells (Escherichia coli) showed that the MWNTs have antimicrobial activity, while the magnetic nanotubes are biocompatible even with a higher concentration than that of MWNTs.     

Diluted magnetic semiconductors and spintronics

Classification of concentrated and diluted magnetic semiconductors is given and their physicochemical properties that are interesting for spintronics are characterized. The electronic structure of magnetic impurities in semiconductors and the nature of indirect exchange interactions between impurity spins in diluted magnetic semiconductors are considered. On the basis of the proposed theory of kinematic exchange, the Curie temperature T _C for bulk diluted magnetic semiconductors (In,Mn)Sb are estimated.     

AC magnetic susceptibility at medium frequencies suggests a paramagnetic behavior of pure water

The AC magnetic susceptibility of water is studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz-1 MHz at a low magnetic field. The results show a paramagnetic behavior between 500 kHz and 1 MHz for samples at 37 °C and 25 °C, which is surprising considering that water is believed to be diamagnetic. AC magnetic susceptibilities for ice and different salt solutions were investigated as well: in such cases the susceptibility is always negative and therefore, such samples remain diamagnetic.     

Theoretical analysis of the oscillatory gate capacitance inn-channel inversion layers on ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors under magnetic quantization

An attempt is made to investigate theoretically the gate capacitance inn-channel inversion layers on ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors under both weak and strong electric field limits in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field, takingn-channel inversion layers on p-type Cd GaAs₂ as examples. It is found, on the basis of the newly derived 2D electron spectra in inversion layers on the above class of semiconductors, for both weak and strong electric field limits, that the gate capacitances oscillate with the quantizing magnetic field and the crystal field splitting parameter effectively enhances the oscillatory spikes. It has also been observed that the oscillatory behaviour is in qualitative agreement with experimental observation as reported elsewhere for MOS structure of Hg_1–xCd_xTe. In addition, the corresponding results for inversion layers on parabolic semi-conductors are also obtained from the expressions derived.     

Preparation and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles with controlled magnetization

The effect of molar ratio of two hydrated iron salts used as precursors into a (co)precipitation-based synthesis method, on the composition, size and specific saturation magnetization of mixed iron oxides and oxyhydroxides magnetic nanoparticles as reaction products, was studied. The preparation procedure is based on a salt-assisted solid-state chemical reaction. The obtained products are magnetic multiphase components with the mean size ranging from 3 to 10 nm and specific saturation magnetization between 25 and 95.5 emu/g. The specific saturation magnetization modifies in a non-linear manner as the molar ratio of the iron salts varies. Excepting one sample, for which Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ molar ratio was zero, all magnetic nanoparticles show a ferrofluid-like behaviour in the colloidal form. The small size, ferrofluid-like behaviour, and controlled specific saturation magnetization allow the use of new synthesized nanoparticles in specific biomedical or industrial applications.     

Nonlinear magnetic response in ruthenocuprates

We have performed an investigation of the nonlinear magnetic response in ruthenocuprates. A negative, diverging-like peak at the main magnetic transition T_N in RuSr₂ RECu₂O₈ (RE = Gd, Y) indicates a possible canted antiferromagnetic order. Another well defined feature above T_N points to a blocking of superparamagnetic particles through the T^-3 dependence of the third harmonic at higher temperatures. Below T_N a nondiverging peak appears, which is strongly affected by the addition of 10% of Cu ions in the RuO₂ planes. In RuSr₂ RE _2-xCe_xCu₂O₁₀ the main magnetic transition T_M is accompanied by two characteristic temperatures in the third harmonic of the ac susceptibility, in agreement with recent studies from μSR and M?ssbauer spectroscopy. We find that the spin-spin correlation temperature is the same in both families of ruthenocuprates.